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Rajauria G, Ravindran R, Garcia-Vaquero M, Rai DK, Sweeney T, O’Doherty J. Purification and Molecular Characterization of Fucoidan Isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum Brown Seaweed Grown in Ireland. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:315. [PMID: 37233509 PMCID: PMC10223938 DOI: 10.3390/md21050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the molecular characteristics of fucoidan obtained from the brown Irish seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, employing hydrothermal-assisted extraction (HAE) followed by a three-step purification protocol. The dried seaweed biomass contained 100.9 mg/g of fucoidan, whereas optimised HAE conditions (solvent, 0.1N HCl; time, 62 min; temperature, 120 °C; and solid to liquid ratio, 1:30 (w/v)) yielded 417.6 mg/g of fucoidan in the crude extract. A three-step purification of the crude extract, involving solvents (ethanol, water, and calcium chloride), molecular weight cut-off filter (MWCO; 10 kDa), and solid-phase extraction (SPE), resulted in 517.1 mg/g, 562.3 mg/g, and 633.2 mg/g of fucoidan (p < 0.05), respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity, as determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, revealed that the crude extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to the purified fractions, commercial fucoidan, and ascorbic acid standard (p < 0.05). The molecular attributes of biologically active fucoidan-rich MWCO fraction was characterised by quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrospray ionisation mass spectra of purified fucoidan revealed quadruply ([M+4H]4+) and triply ([M+3H]3+) charged fucoidan moieties at m/z 1376 and m/z 1824, respectively, and confirmed the molecular mass 5444 Da (~5.4 kDa) from multiply charged species. The FTIR analysis of both purified fucoidan and commercial fucoidan standard exhibited O-H, C-H, and S=O stretching which are represented by bands at 3400 cm-1, 2920 cm-1, and 1220-1230 cm-1, respectively. In conclusion, the fucoidan recovered from HAE followed by a three-step purification process was highly purified; however, purification reduced the antioxidant activity compared to the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Microbiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, SUSFERM Fermentation Science and Bioprocess Engineering Centre, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology, V92 CX88 Tralee, Ireland;
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology, V92 CX88 Tralee, Ireland;
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dilip K. Rai
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
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Tian W, Song X, Wang F, Jiang W. Study on the preparation and biological activities of low molecular weight squid ink polysaccharide from Sepiella maindroni. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124040. [PMID: 36933594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Sepiella maindroni ink polysaccharide (SIP) from the ink of cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni and its sulfated derivative (SIP-SII) have been demonstrated to possess diverse biological activities. But little is known about low molecular weight squid ink polysaccharides (LMWSIPs). In this study, LMWSIPs were prepared by acidolysis, and the fragments with molecular weight (Mw) distribution in the ranges of 7 kDa to 9 kDa, 5 kDa to 7 kDa and 3 kDa to 5 kDa were grouped and named as LMWSIP-1, LMWSIP-2 and LMWSIP-3, respectively. The structural features of LMWSIPs were elucidated, and their anti-tumor, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also studied. The results showed that with the exception of LMWSIP-3, the main structures of LMWSIP-1 and LMWSIP-2 did not change compared with SIP. Though there were no significant differences in the antioxidant capacity between LMWSIPs and SIP, the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities of SIP were enhanced to a certain extent after degradation. It is particularly noteworthy that the activities of LMWSIP-2 in anti-proliferation, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting migration of tumor cells as well as promoting the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes were significantly higher than those of SIP and the other degradation products, which is promising in the anti-tumor pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinlei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Influence of Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Foliar Spray on the Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Okra under Drought Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060790. [PMID: 35336672 PMCID: PMC8949179 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress restricts the growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) primarily by disrupting its physiological and biochemical functions. This study evaluated the role of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in improving the drought tolerance of okra. Drought stress (3 days (control), 6 days (mild stress), and 9 days (severe stress)) and 4 doses of ANE (0, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) were imposed after 30 days of cultivation. The results indicate that drought stress decreases the chlorophyll content (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid) but increases the activity of anthocyanin, proline, and antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Physiological and biochemical plant disturbances and visible growth reduction in okra under drought stress were significantly decreased by the application of ANE foliar spray. ANE spray (0.3%) significantly increased the chlorophyll abundance and activity of anthocyanin, proline, and antioxidants (APX, POD, and CAT). ANE regulated and improved biochemical and physiological functions in okra under both drought and control conditions. The results of the current study show that ANE foliar spray may improve the growth performance of okra and result in the development of drought tolerance in okra.
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Mousavian Z, Safavi M, Azizmohseni F, Hadizadeh M, Mirdamadi S. Characterization, antioxidant and anticoagulant properties of exopolysaccharide from marine microalgae. AMB Express 2022; 12:27. [PMID: 35239029 PMCID: PMC8894541 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfated exopolysaccharide extracted from marine microalgae attracted considerable attention from both the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study biomass of five marine microalgae were screened to find strains with high capacity for the production of sulfated exopolysaccharides. The anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of extracted sulfated polysaccharides were evaluated using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Picochlorum sp. showed a strong DPPH scavenging effect with 85% antioxidant activity. The sulfated polysaccharides of Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella sp. (L2) and Chlorella sp. (D1) scavenged more than 90% of the ABTS radicals. However, the sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Chlorella sorokiniana, and Chlorella sp. (N4) showed anticoagulant properties. The dual anticoagulant-antioxidant activities in Chlorella sorokiniana could be explained by the combination of various factors including sulfate content and their binding site, monosaccharide residue and glycoside bond which are involved in the polysaccharide’s bioactivity. Sulfated exopolysaccharides (sPS) were extracted from marine green microalgae by the heated acid extraction method. sPS with the higher sulfate/sugar ratio presented potent ABTS radical scavenging activity. Some of the sPS revealed anticoagulant effects in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays.
