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Ueki A, Harada S, Aoyagi M, Matsumoto H, Ueda R, Mizuguchi K, Méhes G, Nagamine K. Electric wiring of bacteria using redox polymers and selective measurement of metabolic activity in the presence of surrounding planktonic bacteria. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108779. [PMID: 39003947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-electroactive bacteria (n-EAB), constituting the majority of known bacteria to date, have been underutilized in electrochemical conversion technologies due to their lack of direct electron transfer to electrodes. In this study, we established an electric wiring between n-EAB (gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Escherichia coli) and an extracellular electrode via a ferrocene-polyethyleneimine-based redox polymer (Fc-PEI). Chronoamperometry recordings indicated that Fc-PEI can transfer intracellular electrons to the extracellular electrode regardless of the molecular organization of PEI (linear or branched) and the membrane structure of bacteria (gram-positive or -negative). As fluorescence staining suggested, Fc-PEI improves the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, enabling electron carriers in the cell to react with Fc. In addition, experiments with Fc-immobilized electrodes without PEI suggested the existence of an alternative electron transfer pathway from B. subtilis to the extracellular Fc adsorbed onto the cell membrane. Furthermore, we proposed for the first time that the bacteria/Fc-linear PEI modified structure enables selective measurement of immobilized bacterial activity by physically blocking contact between the electrode surface and planktonic cells co-existing in the surrounding media. Such electrodes can be a powerful analytical tool for elucidating the metabolic activities of specific bacteria wired to the electrode even within complex bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoba Ueki
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shoi Harada
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Marika Aoyagi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Riku Ueda
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Mizuguchi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, 2-7 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Nagamine
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymeric and Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
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2
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Li H, E W, Zhao D, Liu H, Pei J, Du B, Liu K, Zhu X, Wang C. Response of Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2 to the stress of polymyxin B and a key ABC transporter YwjA involved. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:17. [PMID: 38170316 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymyxins are cationic peptide antibiotics and regarded as the "final line of defense" against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Meanwhile, some polymyxin-resistant strains and the corresponding resistance mechanisms have also been reported. However, the response of the polymyxin-producing strain Paenibacillus polymyxa to polymyxin stress remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress response of gram-positive P. polymyxa SC2 to polymyxin B and to identify functional genes involved in the stress response process. Polymyxin B treatment upregulated the expression of genes related to basal metabolism, transcriptional regulation, transport, and flagella formation and increased intracellular ROS levels, flagellar motility, and biofilm formation in P. polymyxa SC2. Adding magnesium, calcium, and iron alleviated the stress of polymyxin B on P. polymyxa SC2, furthermore, magnesium and calcium could improve the resistance of P. polymyxa SC2 to polymyxin B by promoting biofilm formation. Meanwhile, functional identification of differentially expressed genes indicated that an ABC superfamily transporter YwjA was involved in the stress response to polymyxin B of P. polymyxa SC2. This study provides an important reference for improving the resistance of P. polymyxa to polymyxins and increasing the yield of polymyxins. KEY POINTS: • Phenotypic responses of P. polymyxa to polymyxin B was performed and indicated by RNA-seq • Forming biofilm was a key strategy of P. polymyxa to alleviate polymyxin stress • ABC transporter YwjA was involved in the stress resistance of P. polymyxa to polymyxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wenhui E
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dongying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jian Pei
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Binghai Du
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xueming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbia Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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3
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Pacheco F, Barrera A, Ciro Y, Polo-Cerón D, Salamanca CH, Oñate-Garzón J. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Cross-Linked with Phytic Acid and Loaded with Colistin against Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1115. [PMID: 39339153 PMCID: PMC11435368 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural evolution of microorganisms, as well as the inappropriate use of medicines, have accelerated the problem of drug resistance to many of the antibiotics employed today. Colistin, a lipopeptide antibiotic used as a last resort against multi-resistant strains, has also begun to present these challenges. Therefore, this study was focused on establishing whether colistin associated with chitosan nanoparticles could improve its antibiotic activity on an extremely resistant clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a clinically relevant Gram-negative bacterium. For this aim, nanoparticulate systems based on phytic acid cross-linked chitosan and loaded with colistin were prepared by the ionic gelation method. The characterization included particle size, polydispersity index-PDI, and zeta potential measurements, as well as thermal (DSC) and spectrophotometric (FTIR) analysis. Encapsulation efficiency was assessed by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method, while the antimicrobial evaluation was made following the CLSI guidelines. The results showed that colistin-loaded nanoparticles were monodispersed (PDI = 0.196) with a particle size of around 266 nm and a positive zeta potential (+33.5 mV), and were able to associate with around 65.8% of colistin and decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration from 16 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL. These results suggest that the association of antibiotics with nanostructured systems could be an interesting alternative to recover the antimicrobial activity on resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pacheco
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Yhors Ciro
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Dorian Polo-Cerón
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Catálisis y Procesos (LICAP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760001, Colombia
