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Holiski CK, Payne R, Wang MJV, Sjoden GE, Mastren T. Adsorption of terbium (III) on DGA and LN resins: Thermodynamics, isotherms, and kinetics. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465211. [PMID: 39142166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Two commercially available extraction chromatography (EXC) resins containing N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide (DGA Resin, Normal, 50 - 100 μm) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (LN Resin, 100 - 150 μm) were used as adsorbents to study fundamental adsorption properties such as thermodynamic values, equilibrium isotherms, and kinetic uptake models for terbium(III) adsorption. Weight distribution ratios (Dw) for terbium on DGA and LN resins were measured using a [160Tb]Tb3+radiometric tracer in nitric acid as a function of acidity, temperature, initial analyte concentration, and equilibrium time. The Dw values showed increasing binding affinity for DGA resin at high nitric acid concentrations and decreasing binding affinity for LN resins. Thermodynamic studies for DGA and LN resins revealed that the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) increased consistently with temperature. To model equilibrium data, increasingly higher parameter equilibrium isotherm models (Henry (1) < Langmuir, Freundlich (2) < Redlich-Peterson (3) < Fritz-Schluender (4)) were compared on their root mean squared errors (RMSE) and adjusted determination coefficients to determine the most applicable model. In all cases, the empirical four-parameter Fritz-Schluender isotherm demonstrated a superior fit. Similar comparisons for reaction-based kinetic models (Pseudo-first-order < Pseudo-second-order < Pseudo-n-order) revealed that the higher-order PNO model yielded a superior fit of kinetic data for both resins. However, in some cases, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models could also be modeled by a lower-order model with minimal change in error parameters. Weber-Morris plots revealed that two linear sections are observed for each resin, where the first linear segment is attributed to fast (film diffusion) adsorption of terbium, followed by slower intraparticle diffusion of terbium through the pores as the rate-limiting step. Based on the Weber-Morris plot, both film and intraparticle diffusion are involved in controlling the kinetic rate of adsorption for DGA and LN resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor K Holiski
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr. Rm 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Rachel Payne
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr. Rm 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Meng-Jen Vince Wang
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr. Rm 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Glenn E Sjoden
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr. Rm 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Tara Mastren
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 Central Campus Dr. Rm 2000, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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Dyer MR, Jing Z, Duncan K, Godbe J, Shokeen M. Advancements in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine applications in the treatment of bone metastases. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 130-131:108879. [PMID: 38340369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastases are a painful and complex condition that overwhelmingly impacts the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients. Over the years, nuclear medicine has made remarkable progress in the diagnosis and management of bone metastases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis and management of bone metastases. Furthermore, the review explores the role of targeted radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine for bone metastases, focusing on radiolabeled molecules that are designed to selectively target biomarkers associated with bone metastases, including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and metastatic cells. The applications of radionuclide-based therapies, such as strontium-89 (Sr-89) and radium-223 (Ra-223), are also discussed. This review also highlights the potential of theranostic approaches for bone metastases, enabling personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient characteristics. Importantly, the clinical applications and outcomes of nuclear medicine in osseous metastatic disease are discussed. This includes the assessment of treatment response, predictive and prognostic value of imaging biomarkers, and the impact of nuclear medicine on patient management and outcomes. The review identifies current challenges and future perspectives on the role of nuclear medicine in treating bone metastases. It addresses limitations in imaging resolution, radiotracer availability, radiation safety, and the need for standardized protocols. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and advancements in imaging technology, radiopharmaceutical development, and integration of nuclear medicine with other treatment modalities. In summary, advancements in nuclear medicine have significantly improved the diagnosis and management of osseous metastatic disease and future developements in the integration of innovative imaging modalities, targeted radiopharmaceuticals, radionuclide production, theranostic approaches, and advanced image analysis techniques hold great promise in improving patient outcomes and enhancing personalized care for individuals with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Dyer
