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Nair RR, Seo EW, Hong S, Jung KO, Kim D. Pentafluorobenzene: Promising Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4081-4099. [PMID: 37721519 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pentafluorobenzene (PFB) represents a class of aromatic fluorine compounds employed exclusively across a spectrum of chemical and biological applications. PFBs are credited with developing various chemical synthesis techniques, networks and biopolymers, bioactive materials, and targeted drug delivery systems. The first part of this review delves into recent developments in PFB-derived molecules for diagnostic purposes. In the latter segment, PFB's role in the domain of theragnostic applications is discussed. The review elucidates different mechanisms and interaction strategies applied in leveraging PFBs to formulate diagnostic and theragnostic tools, substantiated by proper examples. The utilization of PFBs emerges as an enabler, facilitating manifold reactions, improving materials' properties, and even opening avenues for explorative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongje Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Brittain WDG, Coxon CR. Perfluoroaryl and Perfluoroheteroaryl Reagents as Emerging New Tools for Peptide Synthesis, Modification and Bioconjugation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103305. [PMID: 34762323 PMCID: PMC9299879 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are becoming increasingly valuable as medicines, diagnostic agents and as tools for biomedical sciences. Much of this has been underpinned by the emergence of new methods for the manipulation and augmentation of native biomolecules. Perfluoroaromatic reagents are perhaps one of the most diverse and exciting tools with which to modify peptides and proteins, due principally to their nucleophilic substitution chemistry, high electron deficiency and the ability for their reactivity to be tuned towards specific nucleophiles. As discussed in this minireview, in recent years, perfluoroaromatic reagents have found applications as protecting groups or activating groups in peptide synthesis and as orthogonal handles for peptide modification. Furthermore, they have applications in chemoselective 'tagging', stapling and bioconjugation of peptides and proteins, as well as tuning of 'drug-like' properties. This review will also explore possible future applications of these reagents in biological chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R. Coxon
- EaStChem School of ChemistryThe University of Edinburgh Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
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3
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Yi W, Sun W, Hu X, Liu C, Jin L. Recent Advance of Ketones Synthesis from Carboxylic Esters. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Banovetz HK, Vickerman KL, David CM, Alkan M, Stanley LM. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene Carboacylation via Ester C–O Bond Activation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3507-3512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley K. Banovetz
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kevin L. Vickerman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Colton M. David
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Levi M. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Slimani I, Mansour L, Özdemir I, Gürbüz N, Hamdi N. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of PEPPSI-type palladium–NHC complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He Z, Wang Z, Ru J, Wang Y, Liu T, Zeng Z. A Strategy for Accessing Aldehydes
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Palladium‐Catalyzed C−O/C−N Bond Cleavage in the Presence of Hydrosilanes. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu He
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Wang
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Ru
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Yıldırım İ, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. Palladium-carbene catalyzed direct arylation of five-membered heteroaromatics. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides Using Well-Defined, Air- and Moisture-Stable Nickel/NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Complexes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Special Issue on N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes in Catalysis, we report the first example of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides catalyzed by well-defined, air- and moisture-stable nickel/NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes. The selective amide bond N–C(O) activation is achieved by half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)Cl] complexes. The following order of reactivity of NHC ligands has been found: IPr > IMes > IPaul ≈ IPr*. Both the neutral and the cationic complexes are efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the reactions are complete in < 1 h at 80 °C. Complete selectivity for the cleavage of exocyclic N-acyl bond has been observed under the experimental conditions. Given the utility of nickel catalysis in activating unreactive bonds, we believe that well-defined and bench-stable [CpNi(NHC)Cl] complexes will find broad application in amide bond and related cross-couplings of bench-stable acyl-electrophiles.
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Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorobenzoates with Alkyl Grignard Reagents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010230. [PMID: 31935934 PMCID: PMC6983197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl benzoates are compounds of high importance in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the iron-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) Kumada cross-coupling of aryl chlorobenzoates with alkyl Grignard reagents. The method is characterized by the use of environmentally benign and sustainable iron salts for cross-coupling in the catalytic system, employing benign urea ligands in the place of reprotoxic NMP (NMP = N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone). It is notable that high selectivity for the cross-coupling is achieved in the presence of hydrolytically-labile and prone to nucleophilic addition phenolic ester C(acyl)-O bonds. The reaction provides access to alkyl-functionalized aryl benzoates. The examination of various O-coordinating ligands demonstrates the high activity of urea ligands in promoting the cross-coupling versus nucleophilic addition to the ester C(acyl)-O bond. The method showcases the functional group tolerance of iron-catalyzed Kumada cross-couplings.