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Rudtanatip T, Pariwatthanakun C, Somintara S, Sakeaw W, Wongprasert K. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress of chemically degraded Gracilaria fisheri sulfated galactans. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:51-63. [PMID: 35218802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) possess an extensive range of biological activities, such as the inhibition of oxidation, correlated with their molecular weight (MW) and chemical structure. In this study, we used the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) controlled degradation method to degrade sulfated galactans (SG) isolated from Gracilaria fisheri and evaluated the antioxidant and protective effects of the low molecular weight SG (LMSG) against H2O2 on fibroblast cells for the first time. Degradation of native SG (NSG) with an initial MW of 217.45 kDa using different concentrations of TFA resulted in five degraded NSG with MW of 97.23, 62.26, 30.74, 2.63, and 2.59 kDa. The reduction in MW was positively correlated with TFA concentrations. Chemical structure analyses using FTIR and NMR indicated that the TFA degradation process did not significantly change the LMSG polysaccharide main chain but did change the functional groups. LMSG exhibited higher scavenging activities and enhanced the cellular activities of GSH, CAT, and SOD enzymes. Moreover, LMSG activated Nrf-2/ARE signaling and increased expression of antioxidant genes CAT and SOD, which corresponded to increase protective effects against H2O2-induced ROS generation in fibroblast cells. The study reveals modification of NSG by acid TFA degradation resulted in the creation of LMSG, which showed greater antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawut Rudtanatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Somsuda Somintara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Sakeaw
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Hodhodi A, Babakhani A, Rostamzad H. Effect of different extraction conditions on phlorotannin content and antioxidant activity of extract from brown algae (
Sargassum angustifolium
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hodhodi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources University of Guilan Sowmeh Sara Iran
| | - Aria Babakhani
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources University of Guilan Sowmeh Sara Iran
| | - Haniyeh Rostamzad
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources University of Guilan Sowmeh Sara Iran
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Jia RB, Wu J, Li ZR, Ou ZR, Zhu Q, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Comparison of physicochemical properties and antidiabetic effects of polysaccharides extracted from three seaweed species. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:81-92. [PMID: 31945436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three algae polysaccharides (APs) extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum (ANP), Fucus vesiculosus (FVP) and Undaria Pinnatifida (USP) significantly differed in the zeta potential, water and oil holding capacity, monosaccharide composition, organic element composition, molecular weight distribution, microstructure and rheological properties. Antidiabetic effects of APs were compared by oral intervention at the dose of 400 mg/kg·body weight/day in high sugar and fat diets and streptozotocin injection induced type 2 diabetic rats. The analysis of body weight, water intake, fasting blood glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance, blood lipid indicators (including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and free fatty acid (FFA)), liver function indexes (involving alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) and renal function profiles (comprising uric acid (UA) and urea nitrogen (BUN)) showed that APs possessed obvious antidiabetic activities, and FVP showed better effects in controlling the levels of FFA, AST, ALT, UA and BUN. Intervention of FVP reduced the total bile acid (TBA) level and elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level of diabetic rats. Histomorphological observation further demonstrated that APs, especially FVP, could attenuate liver and kidney damage caused by diabetes. This study concluded that the antidiabetic effects of ANP, FVP and USP were distinctly different, which might be attributed to their different chemical structures. Therefore, the structure-activity relationship and antidiabetic mechanism of APs will be our future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Zhou TY, Xiang XW, Du M, Zhang LF, Cheng NX, Liu XL, Zheng B, Wen ZS. Protective effect of polysaccharides of sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1133-1140. [PMID: 31419551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the protective effects of polysaccharides of sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta (ALP) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative injury in RAW264.7 cells. Analysis of monosaccharide composition and structure of one fraction from ALP (ALPN) were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectoscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that ALPN contain sulfate groups, which is sulfated polysaccharides. The results from MTT assay indicated that ALPN could markedly increase viability of cells compared with RAW264.7 cells exposed to H2O2. Moreover, ALPN significantly increased the levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in RAW264.7 cells. The data from RT-PCR showed that ALPN (300 μg/mL) could increase the gene expression levels of SOD1 and GPX1. ALPN could also observably increase the protein expression level of Nrf2 and decrease the protein expression level of Keap1 with western blot. Collectively, this study suggested that polysaccharides of sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta (ALP) could effectively protect RAW264.7 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. This protection mechanism may be related to activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wei Xiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei-Fang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Xue Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Lin Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Shun Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China.
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Optimization of antioxidant extraction from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum using response surface methodology. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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