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhenghan Jing
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Duncan
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacqueline Godbe
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Wang IE, Brooks AF, Clark M, Morrissette LJ, Scott PJH. Improved purification of cyclotron [ 68Ga]GaCl 3 for the production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 130-131:108892. [PMID: 38447298 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased demand for NetSpot and Illuccix as requirement to receive the respective Lutathera and Pluvicto radiotherapies, and monitor subsequent response to treatment, have reinforced the need to develop alternative ways of producing gallium-68 (68Ga). Building on our efforts to produce 68Ga in a liquid target on a GE PETtrace, the goal of this work is to modify the current GE Gallium Chloride cassette using the FASTLab 2 synthesis module to produce [68Ga]GaCl3 equivalent to a 1.85 GBq generator and demonstrate compatibility with FDA-approved kits for production of 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS 68Ga was produced in a liquid target via the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga reaction. 68Ga was loaded onto various sizes of ZR resins (ZR Load, 0.3 mL, 1 mL, or 2 mL). The loading efficiency was determined using a dose calibrator. After washing with HNO3, 1.75 M HCl was used to elute the ZR Load resin through various sizes of a second ZR resin (ZR CG, 0 mL, 2 mL, 4 mL). Using 0.5 mL fractions, the elution profile was determined. Compatibility of the [68Ga]GaCl3 with NetSpot and Illuccix kits was investigated. Radiochemical purity (RCP) and 4 h stability were determined using radioTLC and radioHPLC. Using a modified [68Ga]GaCl3 cassette and new FASTLab program, 6 validation preparations were conducted using NetSpot and Illuccix kits for which RCP, stability, sterility and suitability were determined. Dual irradiation of 2 liquid targets was also performed, which was used to simultaneously prepare 1 NetSpot and 2 Illuccix kits by diluting the required activity with 0.1 M HCl. RESULTS The commercially available GE Cassette gave low RCP using commercial FDA kits. To optimize this, the loading efficiency onto ZR Load and the ratio of ZR resin used to load the initial activity and subsequent elution were explored. When using a 2:4 ratio of ZR Load to ZR CG, 97.89 % RCP was observed when a 3.8 mL [68Ga]GaCl3 solution was used. For Dotatate validation, 0.55 mL of buffer was added to 4.2 mL of [68Ga]GaCl3 which gave 1.35 GBq of formulated product. For Illuccix validation, [68Ga]GaCl3 was added to 2.5 mL of buffer which gave 1.52 GBq of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Formulated products passed package insert quality control (QC) requirements. When dual target irradiations were performed, 2.84 GBq was delivered to an external vial and used to label 1 NetSpot and 2 Illuccix kits simultaneously, and each kit also met or exceeded established QC criteria. CONCLUSION Methods are reported for using cyclotron-produced 68Ga from a liquid target in conjunction with FDA-approved NetSpot and Illucix kits. By employing a 2 mL ZR Load resin with a 4 mL ZR CG resin, adequate resolution between residual 68Zn and desired 68Ga was achieved. By modifying the FASTLab procedure to retain the final 2.5 mL of eluate from the ZR CG resin, [68Ga]GaCl3 equivalent to a new 1.85 GBq generator was obtained. This was suitable for labeling NetSpot and Illucix kits, resulting in high incorporation of 68Ga (RCP >95 %), which has not previously been demonstrated. Delivering [68Ga]GaCl3 into an external vial and diluting with 0.1 M HCl makes it possible to prepare multiple kits simultaneously. These new procedures should facilitate use of cyclotron-produced [68Ga]GaCl3 for clinical production going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan E Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St. 2276 Medical Science I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St. 2276 Medical Science I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Mara Clark
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St. 2276 Medical Science I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Luke J Morrissette
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St. 2276 Medical Science I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St. 2276 Medical Science I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America.
