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Freitas CS, Pereira PR, Cardoso RV, Pauli FP, Ribeiro RCB, Da Silva FDC, Ferreira VF, Paschoalin VMF. Antimicrobial and wound healing potential of naphthoquinones encapsulated in nanochitosan. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1284630. [PMID: 38239922 PMCID: PMC10794614 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1284630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The use of chitosan in pharmaceutical formulations is an advantageous approach due to this compound intrinsic biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as ready availability and low polymer cost. Methods: Herein, the naphthoquinones 3- chloromethylene-menadione (NQ1) and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ2) were nanoencapsulated into chitosan (CNP) by the ionotropic gelatinization technique and characterized by DLS, FTIR, SEM, TGA and DSC, and their release profiles evaluated. The antimicrobial and wound healing activities were investigated. Results and Discussion: Homogeneous chitosan nanocapsulses of about 193 nm and Z potential ranging from +30.6 to +33.1 mV loaded with NQ1 (CNP-NQ1) or NQ2 (CNPQNQ2). With nanoencapsulation efficiencies of ≥ 96%, the solubility of naphthoquinones in aqueous environments was improved, making them suitable for biological system applications. The encapsulated naphthoquinones displayed a controlled release of approximately 80% for CNP-NQ1 and 90% for CNP-NQ2 over an 8 h period at 36°C. Both CNP-NQ1 and CNP-NQ2 retained the already established free naphthoquinone antimicrobial activity against two Staphylococcus aureus strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although presenting low toxicity to healthy human cells, only CNP-NQ1 displayed therapeutic indices above 100 for S. aureus and S. epidermidis and above 27 for S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa, allowing for safe use in human tissues. Furthermore, CNP-NQ1 did not impair the migration of human fibroblast cells in scratch assays, adding promising wound healing properties to this formulation. These findings emphasize that CNP-NQ1 may be useful in protecting injured skin tissue from bacterial contamination, avoiding skin infections not only by reducing bacterial loads but also by accelerating the healing process until complete dermal tissue recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia Silva Freitas
- Advanced Analysis Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Pereira
- Advanced Analysis Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raiane Vieira Cardoso
- Advanced Analysis Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Petzold Pauli
- Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ruan Carlos Busquet Ribeiro
- Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fernando De Carvalho Da Silva
- Applied Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Advanced Analysis Laboratory in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Esposito T, Pisanti S, Mauro L, Mencherini T, Martinelli R, Aquino RP. Activity of Colocasia esculenta (Taro) Corms against Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells: Chemical Study and Molecular Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:252. [PMID: 38203419 PMCID: PMC10778756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott is a tuberous plant, also known as taro, employed as food worldwide for its renowned nutritional properties but also traditionally used in several countries for medical purposes. In this study, methanolic extracts were prepared from the corms and leaves of Colocasia, subsequently fractionated via molecular exclusion chromatography (RP-HPLC) and their anti-tumor activity assessed in an in vitro model of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells). Vorm extract and isolated fractions II and III affected AGS cell vitality in a dose-dependent manner through the modulation of key proteins involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle processes, such as caspase 3, cyclin A, cdk2, IkBα, and ERK. To identify bioactive molecules responsible for anti-tumoral activity fractions II and III were further purified via RP-HPLC and characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. The procedure enabled the identification of ten compounds including lignans and neolignans, some isolated for the first time in taro, uncommon megastigmane derivatives, and a gallic acid derivative. However, none of the isolated constituents showed efficacy equivalent to that of the fractions and total extract. This suggests that the whole Colocasia phytocomplex has intriguing anti-tumor activity against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Luciano Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Giardino della Minerva, 84121 