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Li G, Szostak M. Transition-Metal-Free Activation of Amides by N-C Bond Cleavage. CHEM REC 2019; 20:649-659. [PMID: 31833633 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amide bond N-C activation represents a powerful strategy in organic synthesis to functionalize the historically inert amide linkage. This personal account highlights recent remarkable advances in transition-metal-free activation of amides by N-C bond cleavage, focusing on both (1) mechanistic aspects of ground-state-destabilization of the amide bond enabling formation of tetrahedral intermediates directly from amides with unprecedented selectivity, and (2) synthetic utility of the developed transformations. Direct nucleophilic addition to amides enables a myriad of powerful methods for the formation of C-C, C-N, C-O and C-S bonds, providing a straightforward and more synthetically useful alternative to acyl-metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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N-Acylphthalimides: Efficient Acyl Coupling Reagents in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling by N–C Cleavage Catalyzed by Pd–PEPPSI Precatalysts. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a general, highly selective method for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of N-acylphthalimides via N–C(O) acyl cleavage catalyzed by Pd–PEPPSI-type precatalysts. Of broad synthetic interest, the method introduces N-acylphthalimides as new, bench-stable, highly reactive, twist-controlled, amide-based precursors to acyl-metal intermediates. The reaction delivers functionalized biaryl ketones by acylative Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling with readily available boronic acids. Studies demonstrate that cheap, easily prepared, and broadly applicable Pd–PEPPSI-type precatalysts supported by a sterically demanding IPr (1,3-Bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) ancillary ligand provide high yields in this reaction. Preliminary selectivity studies and the effect of Pd–N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) complexes with allyl-type throw-away ligands are described. We expect that N-acylphthalimides will find significant use as amide-based acyl coupling reagents and cross-coupling precursors to acyl-metal intermediates.
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Vemula SR, Chhoun MR, Cook GR. Well-Defined Pre-Catalysts in Amide and Ester Bond Activation. Molecules 2019; 24:E215. [PMID: 30634382 PMCID: PMC6359523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, transition metal catalysis has witnessed a rapid and extensive development. The discovery and development of cross-coupling reactions is considered to be one of the most important advancements in the field of organic synthesis. The design and synthesis of well-defined and bench-stable transition metal pre-catalysts provide a significant improvement over the current catalytic systems in cross-coupling reactions, avoiding excess use of expensive ligands and harsh conditions for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Among various well-defined pre-catalysts, the use of Pd(II)-NHC, particularly, provided new avenues to expand the scope of cross-coupling reactions incorporating unreactive electrophiles, such as amides and esters. The strong σ-donation and tunable steric bulk of NHC ligands in Pd-NHC complexes facilitate oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps enabling the cross-coupling of broad range of amides and esters using facile conditions contrary to the arduous conditions employed under traditional catalytic conditions. Owing to the favorable catalytic activity of Pd-NHC catalysts, a tremendous progress was made in their utilization for cross-coupling reactions via selective acyl C⁻X (X=N, O) bond cleavage. This review highlights the recent advances made in the utilization of well-defined pre-catalysts for C⁻C and C⁻N bond forming reactions via selective amide and ester bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R Vemula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108⁻6050, USA.
| | - Michael R Chhoun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108⁻6050, USA.
| | - Gregory R Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108⁻6050, USA.
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Abstract
Acyl Suzuki cross-coupling involves the coupling of an organoboron reagent with an acyl electrophile (acyl halide, anhydride, ester, amide). This review provides a timely overview of the very important advances that have recently taken place in the acylative Suzuki cross-coupling. Particular emphasis is directed toward the type of acyl electrophiles, catalyst systems and new cross-coupling partners. This review will be of value to synthetic chemists involved in this rapidly developing field of Suzuki cross-coupling as well as those interested in using acylative Suzuki cross-coupling for the synthesis of ketones as a catalytic alternative to stoichiometric nucleophilic additions or Friedel-Crafts reactions.
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