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Sheha RR, Sheta SM, Hamouda MA, El-Sheikh SM, Kandil AT, Ali OI. A comprehensive study for the potential removal of 152+154Eu radionuclides using a promising modified strontium-based MOF. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 270:107287. [PMID: 37677908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile modification of a strontium-based MOF using oxalic acid was carried out to prepare MTSr-OX MOF, which was used as a potential substance for eliminating 152+154Eu radioisotopes. Various analytical techniques were used to characterize MTSr-OX-MOF. The prepared MOF had a rod-like structure with a BET surface area of 101.55 m2 g-1. Batch sorption experiments were used to investigate the sorption performance of MTSr-OX-MOF towards 152+154Eu radionuclides where different parameters like pH, contact time, initial 152+154Eu concentration, ionic strength, and temperature were scrutinized to determine the optimum conditions for 152+154Eu removal. MTSr-OX-MOF showed superior effectiveness in the elimination of 152+154Eu with a maximum sorption capacity of 234.72 mg g-1 at pH 3.5. Kinetics fitted with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model correctly described the sorption mechanism. The thermodynamic variables were carefully examined, demonstrating that the 152+154Eu sorption was endothermic as well as spontaneous. The MTSr-OX-MOF has been found to be a significantly more effective sorbent towards 152+154Eu than that of many other adsorbents. When applied to real active waste, MTSr-OX-MOF demonstrated excellent removal performance for a wide range of radionuclides. As a result, the MTSr-OX-MOF can be recognized as an attractive solution for the 152+154Eu purification from active waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda R Sheha
- Nuclear Chem. Dept., Hot Lab Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P. O. 13759, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sheta M Sheta
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Hamouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Said M El-Sheikh
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Central Metallurgical R & D Institute, Cairo, 11421, Egypt
| | - A T Kandil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Omnia I Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Wolters KD, Dietz ML. Characterization of a solid-supported aqueous biphasic system for the sorption of dyes from aqueous solution. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464215. [PMID: 37480724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous biphasic system (ABS) comprising solutions of ammonium sulfate and polyethylene glycol-2000 (PEG-2000) in which the latter is supported on a porous polymeric substrate (Amberlite XAD-16) has been characterized by examining its performance in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Comparison of its behavior to that of a commercial sorbent (ABEC) consisting of a polyethylene glycol covalently bound to a polymer support indicates that the capacity, uptake kinetics, and efficiency of the supported ABS are comparable or superior to that of the ABEC resin. In addition, results obtained at various PEG-2000 concentrations and with PEGs of a range of molecular weights demonstrate that in contrast to ABEC resin, the behavior of a supported ABS can be readily "tuned" to provide the desired dye retention. The relative retention of various dyes is not generally predictable from their behavior in an analogous liquid-liquid system, however, the apparent result of synergistic effects between the XAD-16 support and the PEG phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Wolters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Mark L Dietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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Trapp S, Lammers T, Engudar G, Hoehr C, Denkova AG, Paulssen E, de Kruijff RM. Membrane-based microfluidic solvent extraction of Ga-68 from aqueous Zn solutions: towards an automated cyclotron production loop. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 37147500 PMCID: PMC10163183 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radionuclide Ga-68 is commonly used in nuclear medicine, specifically in positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, the interest in producing Ga-68 by cyclotron irradiation of [68Zn]Zn nitrate liquid targets is increasing. However, current purification methods of Ga-68 from the target solution consist of multi-step procedures, thus, leading to a significant loss of activity through natural decay. Additionally, several processing steps are needed to recycle the costly, enriched target material. RESULTS To eventually allow switching from batch to continuous production, conventional batch extraction and membrane-based microfluidic extraction were compared. In both approaches, Ga-68 was extracted using N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine in chloroform as the organic extracting phase. Extraction efficiencies of up to 99.5% ± 0.6% were achieved within 10 min, using the batch approach. Back-extraction of Ga-68 into 2 M HCl was accomplished within 1 min with efficiencies of up to 94.5% ± 0.6%. Membrane-based microfluidic extraction achieved 99.2% ± 0.3% extraction efficiency and 95.8% ± 0.8% back-extraction efficiency into 6 M HCl. When executed on a solution irradiated with a 13 MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF, Canada, comparable efficiencies of 97.0% ± 0.4% were achieved. Zn contamination in the back-extracted Ga-68 solution was found to be below 3 ppm. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidic solvent extraction is a promising method in the production of Ga-68 achieving high efficiencies in a short amount of time, potentially allowing for direct target recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Trapp
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Lammers
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gokce Engudar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Antonia G Denkova
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Paulssen
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Aachen University of Applied Science, Juelich, Germany
| | - Robin M de Kruijff
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Boschi A, Martini P. Metal-Based Radiopharmaceuticals in Inorganic Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:2290. [PMID: 36903534 PMCID: PMC10005725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of radiopharmaceuticals is constantly evolving thanks to the great contribution of specialists coming from different disciplines such as inorganic chemistry, radiochemistry, organic and biochemistry, pharmacology, nuclear medicine, physics, etc [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Boschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Petra Martini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Qaim SM, Spahn I, Scholten B, Spellerberg S, Neumaier B. The role of chemistry in accelerator-based production and separation of radionuclides as basis for radiolabelled compounds for medical applications. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiochemical separations used in large scale routine production of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides at a particle accelerator for patient care are briefly outlined. The role of chemistry at various stages of development of a production route of a novel radionuclide, namely nuclear data measurement, high-current targetry, chemical processing and quality control of the product, is discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to production of non-standard positron emitters (e.g. 44gSc, 64Cu, 68Ga, etc.) at a cyclotron and novel therapeutic radionuclides (e.g. 67Cu, 225Ac, etc.) at an accelerator. Some typical examples of radiochemical methods involved are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernhard Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Stefan Spellerberg
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
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Bernardes E, Caravan P, van Dam RM, Deuther-Conrad W, Ellis B, Furumoto S, Guillet B, Huang YY, Jia H, Laverman P, Li Z, Liu Z, Lodi F, Miao Y, Perk L, Schirrmacher R, Vercoullie J, Yang H, Yang M, Yang X, Zhang J, Zhang MR, Zhu H. Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:9. [PMID: 35471681 PMCID: PMC9043146 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biyearly highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development.