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Cardoso RV, Pereira PR, Freitas CS, Mattos ÉBDA, Silva AVDF, Midlej VDV, Vericimo MA, Conte-Júnior CA, Paschoalin VMF. Tarin-Loaded Nanoliposomes Activate Apoptosis and Autophagy and Inhibit the Migration of Human Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6393-6408. [PMID: 37954458 PMCID: PMC10638905 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tarin, a lectin purified from Colocasia esculenta, promotes in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects allied to promising anticancer and antimetastatic effects against human adenocarcinoma mammary cells. This makes this 47 kDa-protein a natural candidate against human breast cancer, a leading cause of death among women. Tarin encapsulated in pegylated nanoliposomes displays increased effectiveness in controlling the proliferation of a mammary adenocarcinoma lineage comprising MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods The mechanisms enrolled in anticancer and antimetastatic responses were investigated by treating MDA-MB-231 cells with nano-encapsulated tarin at 72 μg/mL for up to 48h through flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The safety of nano-encapsulated tarin towards healthy tissue was also assessed by the resazurin viability assay, and the effect of nanoencapsulated tarin on cell migration was evaluated by scratch assays. Results Ultrastructural analyses of MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to nanoencapsulated tarin revealed the accumulation of autophagosomes and damaged organelles, compatible with autophagy-dependent cell death. On the other hand, the flow cytometry investigation detected the increased occurrence of acidic vacuolar organelles, a late autophagosome trait, along with the enhanced presence of apoptotic cells, activated caspase-3/7, and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. No deleterious effects were observed in healthy fibroblast cells following tarin nanoencapsulated exposition, in contrast to reduced viability in cells exposed to free tarin. The migration of MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited by nano-encapsulated tarin, with delayed movement by 24 h compared to free tarin. Conclusion The nanoliposome formulation delivers tarin in a delayed and sustained manner, as evidenced by the belated and potent antitumoral and anti-migration effects on adenocarcinoma cells, with no toxicity to healthy cells. Although further investigations are required to fully understand antitumorigenic tarin mechanisms, the activation of both apoptotic and autophagic machineries along with the caspase-3/7 pathway, and cell cycle arrest may comprise a part of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane Vieira Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Silva Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Mellinger A, Lubitz LJ, Gazaille C, Leneweit G, Bastiat G, Lépinoux-Chambaud C, Eyer J. The use of liposomes functionalized with the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide as a targeting agent to cross the in vitro blood-brain barrier and target glioblastoma cells. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123421. [PMID: 37722495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor. Current treatments do not allow to cure the patients. This is partly due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the delivery of drugs to the pathological site. To overcome this, we developed liposomes functionalized with a neurofilament-derived peptide, NFL-TBS.40-63 (NFL), known for its highly selective targeting of glioblastoma cells. First, in vitro BBB model was developed to check whether the NFL can also promote barrier crossing in addition to its active targeting capacity. Permeability experiments showed that the NFL peptide was able to cross the BBB. Moreover, when the BBB was in a pathological situation, i.e., an in vitro blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), the passage of the NFL peptide was greater while maintaining its glioblastoma targeting capacity. When the NFL peptide was associated to liposomes, it enhanced their ability to be internalized into glioblastoma cells after passage through the BBTB, compared to liposomes without NFL. The cellular uptake of liposomes was limited in the endothelial cell monolayer in comparison to the glioblastoma one. These data indicated that the NFL peptide is a promising cell-penetrating peptide tool when combined with drug delivery systems for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélie Mellinger
- GlioCure SA, Angers, France; Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, Angers, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joël Eyer
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, Angers, France.