| | - Constain H Salamanca
- Grupo de Investigación Biopolimer, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de Materiales Avanzados, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Cra. 65 #59a-110, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - José Oñate-Garzón
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
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4
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Hurtová M, Brdová D, Křížkovská B, Tedeschi G, Nejedlý T, Strnad O, Dobiasová S, Osifová Z, Kroneislová G, Lipov J, Valentová K, Viktorová J, Křen V. Nitrogen-Containing Flavonoids-Preparation and Biological Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34938-34950. [PMID: 39157108 PMCID: PMC11325505 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the application of Buchwald-Hartwig amination for the preparation of new derivatives of quercetin and luteolin. Our investigation delves into the impact of aniline moiety on antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity, and the ability of flavonoids to modulate drug-resistance mechanisms in bacteria. The anti-inflammatory activity disappeared after the introduction of aniline into the flavonoids and the cytotoxicity remained low. Although the ability of quercetin and luteolin to modulate bacterial resistance to antibiotics has already been published, this is the first report on the molecular mechanism of this process. Both flavonoids attenuate erythromycin resistance by suppressing the ribosomal methyltransferase encoded by the ermA gene in Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, 4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino quercetin emerged as a potent ErmA inhibitor, likely by interacting with the RNA-binding pocket of ErmA. Additionally, both 4-fluoroanilino derivatives effectively impended the staphylococcal efflux system. All the prepared derivatives exhibited superior activity in modulating gentamicin resistance in S. aureus compared to the parent compounds. Overall, the incorporation of substituted anilines into the flavonoid core significantly enhanced its ability to combat multidrug resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hurtová
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Brdová
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Bára Křížkovská
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Guglielmo Tedeschi
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Nejedlý
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strnad
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Dobiasová
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Osifová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kroneislová
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and ATB Center, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the
General University Hospital and of The First Faculty of Medicine of
Charles University, U
Nemocnice 2, Prague 2 128
08, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lipov
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorová
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute
of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
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5
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Kachan AV, Evtushenkov AN. The CssRS two-component system of Bacillus subtilis contributes to teicoplanin and polymyxin B response. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01179-8. [PMID: 38847924 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
CssRS is a two-component system that plays a pivotal role in mediating the secretion stress response in Bacillus subtilis. This system upregulates the synthesis of membrane-bound HtrA family proteases that cope with misfolded proteins that accumulate within the cell envelope as a result of overexpression or heat shock. Recent studies have shown the induction of CssRS-regulated genes in response to cell envelope stress. We investigated the induction of the CssRS-regulated htrA promoter in the presence of different cell wall- and membrane-active substances and observed induction of the CssRS-controlled genes by glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), polymyxins B and E, certain β-lactams, and detergents. Teicoplanin was shown to elicit remarkably stronger induction than vancomycin and polymyxin B. Teicoplanin and polymyxin B induced the spxO gene expression in a CssRS-dependent fashion, resulting in increased activity of Spx, a master regulator of disulfide stress in Bacillus subtilis. The CssRS signaling pathway and Spx activity were demonstrated to be involved in Bacillus subtilis resistance to teicoplanin and polymyxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V Kachan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
- Center of Analytical and Genetic Engineering Research, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Str., 2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Anatoly N Evtushenkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
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6
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Padhy I, Dwibedy SK, Mohapatra SS. A molecular overview of the polymyxin-LPS interaction in the context of its mode of action and resistance development. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127679. [PMID: 38508087 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
With the rising incidences of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the diminishing options of novel antimicrobial agents, it is paramount to decipher the molecular mechanisms of action and the emergence of resistance to the existing drugs. Polymyxin, a cationic antimicrobial lipopeptide, is used to treat infections by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens as a last option. Though polymyxins were identified almost seventy years back, their use has been restricted owing to toxicity issues in humans. However, their clinical use has been increasing in recent times resulting in the rise of polymyxin resistance. Moreover, the detection of "mobile colistin resistance (mcr)" genes in the environment and their spread across the globe have complicated the scenario. The mechanism of polymyxin action and the development of resistance is not thoroughly understood. Specifically, the polymyxin-bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interaction is a challenging area of investigation. The use of advanced biophysical techniques and improvement in molecular dynamics simulation approaches have furthered our understanding of this interaction, which will help develop polymyxin analogs with better bactericidal effects and lesser toxicity in the future. In this review, we have delved deeper into the mechanisms of polymyxin-LPS interactions, highlighting several models proposed, and the mechanisms of polymyxin resistance development in some of the most critical Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Padhy
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Sambit K Dwibedy
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Saswat S Mohapatra
- Molecular Microbiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India.
