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Måge I, Wubshet SG, Wold JP, Solberg LE, Böcker U, Dankel K, Lintvedt TA, Kafle B, Cattaldo M, Matić J, Sorokina L, Afseth NK. The role of biospectroscopy and chemometrics as enabling technologies for upcycling of raw materials from the food industry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:342005. [PMID: 37996160 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is important to utilize the entire animal in meat and fish production to ensure sustainability. Rest raw materials, such as bones, heads, trimmings, and skin, contain essential nutrients that can be transformed into high-value products. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis (EPH) is a bioprocess that can upcycle these materials to create valuable proteins and fats. This paper focuses on the role of spectroscopy and chemometrics in characterizing the quality of the resulting protein product and understanding how raw material quality and processing affect it. The article presents recent developments in chemical characterisation and process modelling, with a focus on rest raw materials from poultry and salmon production. Even if some of the technology is relatively mature and implemented in many laboratories and industries, there are still open challenges and research questions. The main challenges are related to the transition of technology and insights from laboratory to industrial scale, and the link between peptide composition and critical product quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Måge
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jens Petter Wold
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Erik Solberg
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulrike Böcker
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katinka Dankel
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tiril Aurora Lintvedt
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Bijay Kafle
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Marco Cattaldo
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josipa Matić
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Liudmila Sorokina
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Kristian Afseth
- Nofima - Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
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Na Z, Bi H, Wang Y, Guo Y, Ma Y. Effect of Steam Flash-Explosion on Physicochemical Properties and Structure of High-Temperature Denatured Defatted Rice Bran Protein Isolate. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020643. [PMID: 36677701 PMCID: PMC9867354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Steam Flash-Explosion (SFE) on the physicochemical properties and molecular structure of high-temperature denatured defatted rice bran protein isolate (RBPI) were investigated. The mechanism of SFE treatment on high-temperature denatured defatted RBPI was revealed. The analysis of the physical and chemical properties of RBPI showed that the surface hydrophobicity, characteristic viscosity, and thermal stability of rice bran protein isolate were significantly affected by the pressure of saturated steam and pressure holding time. Under the conditions of 2.1 MPa and 210 s, the surface hydrophobicity index decreased significantly from 137.5 to 17.5, and the characteristic viscosity increased significantly. The peak temperature of denaturation decreases from 114.2 to 106.7 °C, and the enthalpy of denaturation decreases from 356.3 to 231.4 J/g. The higher structure (circular dichroic spectrum and endogenous fluorescence spectrum) of rice bran protein isolate was analyzed by volume rejection chromatography (SEC). The results showed that steam flash treatment could depolymerize and aggregate RBPI, and the relative molecular weight distribution changed greatly. The decrease in small molecules with poor solubility was accompanied by the increase in macromolecules (>550 kDa) soluble aggregates, which were the products of a Maillard reaction. The contents of free sulfhydryl and disulfide bonds in high-temperature rice bran meal protein isolate were significantly increased, which resulted in the increase in soluble aggregates containing disulfide bonds. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that the α-helix content of the isolated protein was significantly decreased, the random curl content was increased, and the secondary structure of the isolated protein changed from order to disorder. The results of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the high-temperature rice bran meal protein isolate was more extended, tryptophan was in a more hydrophilic microenvironment, the fluorescence intensity was reduced, and the tertiary structure was changed. In addition, the mean particle size and net surface charge of protein isolate increased in the aqueous solution, which was conducive to the development of the functional properties of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Na
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Haixin Bi
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
- College of Food Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150060, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- College of Food Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150060, China
| | - Yujuan Guo
- College of Food Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin 150060, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
- Correspondence:
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Xu W, Ma Q, Sun J, Li Y, Wang J, Tang Y, Liu Y, Mu J, Wang W. Changes in quality characteristics of shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) during refrigerated storage and their correlation with protein degradation. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Liu D, Di H, Guo Y, Betchem G, Ma H. Multi-mode S-type ultrasound-assisted protein extraction from walnut dregs and in situ real-time process monitoring. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106116. [PMID: 35964528 PMCID: PMC9391577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-mode S-type ultrasound treatment on the protein extraction level of walnut dregs. The structural properties of the walnut protein (WP) were characterized, and the correlation between protein structure and extraction level was analyzed. The in situ real-time monitoring model for the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established by a miniature fiber near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Results showed that the protein yield, purity, and comprehensive extraction index (CEI) of extracted WP were 71.07 %, 72.69 %, and 71.72, respectively, under optimal conditions (dual-frequency 20/28 kHz, ultrasonic treatment duration 30 min, and ultrasound power density 120 W/L). The secondary structure of extracted WP displayed that the proportion of α-helix and β-sheet reduced, while the contents of β-turn and random coil increased after ultrasonic treatment. Besides, sonication decreased the disulfide bond content and increased free sulfhydryl (-SH) and surface hydrophobicity compared to the control. The microstructures of WP confirmed that appropriate sonication could unfold the protein aggregates and reduce the particle size. The extraction level of WP is positively correlated with the -SH content (p < 0.01). The quantitative prediction model of Si-PLS for -SH content in the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established and performed a good correction and prediction performance (Rc = 0.9736; RMSECV = 0.446 μmol/L; Rp = 0.9342; RMSEP = 0.807 μmol/L). This study exploited a high-efficiency way for the WP extraction industry, and provided theoretical support for the development of the intelligent system in industrial protein extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hongyan Di
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Garba Betchem
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Gao D, Chen H, Liu H, Yang X, Guo P, Cao X, Cai Y, Xu H, Yang J. Structure characterization and antioxidant activity analysis of polysaccharides from Lanzhou Lily. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976607. [PMID: 35990335 PMCID: PMC9389332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is a traditional medicinal plant and popular edible vegetable bulb in China. In this study, the polysaccharides of Lanzhou Lily (LLPs) were extracted by polyethylene glycol-based ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction method (PEG-UAEE). The optimum process conditions were obtained by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the preliminarily structure of LLPs was characterized by HPLC, FT-IR, and SEM, and its antioxidant activities were evaluated. The results showed that LLPs yield reached 14.75% under the optimized conditions: E/S ratio 1,400 U/g; pH 5.0, ultrasonic time 30 min; and ultrasonic temperature 50 °C. The LLPs has pyranoid ring, uronic acid, and the characteristic absorption peaks of -OH, C = O, and C-H. The results of scanning electron microscope indicated that the LLPs had irregular distribution, dispersed structure, and many holes. The HPLC analysis showed that the LLPs were heteropolysaccharide containing galactose (6.36%), glucose (76.03%), rhamnose (2.02%), and arabinose (7.09%). Moreover, the LLPs showed obvious antioxidant effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghai Liu
- Technology Research and Development Center, Gansu Tobacco Industry Co. Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Cai
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jutian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Estivi L, Brandolini A, Condezo-Hoyos L, Hidalgo A. Impact of low-frequency ultrasound technology on physical, chemical and technological properties of cereals and pseudocereals. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:106044. [PMID: 35605345 PMCID: PMC9126843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cereals (CE) and pseudocereals (PSCE) play a pivotal role in nourishing the human population. Low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) modifies the structure of CE and PSCE macromolecules such as starch and proteins, often improving their technological, functional and bioactive properties. Hence, it is employed for enhancing the traditional processes utilized for the preparation of CE- and PSCE-based foods as well as for the upcycling of their by-products. We report recent advances in LFUS treatments for hydration, germination, extraction of bioactive compounds from by-products, and fortification of CEs and PSCE, including kinetic modelling and underlying action mechanisms. Meta-analyses of LFUS influence on compounds extraction and starch gelatinization are also presented. LFUS enhances hydration rate and time lag phase of CE and PSCE, essential for germination, extraction, fermentation and cooking. The germination is improved by increasing hydration, releasing promoters and eliminating inhibitors. Furthermore, LFUS boosts the extraction of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and other food components; modifies starch structure, affecting pasting properties; causes partial denaturation of proteins, improving their interfacial properties and their peptides availability. Overall, LFUS has an outstanding potential to improve transformation processes and functionalities of CE and PSCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Estivi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Brandolini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Unità di Ricerca per la Zootecnia e l'Acquacoltura (CREA-ZA), via Piacenza 29, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| | - Luis Condezo-Hoyos
- Innovative Technology, Food and Health Research Group, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Investigación de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
| | - Alyssa Hidalgo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