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Bektas S, Kaptan E. Therapeutic potential of lectins in the treatment of breast cancer: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126073. [PMID: 37536407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. There are 3 major subtypes of breast cancer that are distinguished by expression of estrogen or progesterone receptors and ERBB2 gene amplification. The 3 subtypes have different risk profiles and treatment strategies. Abnormal glycosylation is thought to play an important role in the development of the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype of breast cancer and resistance to therapy. They may also be a potentially attractive target for breast cancer treatment. Proteins such as lectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins found in a variety of organisms from viruses to humans, can specifically interact with abnormally glycosylated carbohydrate residues in cancer cells and induce cytotoxic effects. In recent years, there has been a growing number of research addressing studies demonstrating their antitumorigenic and antimalignant effects. This review summarizes recent findings on lectins from plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria that are potentially therapeutic agents against breast cancer and outlines the basis of their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Bektas
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ferdaus MJ, Chukwu-Munsen E, Foguel A, da Silva RC. Taro Roots: An Underexploited Root Crop. Nutrients 2023; 15:3337. [PMID: 37571276 PMCID: PMC10421445 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a root crop that remains largely underutilized and undervalued despite its abundance and affordability. In comparison to other root vegetables, such as potatoes, yams, carrots, and cassava, taro stands out as a plentiful and low-cost option. As global hunger increases, particularly in Africa, it becomes essential to address food insecurity by maximizing the potential of existing food resources, including taro, and developing improved food products derived from it. Taro possesses a wealth of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, thereby making it a valuable nutritional source. Additionally, while not a significant protein source, taro exhibits higher protein content than many other root crops. Consequently, utilizing taro to create food products, such as plant-based milk alternatives, frozen desserts, and yogurt substitutes, could play a crucial role in raising awareness and increasing taro production. Unfortunately, taro has been stigmatized in various cultures, which has led to its neglect as a food crop. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the substantial potential of taro as an economical source of dietary energy by exploring the rich fiber, potassium, vitamin C, protein, and other micronutrient content of taro, and providing a foundation for the formulation of novel food products. Furthermore, this paper assesses the nutritional benefits of taro, its current utilization, and its antinutritional properties. It emphasizes the need for further research to explore the various applications of taro and improve on-farm processing conditions for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jannatul Ferdaus
- Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Ezzine Chukwu-Munsen
- Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Aline Foguel
- Department of Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Claro da Silva
- Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Pauli FP, Freitas CS, Pereira PR, Magalhães A, de Carvalho da Silva F, Paschoalin VMF, Ferreira VF. Exploring the Antimicrobial and Antitumoral Activities of Naphthoquinone-Grafted Chitosans. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061430. [PMID: 36987212 PMCID: PMC10053705 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers obtained from natural macromolecules are noteworthy among materials presenting high biocompatibility and adequate biodegradability, as is the case of chitosan (CS), making this biopolymeric compound a suitable drug delivery system. Herein, chemically-modified CS were synthetized using 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) and the sodium salt of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid (1,2-NQ), producing 1,4-NQ-CS and 1,2-NQ-CS by three different methods, employing an ethanol and water mixture (EtOH:H2O), EtOH:H2O plus triethylamine and dimethylformamide. The highest substitution degree (SD) of 0.12 was achieved using water/ethanol and triethylamine as the base for 1,4-NQ-CS and 0.54 for 1,2-NQ-CS. All synthesized products were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, SEM, TGA, DSC, Raman, and solid-state NMR, confirming the CS modification with 1,4-NQ and 1,2-NQ. Chitosan grafting to 1,4-NQ displayed superior antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with improved cytotoxicity and efficacy, indicated by high therapeutic indices, ensuring safe application to human tissue. Although 1,4-NQ-CS inhibited the growth of human mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231), it is accompanied by cytotoxicity and should be considered with caution. The findings reported herein emphasize that 1,4-NQ-grafted CS may be useful in protecting injured tissue against bacteria, commonly found in skin infections, until complete tissue recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Petzold Pauli
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, Brazil;
| | - Cyntia Silva Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
| | - Alviclér Magalhães
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil;
| | | | - Vania M. F. Paschoalin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (C.S.F.); (P.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.F.P.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (V.M.F.P.); (V.F.F.)
