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Kibet S, Kimani NM, Mwanza SS, Mudalungu CM, Santos CBR, Tanga CM. Unveiling the Potential of Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids: Multifaceted Natural Products for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:510. [PMID: 38675469 PMCID: PMC11054903 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products hold immense potential for drug discovery, yet many remain unexplored in vast libraries and databases. In an attempt to fill this gap and meet the growing demand for effective drugs, this study delves into the promising world of ent-kaurane diterpenoids, a class of natural products with huge therapeutic potential. With a dataset of 570 ent-kaurane diterpenoids obtained from the literature, we conducted an in silico analysis, evaluating their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties with a focus on their therapeutic implications. Notably, these natural compounds exhibit drug-like properties, aligning closely with those of FDA-approved drugs, indicating a high potential for drug development. The ranges of the physicochemical parameters were as follows: molecular weights-288.47 to 626.82 g/mol; number of heavy atoms-21 to 44; the number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors-0 to 8 and 1 to 11, respectively; the number of rotatable bonds-0 to 11; fraction Csp3-0.65 to 1; and TPSA-20.23 to 189.53 Ų. Additionally, the majority of these molecules display favorable safety profiles, with only 0.70%, 1.40%, 0.70%, and 46.49% exhibiting mutagenic, tumorigenic, reproduction-enhancing, and irritant properties, respectively. Importantly, ent-kaurane diterpenoids exhibit promising biopharmaceutical properties. Their average lipophilicity is optimal for drug absorption, while over 99% are water-soluble, facilitating delivery. Further, 96.5% and 28.20% of these molecules exhibited intestinal and brain bioavailability, expanding their therapeutic reach. The predicted pharmacological activities of these compounds encompass a diverse range, including anticancer, immunosuppressant, chemoprotective, anti-hepatic, hepatoprotectant, anti-inflammation, antihyperthyroidism, and anti-hepatitis activities. This multi-targeted profile highlights ent-kaurane diterpenoids as highly promising candidates for further drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Kibet
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya; (S.K.); (S.S.M.)
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | - Njogu M. Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya; (S.K.); (S.S.M.)
- Natural Product Chemistry and Computational Drug Discovery Laboratory, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya
| | - Syombua S. Mwanza
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya; (S.K.); (S.S.M.)
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | - Cynthia M. Mudalungu
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Modelling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
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Hong Minh PT, Hoai Van TT, Toan TQ, Bui LM, Thuan Anh NH, Quan PM. Identification of Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoid Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of the PI3K Pathway in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Through Molecular Docking Simulations. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211033211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual mortality of 8.2 million could be attributable to cancer globally, posing a serious health issue; particularly, the high number of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed cases in recent years highlight the need for development in anticancer agents. In NSCLC, a number of specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin are currently under development; however, the early evidence has yielded disappointing results. Ent-kaurane diterpenoid compounds from Cronton tonkinensis have been investigated for several bioactivities such as antibacterial, cytotoxic activity, and so on;; however, lung cancer is not yet studied. In this study, we conducted a molecular docking study of 7 ent-kaurane diterpenoids from C tonkinensis against PI3K targeted anticancer therapies; furthermore, their cytotoxicity effects against A549 lung cancer cells were also evaluated. Obtained results indicated that compounds 7, 6, 2, and 1 exhibited significant inhibitory results in comparison to the reference drug oxaliplatin which suggests further in vitro assay for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham T. Hong Minh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Tran T. Hoai Van
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
- Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Q. Toan
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Le M. Bui
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen H. Thuan Anh
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham M. Quan
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi City, Vietnam
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Liu Z, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang P, Wang Y. Structural Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of a Plant Diterpene Glycosyltransferase SrUGT76G1. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100004. [PMID: 33404544 PMCID: PMC7747997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 from Stevia rebaudiana (SrUGT76G1) is key to the generation of economically important steviol glycosides (SGs), a group of natural sweeteners with high-intensity sweetness. SrUGT76G1 accommodates a wide range of steviol-derived substrates and many other small molecules. We report here the crystal structures of SrUGT76G1 in complex with multiple ligands to answer how this enzyme recognizes diterpenoid aglycones and catalyzes the 1,3-sugar chain branching. A spacious pocket for sugar-acceptor binding was observed from the determined SrUGT76G1 structures, which can explain its broad substrate spectrum. Residues Gly87 and Leu204 lining the pocket play key roles in switching between diterpenoid and flavonoid glucosylation. An engineered mutant of SrUGT76G1, T284S, could catalyze a selectively increased production of next-generation sweetener rebaudioside M, with diminished side product of rebaudioside I. Taken together, these resutls provide significant insights into molecular basis of the substrate specificity of scarcely documented diterpenoid glycosyltransferases and would facilitate the structure-guided glycoengineering to produce diversified diterpenoids with new activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianxu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author
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Liu JP, Xiao YZ, Hu Y, Li XN, Wu MJ, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Ma ZJ, Shen J. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of neolaxiflorin B inspired compounds. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3021-3028. [PMID: 31692523 PMCID: PMC6712212 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s202345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Neolaxiflorin B is derived from ent-kaurane like laxiflorin J and eriocalyxin B with a relatively low potency as an antitumor agent. During preliminary structure-activity relationship studies, the α,β-unsaturated ketone (enone) system is an important active group. Methods Seven neolaxiflorin B derivatives containing α,β-unsaturated ketone moieties were synthesized. In vitro, activity was evaluated against three human tumor cell lines and a rat myogenic cell line (HepG2, NSCLC-H292, SNU-1040, and L6, respectively) by MTT assay. Results Compound 15 appeared a promising antitumor lead due to its cytotoxic potency and relatively high selectivity, with an SI value of 13.14. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to show that NSCLC-H292 cells were blocked in the G0/G1 phase in the presence of compound 15, thus inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. Conclusion This study has revealed that compound 15 is a promising antitumor lead due to the cytotoxic potencies and the high selectivity it displayed when compared to natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Zhi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jiang Wu
- Criminal Science and Technology Key Lab of Yunnan Police College, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
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Riaz A, Saleem B, Hussain G, Sarfraz I, Nageen B, Zara R, Manzoor M, Rasul A. Eriocalyxin B Biological Activity: A Review on Its Mechanism of Action. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, a rich source of bioactive chemical compounds, have served humans as a safer drug of choice since times. Eriocalyxin B, an ent-Kaurene diterpenoid, has been extracted from a traditional Chinese herb Isodon eriocalyx. Experimental data support the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of EriB. This natural entity exhibits anticancer effects against breast, pancreatic, leukemia, ovarian, lung, bladder, and colorectal cancer. EriB has capability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by prompting apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, and modulating cell signaling pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways in cancerous cells by EriB involves the modulation of various apoptosis-related factors (Bak, Bax, caspases, XIAP, survivin, and Beclin-1), transcriptional factors (nuclear factor kappa B [NF-κB], STAT3, Janus-activated kinase 2, Notch, AP-1, and lκBα), enzymes (cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP-2], MMP-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), cytokines, and protein kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK1/2). This review proposes that EriB supplies a novel opportunity for the cure of cancer but supplementary investigations along with preclinical trials are obligatory to effectively figure out its biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bisma Saleem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nageen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zara
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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