Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Lansiumamide A and B and Their Derivatives

Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity study of lansiumamide analogues for treatment of acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammation-mediated respiratory disease with a high mortality rate. Medications with anti-inflammatory small molecules have been demonstrated in phase I and II clinical trials to considerably reduce the ALI mortality. In this study, two series of lansiumamide analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity for ALI treatment. We found that compound 8n exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting LPS-induced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in Raw264.7 cells and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, we discovered in a LPS-induced ALI mice model that compound 8n significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissue to achieve the effect of protecting lung tissues and improving ALI. Additionally, our mice model study revealed that compound 8n had a good expectorant effect. These results consistently support that lansiumamide analogue 8n represents a new class of anti-inflammatory agents with potential as a lead compound for further development into a therapeutic drug for ALI treatment.

Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Pyrazole Analogues Containing the Aryl Trifluoromethoxy Group

On the basis of the three-component synthetic methodology developed by us, a total of twenty-six pyrazole compounds bearing aryl OCF3 were designed and synthesized. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These compounds were evaluated systematically for antifungal activities in vitro against six plant pathogenic fungi by the mycelium growth rate method. Most of the compounds showed some activity against each of the fungi at 100 μg/mL. Compounds 1t and 1v exhibited higher activity against all the tested fungi, and 1v displayed the highest activity against F. graminearum with an EC50 value of 0.0530 μM, which was comparable with commercial pyraclostrobin. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that, with respect to the R1 substituent, the straight chain or cycloalkyl ring moiety was a key structural moiety for the activity, and the R2 substituent on the pyrazole ring could have significant effects on the activity. Simple and readily available pyrazoles with potent antifungal activity were obtained, which are ready for further elaboration to serve as a pharmacophore in new potential antifungal agents.

Comprehensive Review of Phytochemical Profiles and Health-Promoting Effects of Different Portions of Wampee (Clausena lansium)

Clausena lansium, commonly known as wampee, is a subtropical fruit from the Rutaceae family characterized by its high nutrient content and numerous bioactive substances. This low-fat fruit is abundant in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids. Wampee has been found to contain several bioactive compounds, including essential oils, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. These bioactive constituents provide numerous health-enhancing properties, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial effects. The relationship between these compounds and their impacts on health has been explored in various studies. While the disease-prevention efficacy of C. lansium has been established, additional research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved. This paper presents a comprehensive review of wampee, focusing on its bioactive compounds, the beneficial effects derived from its consumption, and the evidence supporting the development of wampee-based functional foods in future studies.

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Components from Clausena lenis Drake

Clausena lenis Drake (C. lenis) is a folk medicinal herb to treat influenza, colds, bronchitis, and malaria. The 95% and 50% ethanol extract of C. lenis showed significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibition activity in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bio-guided isolation of the active extract afforded five new compounds, including a chlorine-containing furoquinoline racemate, (±)-claulenine A (1), an amide alkaloid, claulenine B (2), a prenylated coumarin, claulenin A (3), a furocoumarin glucoside, clauleside A (4), and a multi-prenylated p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, claulenin B (5), along with 33 known ones. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of new compounds were assigned via the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2, 23, 27, 28, 33, and 34 showed potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells, with IC₅₀ values in the range of 17.6–40.9 μM. The possible mechanism was deduced to interact with iNOS through molecular docking.

Concise and Gram-Scale Total Synthesis of Lansiumamides A and B and Alatamide

The total synthesis of potent anti-obesity lansiumamide B was accomplished in four steps using commercially available materials. The synthetic strategy, featured with copper-catalyzed Buchwald coupling, is concise, convergent, practical and can be carried out on a one-gram scale. This approach could give either Z- or E-configured enamide moiety in natural products with absolute stereocontrol and was applied in the total synthesis of natural products.