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Purohit D, Jalwal P, Manchanda D, Saini S, Verma R, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Kumar M, Bhattacharya T, Rahman MH, Dutt R, Pandey P. Nanocapsules: An Emerging Drug Delivery System. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 17:190-207. [PMID: 35142273 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220210113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled drug release and site-specific delivery of drugs make nanocapsules the most approbative drug delivery system for various kinds of drugs, bioactive, protein, and peptide compounds. Nanocapsules (NCs) are spherical shape microscopic shells consisting of a core (solid or liquid) in which the drug is positioned in a cavity enclosed by a distinctive polymeric membrane. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the present patent study is to elaborate on various formulation techniques and methods of nanocapsules (NCs). The review also spotlights various biomedical applications as well as on the patents of NCs to date. METHODS The review was extracted from the searches performed using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Patents, Medline, Google Scholars, etc. In order to emphasize the importance of NCs, some published patents of NCs have also been reported in the review. RESULTS NCs are tiny magical shells having incredible reproducibility. Various techniques can be used to formulate NCs. The pharmaceutical performance of the formulated NCs can be judged by evaluating their shape, size, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, etc., using different analytical techniques. Their main applications are found in the field of agrochemicals, genetic manipulation, cosmetics, hygiene items, strategic distribution of drugs to tumors, nanocapsule bandages to combat infection, and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION In the present review, our team made a deliberate effort to summarize the recent advances in the field of NCs and focus on new patents related to the implementation of NCs delivery systems in the area of some life-threatening disorders like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, India
| | - Pawan Jalwal
- Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Deeksha Manchanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 123401, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- PDM School of Pharmacy, Karsindhu, Jind, 126102, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Innovation, Incubation and Industry (i-cube) Laboratory, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur, 313003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Parijat Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, 122018, India
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Cardoso RV, Pereira PR, Freitas CS, Paschoalin VMF. Trends in Drug Delivery Systems for Natural Bioactive Molecules to Treat Health Disorders: The Importance of Nano-Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122808. [PMID: 36559301 PMCID: PMC9785269 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are believed to increase pharmaceutical efficacy and the therapeutic index by protecting and stabilizing bioactive molecules, such as protein and peptides, against body fluids' enzymes and/or unsuitable physicochemical conditions while preserving the surrounding healthy tissues from toxicity. Liposomes are biocompatible and biodegradable and do not cause immunogenicity following intravenous or topical administration. Still, their most important characteristic is the ability to load any drug or complex molecule uncommitted to its hydrophobic or hydrophilic character. Selecting lipid components, ratios and thermo-sensitivity is critical to achieve a suitable nano-liposomal formulation. Nano-liposomal surfaces can be tailored to interact successfully with target cells, avoiding undesirable associations with plasma proteins and enhancing their half-life in the bloodstream. Macropinocytosis-dynamin-independent, cell-membrane-cholesterol-dependent processes, clathrin, and caveolae-independent mechanisms are involved in liposome internalization and trafficking within target cells to deliver the loaded drugs to modulate cell function. A successful translation from animal studies to clinical trials is still an important challenge surrounding the approval of new nano-liposomal drugs that have been the focus of investigations. Precision medicine based on the design of functionalized nano-delivery systems bearing highly specific molecules to drive therapies is a promising strategy to treat degenerative diseases.
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Konozy EHE, Osman MEFM. Plant lectin: A promising future anti-tumor drug. Biochimie 2022; 202:136-145. [PMID: 35952948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Since the early discovery of plant lectins at the end of the 19th century, and the finding that they could agglutinate erythrocytes and precipitate glycans from their solutions, many applications and biological roles have been described for these proteins. Later, the observed erythrocytes clumping features were attributed to the lectin-cell surface glycoconjugates recognition. Neoplastic transformation leads to various cellular alterations which impact the growth of the cell and its persistence, among which is the mutation in the outer surface glycosylation signatures. Quite a few lectins have been found to act as excellent biomarkers for cancer diagnosis while some were presented with antiproliferative activity that initiated by lectin binding to the respective glycocalyx receptors. These properties are blocked by the hapten sugar that is competing for the lectin affinity binding site. In vitro investigations of lectin-cancer cell's glycocalyx interactions lead to a series of immunological reactions that result in autophagy or apoptosis of the transformed cells. Mistletoe lectin, an agglutinin purified from the European Viscum album is the first plant lectin employed in the treatment of cancer to enter into the clinical trial phases. The entrapment of lectin in nanoparticles besides other techniques to promote bioavailability and stability have also been recently studied. This review summarizes our up-to-date understanding of the future applications of plant lectins in cancer prognosis and diagnosis. With the provision of many examples of lectins that exhibit anti-neoplastic properties.