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7
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Mondal AH, Khare K, Saxena P, Debnath P, Mukhopadhyay K, Yadav D. A Review on Colistin Resistance: An Antibiotic of Last Resort. Microorganisms 2024; 12:772. [PMID: 38674716 PMCID: PMC11051878 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant global public health issue, driven by the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Colistin, previously regarded as a last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly becoming resistant due to chromosomal mutations and the acquisition of resistance genes carried by plasmids, particularly the mcr genes. The mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) was first discovered in E. coli from China in 2016. Since that time, studies have reported different variants of mcr genes ranging from mcr-1 to mcr-10, mainly in Enterobacteriaceae from various parts of the world, which is a major concern for public health. The co-presence of colistin-resistant genes with other antibiotic resistance determinants further complicates treatment strategies and underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving colistin resistance and monitoring its global prevalence are essential steps in addressing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and preserving the efficacy of existing antibiotics. This review underscores the critical role of colistin as a last-choice antibiotic, elucidates the mechanisms of colistin resistance and the dissemination of resistant genes, explores the global prevalence of mcr genes, and evaluates the current detection methods for colistin-resistant bacteria. The objective is to shed light on these key aspects with strategies for combating the growing threat of resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Hossain Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India; (A.H.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Kriti Khare
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.K.); (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Prachika Saxena
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.K.); (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Parbati Debnath
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India; (A.H.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Kasturi Mukhopadhyay
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.K.); (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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8
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Arteaga JE, Rivera-Becerril E, Le Borgne S, Sigala JC. Influence of furfural on the physiology of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae059. [PMID: 39076007 PMCID: PMC11384913 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass produces growth inhibitory substances such as furfural which is toxic to microorganisms. Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 cannot use furfural as a carbon source, instead it biotransforms this compound into difurfuryl ether using the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent dehydrogenases AreB and FrmA during aerobic acetate catabolism. However, NADH consumption for furfural biotransformation compromises aerobic growth of A. baylyi ADP1. Depending on the growth phase, several genes related to acetate catabolism and oxidative phosphorylation changed their expression indicating that central metabolic pathways were affected by the presence of furfural. During the exponential growth phase, reactions involved in the formation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) (icd gene) and NADH (sfcA gene) were preferred when furfural was present. Therefore a higher NADH and NADPH production might support furfural biotransformation and biomass production, respectively. In contrast, in the stationary growth phase genes of the glyoxylate shunt were overexpressed probably to save carbon compounds for biomass formation, and only NADH regeneration was appreciated. Finally, disruption of the frmA or areB gene in A. baylyi ADP1 led to a decrease in growth adaptation and in the capacity to biotransform furfural. The characterization of this physiological behavior clarifies the impact of furfural in Acinetobacter metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Arteaga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Ciudad de México, C.P. 05348, México
| | - Ernesto Rivera-Becerril
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Ciudad de México, C.P. 05348, México
| | - Sylvie Le Borgne
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Ciudad de México, C.P. 05348, México
| | - Juan-Carlos Sigala
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Ciudad de México, C.P. 05348, México
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9
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Chen Y, Ying Y, Lalsiamthara J, Zhao Y, Imani S, Li X, Liu S, Wang Q. From bacteria to biomedicine: Developing therapies exploiting NAD + metabolism. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106974. [PMID: 37984103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) serves as a critical cofactor in cellular metabolism and redox reactions. Bacterial pathways rely on NAD+ participation, where its stability and concentration govern essential homeostasis and functions. This review delves into the role and metabolic regulation of NAD+ in bacteria, highlighting its influence on physiology and virulence. Notably, we explore enzymes linked to NAD+ metabolism as antibacterial drug targets and vaccine candidates. Moreover, we scrutinize NAD+'s medical potential, offering insights for its application in biomedicine. This comprehensive assessment informs future research directions in the dynamic realm of NAD+ and its biomedical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ying
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Hong S, Su S, Gao Q, Chen M, Xiao L, Cui R, Guo Y, Xue Y, Wang D, Niu J, Huang H, Zhao X. Enhancement of β-Lactam-Mediated Killing of Gram-Negative Bacteria by Lysine Hydrochloride. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0119823. [PMID: 37310274 PMCID: PMC10434284 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01198-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread bacterial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is rapidly depleting our antimicrobial arsenal. Adjuvants that enhance the bactericidal activity of existing antibiotics provide a way to alleviate the resistance crisis, as new antimicrobials are becoming increasingly difficult to develop. The present work with Escherichia coli revealed that neutralized lysine (lysine hydrochloride) enhances the bactericidal activity of β-lactams in addition to increasing bacteriostatic activity. When combined, lysine hydrochloride and β-lactam increased expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; as expected, agents known to mitigate bactericidal effects of ROS reduced lethality from the combination treatment. Lysine hydrochloride had no enhancing effect on the lethal action of fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Characterization of a tolerant mutant indicated involvement of the FtsH/HflkC membrane-embedded protease complex in lethality enhancement. The tolerant mutant, which carried a V86F substitution in FtsH, exhibited decreased lipopolysaccharide levels, reduced expression of TCA cycle genes, and reduced levels of ROS. Lethality enhancement by lysine hydrochloride was abolished by treating cultures with Ca2+ or Mg2+, cations known to stabilize the outer membrane. These data, plus damage observed by scanning electron microscopy, indicate that lysine stimulates β-lactam lethality by disrupting the outer membrane. Lethality enhancement of β-lactams by lysine hydrochloride was also observed with Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thereby suggesting that the phenomenon is common among Gram-negative bacteria. Arginine hydrochloride behaved in a similar way. Overall, the combination of lysine or arginine hydrochloride and β-lactam offers a new way to increase β-lactam lethality with Gram-negative pathogens. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative pathogens is a serious medical problem. The present work describes a new study in which a nontoxic nutrient increases the lethal action of clinically important β-lactams. Elevated lethality is expected to reduce the emergence of resistant mutants. The effects were observed with significant pathogens (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), indicating widespread applicability. Examination of tolerant mutants and biochemical measurements revealed involvement of endogenous reactive oxygen species in response to outer membrane perturbation. These lysine hydrochloride-β-lactam data support the hypothesis that lethal stressors can stimulate the accumulation of ROS. Genetic and biochemical work also revealed how an alteration in a membrane protease, FtsH, abolishes lysine stimulation of β-lactam lethality. Overall, the work presents a method for antimicrobial enhancement that should be safe, easy to administer, and likely to apply to other nutrients, such as arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shaopeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lisheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Runbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yinli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haihui Huang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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11
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Ding Y, Hao J, Xiao W, Ye C, Xiao X, Jian C, Tang M, Li G, Liu J, Zeng Z. Role of efflux pumps, their inhibitors, and regulators in colistin resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207441. [PMID: 37601369 PMCID: PMC10436536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is highly promising against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria clinically. Bacteria are resistant to colistin mainly through mcr and chromosome-mediated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis-related locus variation. However, the current understanding cannot fully explain the resistance mechanism in mcr-negative colistin-resistant strains. Significantly, the contribution of efflux pumps to colistin resistance remains to be clarified. This review aims to discuss the contribution of efflux pumps and their related transcriptional regulators to colistin resistance in various bacteria and the reversal effect of efflux pump inhibitors on colistin resistance. Previous studies suggested a complex regulatory relationship between the efflux pumps and their transcriptional regulators and LPS synthesis, transport, and modification. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), and Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) all achieved the reversal of colistin resistance, highlighting the role of efflux pumps in colistin resistance and their potential for adjuvant development. The contribution of the efflux pumps to colistin resistance might also be related to specific genetic backgrounds. They can participate in colistin tolerance and heterogeneous resistance to affect the treatment efficacy of colistin. These findings help understand the development of resistance in mcr-negative colistin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangrui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Sheydai F, Tukmechi A. Cell wall disruption, membrane damage, and decrease in the expression of Yrp1 virulence factor in Yersinia ruckeri by propolis ethanol extract. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 15:533-540. [PMID: 38045706 PMCID: PMC10692965 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i4.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Instead of antibiotics, propolis is a promising alternative for treating bacterial diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) on Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri), a fish pathogen, by examining its impact on the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and gene expression. Materials and Methods The effect of propolis on the bacterial cell wall, membrane, and DNA using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was investigated. Its effect on the NAD+/NADH ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as the expression of a virulence factor (yrp1) was also determined. Results It was demonstrated that PEE has multiple antibacterial mechanisms against Y. ruckeri involving cell wall damage, membrane lysis, and a decrease in gene expression. Conclusion The obtained results indicated that the mode of propolis action against Y. ruckeri is both structural and functional, while others showed propolis only could inactivate bacteria in a structural way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Sheydai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li W, Wang L, Li W, Du J, Zhang S. Effects of cinnamon essential oil on the physiological metabolism of Salmonella enteritidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035894. [PMID: 36560942 PMCID: PMC9763561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety and health are the themes of today's society. As a class of foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis has become one of the common zoonotic pathogens. Because chemical preservatives have certain harmfulness and have been questioned, it is particularly important to find green and safe natural preservatives. The advantages of plant essential oils (EOs) are that they are green and safe, have a wide range of antibacterials, and are not easy to form drug resistance. In recent years, studies have found that EOs have excellent antibacterial activity, but their antibacterial mechanism has not been conclusive, which has certain limitations in their application in the food field. Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) extracted from dried cinnamon is a secondary metabolite of cells and a very important natural food flavor. More importantly, it is non-toxic to the human body and has been proven to have a good antibacterial effect, but its antibacterial mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, it was of great practical significance to carry out the research on the antibacterial mechanism of CEO on S. enteritidis. In this work, S. enteritidis was used as the test bacteria, and CEO was selected as the antibacterial agent to study the antibacterial mechanisms. By studying the physiological metabolism of S. enteritidis cells by CEO, the influence of CEO on the bacteriostatic mechanism of S. enteritidis was systematically elucidated. The study found that CEO treatment would reduce the activity of bacterial metabolism. It is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the activity of key enzymes in TCA circulation is inhibited, thus affecting the respiration of S. enteritidis. Second, it affects the level of energy metabolism by inhibiting the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the activity of ATPase. Finally, it can affect the physiological metabolism of bacteria by inhibiting the metabolism of proteins and other substances. Therefore, this article was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new natural food preservatives and the prevention and control of S. enteritidis.
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14
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Li S, Ma C, Yang Y, Cai W, Dai W, Zhang X, Yin L, Tang D, Liu F, Dai Y. Microbiome and metabolome analysis to clarify the interaction between the urine microbiota and serum metabolites in Chinese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1230. [PMID: 36544661 PMCID: PMC9761118 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The bacterial and metabolic networks in immunoglobin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common type of primary chronic glomerulonephritis worldwide, have not been extensively studied. To help develop better methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IgAN, we characterized the alterations of the urinary microbiome and serum metabolome in patients with IgAN. Methods We analyzed serum and urine samples from Chinese patients with IgAN and healthy controls (HCs) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results Patients with IgAN had a higher relative abundance of Actinomyces and a lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus. The elements of metabolism have been affected, including free amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oligopeptides. We also identified the 9 metabolites that might be the core metabolites, including guanidinoacetic acid, apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)], and diethanolamine, which linked the metabolic networks between the urinary tract (UT) and blood. Other core metabolites, such as homocitrulline, apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)], butyrylcarnitine, formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU), diethanolamine, and prolylhydroxyproline, were positively correlated with urinary mili-total protein (MTP). Conversely, Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with MTP. Conclusions We verified the connection between the disruption of the microbiota and serum metabolites, along with the clinical parameters, in patients with IgAN, which may help provide a tool for IgAN interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Chen X, Tian J, Luo C, Wang X, Li X, Wang M. Cell Membrane Remodeling Mediates Polymyxin B Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: An Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:810403. [PMID: 35222333 PMCID: PMC8866958 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.810403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PB) is introduced into the clinic as the last-line therapy against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Unfortunately, increased resistance to PB in Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has threatened global health. Resistance of K. pneumoniae to PB was induced by passaging in serial concentrations of PB and determined by microbroth dilution method. Growth characteristics of induced strains including growth curve, reversibility of resistance, and biofilm formation (crystal violet staining method) were measured. This study employed TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics and LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis to investigate the key biological processes associated with PB resistance in K. pneumoniae. A total of 315 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, of which 133 were upregulated and 182 were downregulated in the PB-resistant K. pneumoniae. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly involved in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance. Proteins related to central carbon metabolism were inhibited in the PB-resistant K. pneumoniae, but proteins mediating LPS modification were activated. Transcriptional levels of CAMP resistance-related proteins were significantly different between PB-susceptible and -resistant K. pneumoniae. PB treatment led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of K. pneumoniae. Metabolomics data demonstrated that 23 metabolites were significantly upregulated in PB-resistant K. pneumoniae and 5 were downregulated. The differential metabolites were mainly lipids, including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids. Exposure to PB resulted in increased level of phospholipid transport gene mlaF in K. pneumoniae. Our study suggested that membrane remodeling and inhibited central carbon metabolism are conducive to the development of PB resistance in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Hu B, Gu X, Wang Y, Leng J, Zhang K, Zhao J, Wu P, Li X, Wan C, Xu J. Revealing the effects of static magnetic field on the anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor from the perspective of electron transport and microbial community shifts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126535. [PMID: 34896533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on an anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor were investigated from the perspective of electron transport via determining the variations of reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) ratio, NADH concentration, electron transport system activity (ETSA), poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), as well as the gene expression under different conditions. Moreover, the shifts of microbial community were also analyzed. The application of SMF with an appropriate intensity significantly improved the performance of the process, the abundance of the anoxic denitrifiers, and the activity of the aerobic denitrifiers. The NADH content, as well as ETSA were also enhanced, therefore, the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the process was increased. However, the overhigh SMF intensity resulted in the change of microbial community, meanwhile, had negative effects on the metabolism of microorganisms. Selecting a proper intensity is crucial for the SMF-enhanced biological wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China.
