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Thakur A, Patwa J, Pant S, Jeet Singh Flora S, Sharma A. Synthesis and evaluation of small organic molecule as reactivator of organophosphorus inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:26-41. [PMID: 36514993 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2150210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of uncharged salicylaldehyde oximes were synthesized and evaluated for the reactivation of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents simulants Diethylchlorophosphonate (DCP) & Diethylcyanophosphonate (DCNP) and pesticides (paraoxon & malaoxon) inhibited electric eel Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The computational software Swiss ADME and molinspiration were used to unfold the probability of drug-likeness properties of the oximes derivatives. Substituted aromatic oximes with diethylamino or bromo group with free hydroxyl group ortho to oxime moiety were found efficient to regenerate the enzymatic activity in in-vitro AChE assay. The alkylation of the ortho hydroxyl group of derivatives led to the loss of reactivation potential. The derivatives with a hydroxyl group and without oxime group and vice versa did not show significant reactivation potency against tested OP toxicants. Further, we also evaluated the reactivation potential of these selected molecules on the rat brain homogenate against different OPs inhibited ChE and found maximum reactivation potency of oxime 2e. The in-vitro results were further validated by molecular docking and dynamic studies which showed that the hydroxyl group interacted with serine amino acids in the catalytic anionic site of AChE enzyme and was stable up to 200 ns consequently providing proper orientation to oxime moiety for reactivating the OP inhibited enzyme. It has thus been proved by the structure-activity relationship of oximes derivatives that hydroxyl group ortho to oxime is essential for reactivating OP inhibited electric eel AChE. Amongst the twenty-one oximes derivatives, 2e was found to be most active in regenerating the paraoxon, malaoxon, DCP and DCNP inhibited AChE enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Thakur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Jayant Patwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Suyash Pant
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
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Shulaeva MM, Zueva IV, Nikolaev AE, Saifina LF, Sharafutdinova DR, Babaev VM, Semenov VE, Petrov KA. Conjugates of nucleobases with triazole-hydroxamic acids for the reactivation of acetylcholinesterase and treatment of delayed neurodegeneration induced by organophosphate poisoning. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106858. [PMID: 37774432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of new uncharged conjugates of adenine, 3,6-dimetyl-, 1,6-dimethyl- and 6-methyluracil with 1,2,4-triazole-3-hydroxamic and 1,2,3-triazole-4-hydroxamic acid moieties were synthesized and studied as reactivators of organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterase. It is shown that triazole-hydroxamic acids can reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by paraoxon (POX) in vitro, offering reactivation constants comparable to those of pralidoxime (2-PAM). However, in contrast to 2-PAM, triazole-hydroxamic acids demonstrated the ability to reactivate AChE in the brain of rats poisoned with POX. At a dose of 200 mg/kg (i.v.), the lead compound 3e reactivated 22.6 ± 7.3% of brain AChE in rats poisoned with POX. In a rat model of POX-induced delayed neurodegeneration, compound 3e reduced the neuronal injury labeled with FJB upon double administration 1 and 3 h after poisoning. Compound 3e was also shown to prevent memory impairment of POX-poisoned rats as tested in a Morris water maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Shulaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anton E Nikolaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Liliya F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Dilyara R Sharafutdinova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily M Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav E Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation; Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str., 18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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N-substituted arylhydroxamic acids as acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Figueroa-Villar JD, Petronilho EC, Kuca K, Franca TCC. Review about Structure and Evaluation of Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited with Neurotoxic Organophosphorus Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1422-1442. [PMID: 32334495 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200425213215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic chemical warfare agents can be classified as some of the most dangerous chemicals for humanity. The most effective of those agents are the Organophosphates (OPs) capable of restricting the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which in turn, controls the nerve impulse transmission. When AChE is inhibited by OPs, its reactivation can be usually performed through cationic oximes. However, until today, it has not been developed one universal defense agent, with complete effective reactivation activity for AChE inhibited by any of the many types of existing neurotoxic OPs. For this reason, before treating people intoxicated by an OP, it is necessary to determine the neurotoxic compound that was used for contamination, in order to select the most effective oxime. Unfortunately, this task usually requires a relatively long time, raising the possibility of death. Cationic oximes also display a limited capacity of permeating the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). This fact compromises their capacity to reactivating AChE inside the nervous system. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search on the data about OPs available on the scientific literature today in order to cover all the main drawbacks still faced in the research for the development of effective antidotes against those compounds. RESULTS Therefore, this review about neurotoxic OPs and the reactivation of AChE, provides insights for the new agents' development. The most expected defense agent is a molecule without toxicity and effective to reactivate AChE inhibited by all neurotoxic OPs. CONCLUSION To develop these new agents, the application of diverse scientific areas of research, especially theoretical procedures as computational science (computer simulation, docking and dynamics), organic synthesis, spectroscopic methodologies, biology, biochemical and biophysical information, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Daniel Figueroa-Villar
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Military Institute of Engineering, 22270- 090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Petronilho
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Military Institute of Engineering, 22270- 090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
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New Estrone Oxime Derivatives: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Evaluation and Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092687. [PMID: 34064380 PMCID: PMC8125528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the introduction of the oxime group in molecules aiming to improve their biological effects is increasing. This work aimed to develop new steroidal oximes of the estrane series with potential antitumor interest. For this, several oximes were synthesized by reaction of hydroxylamine with the 17-ketone of estrone derivatives. Then, their cytotoxicity was evaluated in six cell lines. An estrogenicity assay, a cell cycle distribution analysis and a fluorescence microscopy study with Hoechst 3358 staining were performed with the most promising compound. In addition, molecular docking studies against estrogen receptor α, steroid sulfatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and β-tubulin were also accomplished. The 2-nitroestrone oxime showed higher cytotoxicity than the parent compound on MCF-7 cancer cells. Furthermore, the oximes bearing halogen groups in A-ring evidenced selectivity for HepaRG cells. Remarkably, the Δ9,11-estrone oxime was the most cytotoxic and arrested LNCaP cells in the G2/M phase. Fluorescence microscopy studies showed the presence of condensed DNA typical of prophase and condensed and fragmented nuclei characteristic of apoptosis. However, this oxime promoted the proliferation of T47-D cells. Interestingly, molecular docking studies estimated a strong interaction between Δ9,11-estrone oxime and estrogen receptor α and β-tubulin, which may account for the described effects.