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Identification of Antibacterial Peptide Candidates Encrypted in Stress-Related and Metabolic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020163. [PMID: 35215278 PMCID: PMC8877035 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-rich nature of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has led this yeast to the spotlight concerning the search for antimicrobial peptides. Herein, a <10 kDa peptide-rich extract displaying antibacterial activity was obtained through the autolysis of yeast biomass under mild thermal treatment with self-proteolysis by endogenous peptidases. Estimated IC50 for the peptide pools obtained by FPLC gel filtration indicated improved antibacterial activities against foodborne bacteria and bacteria of clinical interest. Similarly, the estimated cytotoxicity concentrations against healthy human fibroblasts, alongside selective indices ≥10, indicates the fractions are safe, at least in a mixture format, for human tissues. Nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the peptides in FPLC fractions could be derived from both induced-proteolysis and proteasome activity in abundant proteins, up-regulated under stress conditions during S. cerevisiae biomass manufacturing, including those coded by TDH1/2/3, HSP12, SSA1/2, ADH1/2, CDC19, PGK1, PPI1, PDC1, and GMP1, as well as by other non-abundant proteins. Fifty-eight AMP candidate sequences were predicted following an in silico analysis using four independent algorithms, indicating their possible contribution to the bacterial inactivation observed in the peptides pool, which deserve special attention for further validation of individual functionality. S. cerevisiae-biomass peptides, an unconventional but abundant source of pharmaceuticals, may be promissory adjuvants to treat infectious diseases that are poorly sensitive to conventional antibiotics.
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Villanueva-Flores F, Zárate-Romero A, Torres AG, Huerta-Saquero A. Encapsulation of Asparaginase as a Promising Strategy to Improve In Vivo Drug Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1965. [PMID: 34834379 PMCID: PMC8625962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase (ASNase) is a widely applied chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL); however, immune responses and silent inactivation of the drug often limit its bioavailability. Many strategies have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, including the development of improved formulations (biobetters), but only two of them are currently on the market. Nano- and micro-encapsulation are some of the most promising and novel approaches to enhance in vivo performance of ASNase, preventing the direct contact of the enzyme with the environment, protecting it from protease degradation, increasing the enzymes catalytic half-life, and in some cases, reducing immunogenicity. This review summarizes the strategies, particularly for ASNase nano- and micro-encapsulation, and their main findings, constraints, and current gaps in the state-of-the-art knowledge. The pros and cons of the use of different nanocarriers are discussed with the idea to ultimately provide safer and more effective treatments for patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villanueva-Flores
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
| | - Andrés Zárate-Romero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
| | - Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (F.V.-F.); (A.Z.-R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
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Kundu N, Ma X, Hoag S, Wang F, Ibrahim A, Godoy-Ruiz R, Weber DJ, Fulton AM. An Extract of Taro ( Colocasia esculenta) Mediates Potent Inhibitory Actions on Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cells by Tumor Cell-Autonomous and Immune-Dependent Mechanisms. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:11782234211034937. [PMID: 34376983 PMCID: PMC8320546 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211034937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The taro plant, Colocasia esculenta, contains bioactive proteins with potential as cancer therapeutics. Several groups have reported anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo of taro-derived extracts (TEs). We reported that TE inhibits metastasis in a syngeneic murine model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Purpose We sought to confirm our earlier studies in additional models and to identify novel mechanisms by which efficacy is achieved. Methods We employed a panel of murine and human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines to determine the effect of TE on tumor cell viability, migration, and the ability to support cancer stem cells. Two syngeneic models of TNBC were employed to confirm our earlier report that TE potently inhibits metastasis. Cancer stem cell assays were employed to determine the ability of TE to inhibit tumorsphere-forming ability and to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. To determine if host immunity contributes to the mechanism of metastasis inhibition, efficacy was assessed in immune-compromised mice. Results We demonstrate that viability of some, but not all cell lines is inhibited by TE. Likewise, tumor cell migration is inhibited by TE. Using 2 immune competent, syngeneic models of TNBC, we confirm our earlier findings that tumor metastasis is potently inhibited by TE. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that TE directly inhibits breast cancer stem cells. Administration of TE to mice elicits expansion of several spleen cell populations but it was not known if host immune cells contribute to the mechanism by which TE inhibits tumor cell dissemination. In novel findings, we now show that the ability of TE to inhibit metastasis relies on immune T-cell-dependent, but not B cell or Natural Killer (NK)-cell-dependent mechanisms. Thus, both tumor cell-autonomous and host immune factors contribute to the mechanisms underlying TE efficacy. Our long-term goal is to evaluate TE efficacy in clinical trials. Most of our past studies as well as many of the results reported in this report were carried out using an isolation protocol described earlier (TE). In preparation for a near future clinical trial, we have now developed a strategy to isolate an enriched taro fraction, TE-method 2, (TE-M2) as well as a more purified subfraction (TE-M2F1) which can be scaled up under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions for evaluation in human subjects. We demonstrate that TE-M2 and TE-M2F1 retain the anti-metastatic properties of TE. Conclusions These studies provide further support for the continued examination of biologically active components of Colocasia esculenta as potential new therapeutic entities and identify a method to isolate sufficient quantities under GMP conditions to conduct early phase clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kundu
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ma
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Hoag
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raquel Godoy-Ruiz
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Biological Therapeutics (CBT), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David J Weber
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Biological Therapeutics (CBT), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy M Fulton
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,VA Administration Investigator, VA Health Services Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Mattos EBDA, Pereira PR, Mérida LAD, Corrêa ACNTF, Freire MPV, Paschoalin VMF, Teixeira GAPB, Pinho MDFB, Verícimo MA. Taro Lectin Can Act as a Cytokine-Mimetic Compound, Stimulating Myeloid and T Lymphocyte Lineages and Protecting Progenitors in Murine Bone Marrow. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030350. [PMID: 33800086 PMCID: PMC8001523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) corm is traditionally consumed as a medicinal plant to stimulate immune responses and restore a health status. Tarin, a taro lectin, is considered responsible for the immunomodulatory effects of taro. In the present study, in order to investigate the effects of tarin on bone marrow hematopoietic population, murine cells were stimulated with tarin combined with a highly enriched conditioned medium containing either IL-3 or GM-CSF. Cells challenged with tarin proliferated in a dose-dependent manner, evidenced by the increase in cell density and number of clusters and colonies. Tarin exhibited a cytokine-mimetic effect similar to IL-3 and GM-CSF, increasing granulocytic cell lineage percentages, demonstrated by an increase in the relative percentage of Gr-1+ cells. Tarin does not increase lymphocytic lineages, but phenotyping revealed that the relative percentage of CD3+ cells was increased with a concomitant decrease in CD19+ and IL-7Rα+ cells. Most bone marrow cells were stained with tarin-FITC, indicating non-selective tarin binding, a phenomenon that must still be elucidated. In conclusion, taro corms contain an immunomodulatory lectin able to boost the immune system by promoting myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bertozzi de Aquino Mattos
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Patricia Ribeiro Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (P.R.P.); (A.C.N.T.F.C.)
| | - Lyris Anunciata Demétrio Mérida
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Anna Carolina Nitzsche Teixeira Fernandes Corrêa
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (P.R.P.); (A.C.N.T.F.C.)
| | - Maria Paula Vigna Freire
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Sala 545, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil; (P.R.P.); (A.C.N.T.F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-3938-7362
| | - Gerlinde Agate Platais Brasil Teixeira
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Brandão Pinho
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Maurício Afonso Verícimo
- Biology Institute, Federal University (UFF), Rua Alexandre Moura, No. 8, Bloco M, Sala. 505, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ 24210-200, Brazil; (E.B.d.A.M.); (L.A.D.M.); (M.P.V.F.); (G.A.P.B.T.); (M.d.F.B.P.); (M.A.V.)
