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Wang T, Lv M, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Cai Z, Zhang Y, Song J, Liu J, Yin H, Shang F. TDDFT Study on the ESIPT Properties of 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-Benzothiazole and Sensing Mechanism of a Derived Fluorescent Probe for Fluoride Ion. Molecules 2024; 29:1541. [PMID: 38611820 PMCID: PMC11013366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The level of fluoride ions (F-) in the human body is closely related to various pathological and physiological states, and the rapid detection of F- is important for studying physiological processes and the early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, the detailed sensing mechanism of a novel high-efficiency probe (PBT) based on 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazole derivatives towards F- has been fully investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods. F- attacks the O-P bond of PBT to cleavage the dimethylphosphinothionyl group, and the potential products were evaluated by Gibbs free energy and spectroscopic analyses, which ultimately identified the product as HBT-Enol1 with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Bond parameters, infrared vibrational spectroscopy and charge analysis indicate that the hydrogen bond is enhanced at the excited state (S1), favoring excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The mild energy barrier further evidences the occurrence of ESIPT. Combined with frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, the fluorescence quenching of PBT was attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism and the fluorescence turn-on mechanism of the product was attributed to the ESIPT process of HBT-Enol1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Meiheng Lv
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Research Center of Advanced Biological Manufacture, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Zexu Cai
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiaqi Song
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Research Center of Advanced Biological Manufacture, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Hang Yin
- Research Center of Advanced Biological Manufacture, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Fangjian Shang
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China;
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Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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A Phenothiazine-HPQ Based Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for Sensing Biothiols in Living Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082337. [PMID: 33920567 PMCID: PMC8072808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the redox properties closely related to numerous physiological and pathological processes, biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), have received considerable attention in biological science. On account of the important physiological roles of these biothiols, it is of profound significance to develop sensitive and selective detection of biothiols to understand their biological profiles. In this work, we reported an efficient fluorescent probe, PHPQ-SH, for detecting biothiols in vitro and vivo, based on the phenothiazine-HPQ skeleton, with DNBS (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate) as the response unit. Probe PHPQ-SH exhibited brilliant sensing performances toward thiols, including a large Stokes shift (138 nm), excellent sensitivity (for GSH, LOD = 18.3 nM), remarkable fluorescence enhancement (163-fold), low cytotoxicity, rapid response (8 min), and extraordinary selectivity. Finally, the probe PHPQ-SH illustrated herein was capable of responding and visualizing biothiols in MCF-7 cells and zebrafish.
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Chao J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Huo F, Yin C, Li M, Duan Y. A Pyrene-Based Fluorescent Probe for Specific Detection of Cysteine and its Application in Living Cell. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:727-732. [PMID: 33609214 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is an essential amino acid in organism, which is transformed from methionine in vivo and participates in protein synthesis and cell redox process. Therefore, the detection of Cys is of great significance. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe, (E)-3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-(pyren-3-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (PAQ) was designed and synthesized to specifically detect Cys. The response mechanism of the reaction between PAQ and Cys was due to the addition reaction of Cys to α,β-unsaturated ketone of PAQ. Interestingly, the addition of Cys induced significant fluorescence intensity enhancement at 462 nm. PAQ exhibited favorable sensing properties towards Cys such as the low limit of detection (0.27 μM) and fast response speed (2 min). In addition, PAQ displayed high selectivity and anti-interference ability toward Cys among various analytes. Notably, PAQ has been successfully used to image exogenous and endogenous Cys in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ming Li
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuexiang Duan
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Benzothiazole applications as fluorescent probes for analyte detection. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hao Y, Yin Q, Zhang Y, Xu M, Chen S. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorescent Probes for Thiophenol. Molecules 2019; 24:E3716. [PMID: 31623065 PMCID: PMC6832550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiophenol (PhSH) belongs to a class of highly reactive and toxic aromatic thiols with widespread applications in the chemical industry for preparing pesticides, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent progress in the development of fluorescent probes for detecting and imaging PhSH. These probes are classified according to recognition moieties and are detailed on the basis of their structures and sensing performances. In addition, prospects for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Qianye Yin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Yintang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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Recognition of Thiols in Living Cells and Zebrafish Using an Imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine-Derivative Indicator. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183328. [PMID: 31547406 PMCID: PMC6767008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A new cyan fluorescent probe, MIPY-DNBS, using an imidazo[1,5-α]pyridine derivative as the fluorophore and 2,4-dinitrobenzensufonate as the recognition site for the selective detection of thiols (Cys, GSH, and Hcy), was designed and synthesized. Probe MIPY-DNBS exhibited a 172 nm Stokes shift, a fast response time (400 s), low cytotoxicity, low detection limits (12.7 nM for Cys), and excellent selectively in the detection of thiols. In addition, MIPY-DNBS was successfully applied to imaging thiols in living MCF-7 cells and zebrafish.
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