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Isatin containing heterocycles for different biological activities: Analysis of structure activity relationship. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ligand-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and MM-PBSA Calculations towards the Identification of Potential Novel Ricin Inhibitors. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120746. [PMID: 33256167 PMCID: PMC7761309 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin is a toxin found in the castor seeds and listed as a chemical weapon by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) due to its high toxicity combined with the easiness of obtention and lack of available antidotes. The relatively frequent episodes of usage or attempting to use ricin in terrorist attacks reinforce the urge to develop an antidote for this toxin. In this sense, we selected in this work the current RTA (ricin catalytic subunit) inhibitor with the best experimental performance, as a reference molecule for virtual screening in the PubChem database. The selected molecules were then evaluated through docking studies, followed by drug-likeness investigation, molecular dynamics simulations and Molecular Mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) calculations. In every step, the selection of molecules was mainly based on their ability to occupy both the active and secondary sites of RTA, which are located right next to each other, but are not simultaneously occupied by the current RTA inhibitors. Results show that the three PubChem compounds 18309602, 18498053, and 136023163 presented better overall results than the reference molecule itself, showing up as new hits for the RTA inhibition, and encouraging further experimental evaluation.
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Gambino A, Burnett JC, Koide K. Methyl Scanning and Revised Binding Mode of 2-Pralidoxime, an Antidote for Nerve Agent Poisoning. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1893-1898. [PMID: 33062170 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, despite the Chemical Weapons Convention arms control treaty, continue to represent a threat to both military personnel and civilians. 2-Pralidoxime (2-PAM) is currently the only therapeutic countermeasure approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treating OPNA poisoning. However, 2-PAM is not centrally active due to its hydrophilicity and resulting poor blood-brain barrier permeability; hence, these deficiencies warrant the development of more hydrophobic analogs. Specifically, gaps exist in previously published structure activity relationship (SAR) studies for 2-PAM, thereby making it difficult to rationally design novel analogs that are concomitantly more permeable and more efficacious. In this study, we methodically performed a methyl scan on the core pyridinium of 2-PAM to identify ring positions that could tolerate both additional steric bulk and hydrophobicity. Subsequently, SAR-guided molecular docking was used to rationalize hydropathically feasible binding modes for 2-PAM and the reported derivatives. Overall, the data presented herein provide new insights that may facilitate the rational design of more efficacious 2-PAM analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gambino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - James C. Burnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kazunori Koide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Cardozo M, de Almeida JSFD, Cavalcante SFDA, Salgado JRS, Gonçalves AS, França TCC, Kuca K, Bizzo HR. Biodegradation of Organophosphorus Compounds Predicted by Enzymatic Process Using Molecular Modelling and Observed in Soil Samples Through Analytical Techniques and Microbiological Analysis: A Comparison. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010058. [PMID: 31878010 PMCID: PMC6982719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are chemicals widely used as pesticides in different applications such as agriculture and public health (vector control), and some of the highly toxic forms have been used as chemical weapons. After application of OPs in an environment, they persist for a period, suffering a degradation process where the biotic factors are considered the most relevant forms. However, to date, the biodegradation of OP compounds is not well understood. There are a plenty of structure-based biodegradation estimation methods, but none of them consider enzymatic interaction in predicting and better comprehending the differences in the fate of OPs in the environment. It is well known that enzymatic processes are the most relevant processes in biodegradation, and that hydrolysis is the main pathway in the natural elimination of OPs in soil samples. Due to this, we carried out theoretical studies in order to investigate the interactions of these OPs with a chosen enzyme—the phosphotriesterase. This one is characteristic of some soils’ microorganisms, and has been identified as a key player in many biodegradation processes, thanks to its capability for fast hydrolyzing of different OPs. In parallel, we conducted an experiment using native soil in two conditions, sterilized and not sterilized, spiked with specific amounts of two OPs with similar structure—paraoxon-ethyl (PXN) and O-(4-nitrophenyl) O-ethyl methylphosphonate (NEMP). The amount of OP present in the samples and the appearance of characteristic hydrolysis products were periodically monitored for 40 days using analytical techniques. Moreover, the number of microorganisms present was obtained with plate cell count. Our theoretical results were similar to what was achieved in experimental analysis. Parameters calculated by enzymatic hydrolysis were better for PXN than for NEMP. In soil, PXN suffered a faster hydrolysis than NEMP, and the cell count for PXN was higher than for NEMP, highlighting the higher microbiological toxicity of the latter. All these results pointed out that theoretical study can offer a better comprehension of the possible mechanisms involved in real biodegradation processes, showing potential in exploring how biodegradation of OPs relates with enzymatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Cardozo
- Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.F.d.A.C.); (H.R.B.)