| | - Xin Gu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Bureau of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Chencang District, Baoji City, China
| | - Juntong Leng
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
| | - Chengjie Wan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
| | - Jingtong Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Xi'na, China
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17
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Yin J, Cheng D, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Yu Z. Development of a whole-cell biosensor for detection of antibiotics targeting bacterial cell envelope in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:789-798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Sun X, Ni Z, Tang J, Ding Y, Wang X, Li F. The abaI/ abaR Quorum Sensing System Effects on Pathogenicity in Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679241. [PMID: 34322102 PMCID: PMC8312687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative pathogen that has emerged as one of the most troublesome pathogens for healthcare institutions globally. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a process of cell-to-cell communication that relies on the production, secretion, and detection of autoinducer (AI) signals to share information about cell density and regulate gene expression accordingly. The molecular and genetic bases of A. baumannii virulence remains poorly understood. Therefore, the contribution of the abaI/abaR QS system to growth characteristics, morphology, biofilm formation, resistance, motility, and virulence of A. baumannii was studied in detail. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that genes involved in various aspects of energy production and conversion; valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; and lipid transport and metabolism are associated with bacterial pathogenicity. Our work provides a new insight into the abaI/abaR QS system effects on pathogenicity in A. baumannii. We propose that targeting the acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase enzyme abaI could provide an effective strategy for attenuating virulence. On the contrary, interdicting the AI synthase receptor abaR elicits unpredictable consequences, which may lead to enhanced bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang, China
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19
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Cianciulli Sesso A, Lilić B, Amman F, Wolfinger MT, Sonnleitner E, Bläsi U. Gene Expression Profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Upon Exposure to Colistin and Tobramycin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626715. [PMID: 33995291 PMCID: PMC8120321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pae) is notorious for its high-level resistance toward clinically used antibiotics. In fact, Pae has rendered most antimicrobials ineffective, leaving polymyxins and aminoglycosides as last resort antibiotics. Although several resistance mechanisms of Pae are known toward these drugs, a profounder knowledge of hitherto unidentified factors and pathways appears crucial to develop novel strategies to increase their efficacy. Here, we have performed for the first time transcriptome analyses and ribosome profiling in parallel with strain PA14 grown in synthetic cystic fibrosis medium upon exposure to polymyxin E (colistin) and tobramycin. This approach did not only confirm known mechanisms involved in colistin and tobramycin susceptibility but revealed also as yet unknown functions/pathways. Colistin treatment resulted primarily in an anti-oxidative stress response and in the de-regulation of the MexT and AlgU regulons, whereas exposure to tobramycin led predominantly to a rewiring of the expression of multiple amino acid catabolic genes, lower tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes, type II and VI secretion system genes and genes involved in bacterial motility and attachment, which could potentially lead to a decrease in drug uptake. Moreover, we report that the adverse effects of tobramycin on translation are countered with enhanced expression of genes involved in stalled ribosome rescue, tRNA methylation and type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Cianciulli Sesso
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Lilić
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael T Wolfinger
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Sonnleitner
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Udo Bläsi