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Yang H, Bao L, Liu Y, Luo S, Zhao F, Chen G, Liu F. Identification and quantitative analysis of salt-adulterated honeysuckle using infrared spectroscopy coupled with multi-chemometrics. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Jin J, Okagu OD, Yagoub AEA, Udenigwe CC. Effects of sonication on the in vitro digestibility and structural properties of buckwheat protein isolates. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105348. [PMID: 32971393 PMCID: PMC7495248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the effects of sonication at different amplitudes and durations on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). The conformation, particle size and microstructures of the BPIs were also studied to explicate the possible mechanisms of the sonication-induced changes. The results showed that sonication conditions of 20 kHz, pulsed on-time 10 s, off-time 5 s, amplitude of 60% and duration of 10 min (SA6T10) improved the digestibility of BPIs from 41.4% (control) to 58.2%. The tertiary structure analysis showed that sonication exposed the hydrophobic core buried inside the protein molecules and broke the intramolecular crosslinks, based on the increase in the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence and the decrease in the disulphide content. The secondary structure analysis showed that SA6T10 decreased the content of β-turn and β-sheet by 40.9% and 22.4%, respectively, and increased the content of anti-parallel β-sheet, random coil, and α-helix by 40.9%, 30.6%, and 25.5%, respectively. The particle size of the control BPIs (427.7 ± 76.7 nm) increased to 2130.8 ± 356.2 nm in the SA6T10 sonicated sample with a corresponding decrease in the polydispersity index from 0.97 ± 0.04 to 0.51 ± 0.13. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy indicated that sonication broke the macroparticles into smaller fragments and changed the surface state of the proteins. Taken together, sonication has proven to be a promising approach for improving the digestibility of buckwheat proteins, which can be explored as a source of plant-based alternative protein for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China; School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ogadimma D Okagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Liang N, Sun S, Zhang C, He Y, Qiu Z. Advances in infrared spectroscopy combined with artificial neural network for the authentication and traceability of food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2963-2984. [PMID: 33345592 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1862045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The authentication and traceability of food attract more attention due to the increasing consumer awareness regarding nutrition and health, being a new hotspot of food science. Infrared spectroscopy (IRS) combined with shallow neural network has been widely proven to be an effective food analysis technology. As an advanced deep learning technology, deep neural network has also been explored to analyze and solve food-related IRS problems in recent years. The present review begins with brief introductions to IRS and artificial neural network (ANN), including shallow neural network and deep neural network. More notably, it emphasizes the comprehensive overview of the advances of the technology combined IRS with ANN for the authentication and traceability of food, based on relevant literature from 2014 to early 2020. In detail, the types of IRS and ANN, modeling processes, experimental results, and model comparisons in related studies are described to set forth the usage and performance of the combined technology for food analysis. The combined technology shows excellent ability to authenticate food quality and safety, involving chemical components, freshness, microorganisms, damages, toxic substances, and adulteration. As well, it shows excellent performance in the traceability of food variety and origin. The advantages, current limitations, and future trends of the combined technology are further discussed to provide a thoughtful viewpoint on the challenges and expectations of online applications for the authentication and traceability of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sashuang Sun
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang H, Zhang H. Effect of ultrasound-assisted freezing on the textural characteristics of dough and the structural characterization of wheat gluten. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:3380-3390. [PMID: 31274906 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the effects of ultrasonic treatment in the whole freezing process (UWF) and the maximum ice crystal formation zone (UMF) on the quality of frozen dough, the textural properties of dough and the structure of gluten were investigated. The results showed that the UWF and UMF treatments improved the textural properties of frozen dough and obtain the best effect at the 60 W/L power densities. Ultrasound-assisted freezing reduced the destructive effect of disulfide bonds on dough, and led to a state of dynamic equilibrium of hydrophobic groups. UWF treatment at 80 W/L and UMF treatment at 40 W/L had positive effects prevented the secondary structure from destruction by freezing. The network of gluten treated by ultrasound-assisted freezing was more uniform and smaller than that of traditional freezing samples, which was similar to the network structure of fresh protein. According to Pearson's correlation analysis, there was a high correlation between SH, α-helix content and springiness. There was a significant positive correlation between β-turn and G', G″, and there was a significant negative correlation between β-turn and hardness. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted freezing improved the process quality of dough though reducing the damage to gluten structure caused by freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Li
- 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingli Liu
- 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002 People's Republic of China
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