- Institute of CBRN Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); Tel.: +55-021-2410-6305 (M.C.)
| | - Joyce S. F. D. de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD) Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (J.S.F.D.d.A.); (T.C.C.F.)
| | - Samir F. de A. Cavalcante
- Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.F.d.A.C.); (H.R.B.)
- Institute of CBRN Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jacqueline R. S. Salgado
- Institute of CBRN Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil;
| | - Arlan S. Gonçalves
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Avenida Ministro Salgado Filho, 1000, Soteco, Vila Velha 29106-010, Espírito Santo, Brazil;
- Federal University of Espirito Santo- Unit Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tanos C. C. França
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACBD) Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (J.S.F.D.d.A.); (T.C.C.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (K.K.); Tel.: +55-021-2410-6305 (M.C.)
| | - Humberto R. Bizzo
- Natural Products Research Institute (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (S.F.d.A.C.); (H.R.B.)
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
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Savall ASP, Fidélis EM, Gutierrez MEZ, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Puntel RL, Roos DH, Ávila DS, Pinton S. Pre‐clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion‐induced toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:399-410. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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In Vitro Evaluation of Neutral Aryloximes as Reactivators for Electrophorus eel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Paraoxon. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100583. [PMID: 31597234 PMCID: PMC6843506 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Casualties caused by organophosphorus pesticides are a burden for health systems in developing and poor countries. Such compounds are potent acetylcholinesterase irreversible inhibitors, and share the toxic profile with nerve agents. Pyridinium oximes are the only clinically available antidotes against poisoning by these substances, but their poor penetration into the blood-brain barrier hampers the efficient enzyme reactivation at the central nervous system. In searching for structural factors that may be explored in future SAR studies, we evaluated neutral aryloximes as reactivators for paraoxon-inhibited Electrophorus eel acetylcholinesterase. Our findings may result into lead compounds, useful for development of more active compounds for emergencies and supportive care.
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Cavalcante SFDA, Kitagawa DAS, Rodrigues RB, Bernardo LB, da Silva TN, Dos Santos WV, Correa ABDA, de Almeida JSFD, França TCC, Kuča K, Simas ABC. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of neutral aryloximes as reactivators of Electrophorus eel acetylcholinesterase inhibited by NEMP, a VX surrogate. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108682. [PMID: 31163137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Casualties caused by nerve agents, potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, have attracted attention from media recently. Poisoning with these chemicals may be fatal if not correctly addressed. Therefore, research on novel antidotes is clearly warranted. Pyridinium oximes are the only clinically available compounds, but poor penetration into the blood-brain barrier hampers efficient enzyme reactivation at the central nervous system. In searching for structural factors that may be explored in SAR studies, we synthesized and evaluated neutral aryloximes as reactivators for acetylcholinesterase inhibited by NEMP, a VX surrogate. Although few tested compounds reached comparable reactivation results with clinical standards, they may be considered as leads for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir F de A Cavalcante
- Brazilian Army Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro, 23020-470, Brazil; Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil; University Castelo Branco (UCB), School of Pharmacy, Avenida Santa Cruz 1631, Rio de Janeiro, 21710-255, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel A S Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACDB), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Rodrigues
- Brazilian Army Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Leandro B Bernardo
- Brazilian Army Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Thiago N da Silva
- University Castelo Branco (UCB), School of Pharmacy, Avenida Santa Cruz 1631, Rio de Janeiro, 21710-255, Brazil
| | - Wellington V Dos Santos
- Emergency and Rescue Department (DSE), Rio de Janeiro State Fire Department (CBMERJ), Praça São Salvador 4, Rio de Janeiro, 22231-170, Brazil; University Universus Veritas (UNIVERITAS), School of Biomedicine, Rua Marquês de Abrantes 55, Rio de Janeiro, 22230-060, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz de A Correa
- Brazilian Army Institute of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (IDQBRN), Avenida das Américas 28705, Rio de Janeiro, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Joyce S F D de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACDB), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Tanos C C França
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMACDB), Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro B C Simas
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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