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Fan YX, Chen YC, Li Y, Yu JC, Bian XC, Li X, Li WZ, Guo BN, Wu HL, Liu XF, Wang Y, Xu XY, Hu JL, Wang JJ, Wu XJ, Cao GY, Wu JF, Xue CJ, Feng J, Zhang YY, Zhang J. Effects of Different Component Contents of Colistin Methanesulfonate on the Pharmacokinetics of Prodrug and Formed Colistin in Human. Pharm Res 2021; 38:79-87. [PMID: 33496870 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To evaluate the effects of component contents in different colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) formulas on their clinical pharmacokinetics of the prodrug CMS and the formed colistin. METHODS Two CMS formulas (CTTQ and Parkedale) were investigated in a single dose, randomized, open-label, crossover study conducted in 18 healthy Chinese subjects. Both CMS formulas met the requirements of European Pharmacopoeia 9.2 with 12.1% difference in the two major active components (CMS A and CMS B). The PK parameters after a single intravenous infusion of CMS at 2.5 mg/kg were calculated and the steady-state plasma colistin concentrations (Css,avg) following multiple dosing, once every 12 h for 7 days, were simulated with the non-compartment model. RESULTS The systemic exposure (AUC0-inf) of CMS were 59.49 ± 5.90 h·μg/mL and 51.09 ± 4.70 h·μg/mL, and the AUC0-inf of colistin were 15.39 ± 2.63 h·μg/mL and 12.36 ± 2.10 h·μg/mL for CTTQ and Parkedale, respectively. The ratios (90% CI) of geometric mean of AUC0-inf of CTTQ to Parkedale were 116.38% (112.95%, 119.91%) and 124.49% (120.76%, 128.35%) for CMS and colistin, respectively. The predicted Css,avg (95% CI) were 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) μg/mL and 0.74 (0.69, 0.79) μg/mL for CTTQ and Parkedale, respectively. CONCLUSION The difference in component content in the two CMS formulas had a significant (P < 0.001) impact on the systemic exposure of colistin in human, thus, warranted essential considerations in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xing-Chen Bian
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wan-Zhen Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bei-Ning Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hai-Lan Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jia-Li Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guo-Ying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ju-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chun-Jia Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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21
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El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Zhong LL, Shen C, Yang Y, Doi Y, Tian GB. Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019). Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:868-885. [PMID: 32284036 PMCID: PMC7241451 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1754133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science
and Technology (MUST), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lan-Lan Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yohei Doi
- University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Aichi,
Japan
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of
Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun
Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s
Republic of China
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22
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Ayoub Moubareck C. Polymyxins and Bacterial Membranes: A Review of Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Resistance. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080181. [PMID: 32784516 PMCID: PMC7463838 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following their initial discovery in the 1940s, polymyxin antibiotics fell into disfavor due to their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. However, the dry antibiotic development pipeline, together with the rising global prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have both rejuvenated clinical interest in these polypeptide antibiotics. Parallel to the revival of their use, investigations into the mechanisms of action and resistance to polymyxins have intensified. With an initial known effect on biological membranes, research has uncovered the detailed molecular and chemical interactions that polymyxins have with Gram-negative outer membranes and lipopolysaccharide structure. In addition, genetic and epidemiological studies have revealed the basis of resistance to these agents. Nowadays, resistance to polymyxins in MDR Gram-negative pathogens is well elucidated, with chromosomal as well as plasmid-encoded, transferrable pathways. The aims of the current review are to highlight the important chemical, microbiological, and pharmacological properties of polymyxins, to discuss their mechanistic effects on bacterial membranes, and to revise the current knowledge about Gram-negative acquired resistance to these agents. Finally, recent research, directed towards new perspectives for improving these old agents utilized in the 21st century, to combat drug-resistant pathogens, is summarized.
