Simple and Accurate HPTLC-Densitometric Method for Assay of Nandrolone Decanoate in Pharmaceutical Formulation

Simultaneous Analysis and Efficient Separation of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Dietary Supplement by a Validated HPTLC Method

Background

Using sports supplements is common among athletes. The presence of anabolic steroids in sports supplements as a hormonal contaminant can increase production efficiency. Since anabolic steroids cause health problems and result in positive doping tests in athletes, it is important to investigate their presence in the supplement preparations consumed by athletes.

Objectives

This paper aims to simultaneously determine ten anabolic steroids by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method in sports supplements.

Methods

Chromatographic analysis was conducted on glass silica gel 60F254 plates. The extracts loaded on silica gel plates are subjected to programed multiple development (PMD) to separate anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs). Densitometric scanning is carried out at the wavelength of 245 and 366nm. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines.

Results

Spots at retardation factor (Rf) 0.72 (elution system 1), 0.4 (elution system 1), 0.29 (elution system 2), 0.25 (elution system 2), 0.1 (elution system 1), 0.65 (elution system 2), 0.59 (elution system 1), 0.44 (elution system 1), 0.8 (elution system 3), and 0.82 (elution system 3) values were recognized as 19-nor androstenedione, 19-nortestosterone, methyl testosterone, clostebol, stanozolol, trenbolone enanthate, oxymetholone, oxandrolone, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate, respectively. The linear ranges were 25 - 250 μg/mL for oxymetholone, 7 - 50 μg/mL for 19-nor androstenedione, 19-nortestosterone, and oxandrolone, and 3 - 20 μg/mL for methyl testosterone, clostebol, stanozolol, trenbolone enanthate, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate. The developed method is validated by acceptable precision (CV < 20%) and good accuracy (94% < R < 114%). The value of limit of detection (LOD) for all derivatives was in the range of 0.02 - 0.16 μg/spot (20-160 μg/g of supplement), while limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be in the range of 0.06 - 0.5 μg/spot (60 - 500 μg/g of supplement). Fifty sports supplement samples as real sample were collected and analyzed. None of the samples screened positive using the HPTLC method.

Conclusions

In the present study, the fast, cheap, and simple HPTLC method could be used for the multi-residue analysis of ten anabolic androgenic steroids in sports supplements.

HPTLC-densitometry quantification of fructooligosaccharides from inulin hydrolysate

The objective of present research was to develop an easy, precise and accurate HPTLC densitometry method for quantification of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) from inulin hydrolysate. The chromatographic separation of FOSs was performed on pre-coated silica gel (60, F₂₅₄) TLC plates using a mobile phase (butanol:ethanol:water, 60:24:16), and densitometry evaluation of FOSs was performed at A₅₀₀. Both kestose and nystose were successfully resolved with R_f value of 0.43 and 0.34, respectively. The accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of developed method was assessed by percent relative standard deviation of kestose and nystose for instrument precision (1.43% and 1.50%), repeatability (1.48% and 1.56%), intra-day precision (1.60% and 1.63%), inter-day precision (1.62% and 1.66%), limit of detection (4.58 ng/spot and 4.58 ng/spot), limit of quantification (13.87 ng/spot and 13.89 ng/spot) and recovery (98.81% and 98.69%). Moreover, overlapping spectra of test sample with standard confirms the specificity of developed method, which was validated as per ICH guidelines.

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019

This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.