Results This commentary of highlights has resulted in 23 different topics selected by each member of the Editorial Board addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first in man application of novel radiopharmaceuticals and also a contribution in relation to MRI-agents is included. Conclusion Trends in (radio)chemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted demonstrating the progress in the research field being the scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Caravan
- Massuchusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Leipzig, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Beverley Ellis
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Ya-Yao Huang
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Perk
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Min Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Hua Zhu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Highly Efficient Micro-Scale Liquid-Liquid In-Flow Extraction of 99mTc from Molybdenum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185699. [PMID: 34577170 PMCID: PMC8464863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend to achieve even more compact-sized systems is leading to the development of micro-scale reactors (lab-on-chip) in the field of radiochemical separation and radiopharmaceutical production. Technetium-99m extraction from both high and low specific activity molybdenum could be simply performed by MEK-driven solvent extraction if it were not for unpractical automation. The aim of this work is to develop a solvent extraction and separation process of technetium from molybdenum in a micro-scale in-flow chemistry regime with the aid of a capillary loop and a membrane-based separator, respectively. The developed system is able to extract and separate quantitatively and selectively (91.0 ± 1.8% decay corrected) the [99mTc]TcO4Na in about 20 min, by using a ZAIPUT separator device. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time in our knowledge the high efficiency of a MEK-based solvent extraction process of 99mTc from a molybdenum-based liquid phased in an in-flow micro-scale regime.
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11
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Exploring competitive metal binding and crystallization of UO22+ and Cu2+ tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Gérardy R, Debecker DP, Estager J, Luis P, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous Flow Upgrading of Selected C 2-C 6 Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7219-7347. [PMID: 32667196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing industrial production of commodity and specialty chemicals inexorably depletes the finite primary fossil resources available on Earth. The forecast of population growth over the next 3 decades is a very strong incentive for the identification of alternative primary resources other than petro-based ones. In contrast with fossil resources, renewable biomass is a virtually inexhaustible reservoir of chemical building blocks. Shifting the current industrial paradigm from almost exclusively petro-based resources to alternative bio-based raw materials requires more than vibrant political messages; it requires a profound revision of the concepts and technologies on which industrial chemical processes rely. Only a small fraction of molecules extracted from biomass bears significant chemical and commercial potentials to be considered as ubiquitous chemical platforms upon which a new, bio-based industry can thrive. Owing to its inherent assets in terms of unique process experience, scalability, and reduced environmental footprint, flow chemistry arguably has a major role to play in this context. This review covers a selection of C2 to C6 bio-based chemical platforms with existing commercial markets including polyols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, xylitol, and sorbitol), furanoids (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, itaconic acid, and levulinic acid). The aim of this review is to illustrate the various aspects of upgrading bio-based platform molecules toward commodity or specialty chemicals using new process concepts that fall under the umbrella of continuous flow technology and that could change the future perspectives of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Gérardy
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julien Estager
- Certech, Rue Jules Bordet 45, Zone Industrielle C, B-7180 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Patricia Luis
- Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Continuous-flow purification of silver nanoparticles and its integration with flow synthesis. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chow E, Raguse B, Della Gaspera E, Barrow SJ, Hong J, Hubble LJ, Chai R, Cooper JS, Sosa Pintos A. Flow-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles in a biphasic system with inline liquid–liquid separation. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Dimethylaminopyridine-stabilised gold nanoparticles are synthesised in a biphasic flow reactor system using organic/aqueous membrane separators and gas-permeable tubing.
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