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23
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Hu B, Wang Y, Quan J, Huang K, Gu X, Zhu J, Yan Y, Wu P, Yang L, Zhao J. Effects of static magnetic field on the performances of anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123299. [PMID: 32289656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two anoxic/oxic (A/O) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) processes were utilized to study the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on biological wastewater treatment process. Except for conventional indices, the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) ratio and electron transport system activity (ETSA), as well as poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and extracellular polymetric substance (EPS) contents in two reactors which were with and without SMF under two cyclic times (12 h and 8 h) were monitored. When the process was enhanced by SMF, the total nitrogen removal efficiency can be improved (>80%), and the NADN/NAD+ ratio, ESTA, the maximum EPS content and the maximum PHB content in the reactor with SMF were higher. Besides, SMF can reduce the microorganism community diversity and make species distribute more even and abundant. SMF can promote the performance of A/O SBR process via improving electron transport and microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Jianing Quan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Xin Gu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Jitao Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Yi Yan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply & Sewage Engineering, Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
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24
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Wang S, Han J, Xia J, Hu Y, Shi L, Ren A, Zhu J, Zhao M. Overexpression of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (nmnat) increases the growth rate, Ca 2+ concentration and cellulase production in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7079-7091. [PMID: 32632475 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identifying new and economical means to utilize diverse lignocellulosic biomass is an urgent task. Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known edible and medicinal basidiomycete with an excellent ability to degrade a wide range of cellulosic biomass, and its nutrient use efficiency is closely related to the activity of extracellular cellulase. Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis is controlled in response to nutritional status, and NAD+ is an essential metabolite involved in diverse cellular processes. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) is a common enzyme in three NAD+ synthesis pathways. In this study, a homologous gene of nmnat was cloned from G. lucidum and two G. lucidum overexpression strains, OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19, were constructed using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. The G. lucidum nmnat overexpression strains showed obviously increased colony growth on different carbon sources, and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the G. lucidum OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19 strains were increased by 2.04- and 2.30-fold, respectively, compared with those in the wild-type (WT) strains. In the G. lucidum OE::nmnat4 and OE::nmnat19 strains, endo-β-glucanase (CMCase) activity increased by approximately 2.8- and 3-fold, while β-glucosidase (pNPGase) activity increased by approximately 1.9- and 2.1-fold, respectively, compared with the activity in the WT strains. Furthermore, overexpression of NAD+ synthesis pathways was found to elicit cellulase production by increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that increased intracellular NAD+ contents through overexpression of the nmnat gene of NAD+ synthesis pathways may increase cellulase production by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in G. lucidum. KEY POINTS: • The concentration of NAD+influences cellulase production in G. lucidum. • The concentration of NAD+influences the intracellular Ca2+concentration in G. lucidum. • The concentration of NAD+influences cellulase production by eliciting a change in intracellular Ca2+in G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Mechanisms of bactericidal action and resistance of polymyxins for Gram-positive bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3771-3780. [PMID: 32157424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxins are cationic antimicrobial peptides used as the last-line therapy to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The bactericidal activity of polymyxins against Gram-negative bacteria relies on the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymyxins and the negatively charged lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Given that Gram-positive bacteria lack an LPS-containing outer membrane, it is generally acknowledged that polymyxins are less active against Gram-positive bacteria. However, Gram-positive bacteria produce negatively charged teichoic acids, which may act as the target of polymyxins. More and more studies suggest that polymyxins have potential as a treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection. This mini-review discusses recent advances in the mechanism of the antibacterial activity and resistance of polymyxins in Gram-positive bacteria.Key Points• Teichoic acids play a key role in the action of polymyxins on Gram-positive bacteria.• Polymyxin kills Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting cell surface and oxidative damage.• Modification of teichoic acids and phospholipids contributes to polymyxin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria.• Polymyxins have potential as a treatment for Gram-positive bacterial infection.
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26
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Ciacci N, Boncompagni S, Valzano F, Cariani L, Aliberti S, Blasi F, Pollini S, Rossolini GM, Pallecchi L. In Vitro Synergism of Colistin and N-acetylcysteine against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030101. [PMID: 31349560 PMCID: PMC6784201 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging global opportunistic pathogen, responsible for a wide range of human infections, including respiratory tract infections. Intrinsic multidrug resistance and propensity to form biofilms make S. maltophilia infections recalcitrant to treatment. Colistin is among the second-line options in case of difficult-to-treat S. maltophilia infections, with the advantage of being also administrable by nebulization. We investigated the potential synergism of colistin in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (a mucolytic agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) against S. maltophilia grown in planktonic phase and biofilm. Eighteen S. maltophilia clinical isolates (comprising three isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) and two trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)-resistant strains) were included. Checkerboard assays showed a synergism of colistin/NAC combinations against the strains with colistin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) >2 µg/mL (n = 13), suggesting that NAC could antagonize the mechanisms involved in colistin resistance. Nonetheless, time–kill assays revealed that NAC might potentiate colistin activity also in case of lower colistin MICs. A dose-dependent potentiation of colistin activity by NAC was also clearly observed against S. maltophilia biofilms, also at sub-MIC concentrations. Colistin/NAC combinations, at concentrations likely achievable by topical administration, might represent a valid option for the treatment of S. maltophilia respiratory infections and should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaia Ciacci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Selene Boncompagni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Felice Valzano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lisa Cariani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology Laboratory, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Pallecchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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