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Design and manufacturing of monodisperse and malleable phytantriol-based cubosomes for drug delivery applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Benefits of Taro ( Colocasia esculenta) Corms, an Underexploited Tuber Crop. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010265. [PMID: 33383887 PMCID: PMC7795958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taro corms contain valuable bioactive molecules effective against cancer and cancer-related risk factors, such as carcinogens and biological agents, several pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative stress and inflammation, while controlling metabolic dysfunctions and boosting the immunological response. Such broad effects are achieved by the taro health-influencing compounds displaying antitumoral, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Taro bioactivities are attributed to the combination of tarin, taro-4-I polysaccharide, taro polysaccharides 1 and 2 (TPS-1 and TPS-2), A-1/B-2 α-amylase inhibitors, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs), polyphenols, and nonphenolic antioxidants. Most of these compounds have been purified and successfully challenged in vitro and in vivo, proving their involvement in the aforementioned activities. Although these health-promoting effects have been recognized since ancient times, as well as other valuable features of taro for food profit, such as hypo-allergenicity, gluten-free, and carbohydrates with medium-glycemic index, taro crop remains underexploited. The popularization of taro intake should be considered a dietary intervention strategy to be applied to improve the overall health status of the organism and as supportive therapy to manage tumorigenesis.
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Alavi M, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Lectin Protein as a Promising Component to Functionalize Micelles, Liposomes and Lipid NPs against Coronavirus. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E580. [PMID: 33297444 PMCID: PMC7762367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a novel strain coronavirus as the causative agent of COVID-19 pneumonia, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has resulted in considerable focus on virulence abilities of coronavirus. Lectins are natural proteins with the ability to bind specific carbohydrates related to various microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Lectins have the ability to agglutinate and neutralize these pathogeneses. The delivery of the encapsulated antiviral agents or vaccines across the cell membrane can be possible by functionalized micellar and liposomal formulations. In this mini-review, recent advances and challenges related to important lectins with inhibition activities against coronaviruses are presented to obtain a novel viewpoint of microformulations or nanoformulations by micellar and liposomal cell-binding carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceuics Research Laboratory, Arundel Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
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Wardhani RAK, Asri LATW, Rachmawati H, Khairurrijal K, Purwasasmita BS. Physical-Chemical Crosslinked Electrospun Colocasia esculenta Tuber Protein-Chitosan-Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Nanofibers with Antibacterial Activity and Cytocompatibility. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6433-6449. [PMID: 32922010 PMCID: PMC7457767 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s261483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electrospun nanofibers based on Colocasia esculenta tuber (CET) protein are considered as a promising material for wound dressing applications. However, the use of these nanofibers in aqueous conditions has poor stability. The present study was performed to obtain insights into the crosslinked electrospun CET’s protein–chitosan (CS)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers and to evaluate their potential for wound dressing applications. Methods The electrospun nanofibers were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor and heat treatment (HT) to enhance their physicochemical stability. The crosslinked nanofibers were characterized by protein profiles, morphology structures, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and degradation behavior. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility were analyzed by antibacterial assessment and cell proliferation. Results The protein profiles of the electrospun CET’s protein–CS–PEO nanofibers before and after HT crosslinking contained one major bioactive protein with a molecular weight of 14.4 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy images of the crosslinked nanofibers indicated preservation of the structure after immersion in phosphate buffered saline. The crosslinked nanofibers resulted in higher ultimate tensile strength and lower ultimate strain compared to the non-crosslinked nanofibers. GA vapor crosslinking showed higher water stability compared to HT crosslinking. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the crosslinked nanofibers showed a stronger bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus than on Escherichia coli. Human skin fibroblast cell proliferation on crosslinked GA vapor and HT nanofibers with 1% (w/v) CS and 2% (w/v) CET’s protein demonstrated the highest among all the other crosslinked nanofibers after seven days of cell culture. Cell proliferation and cell morphology results revealed that introducing higher CET’s protein concentration on crosslinked nanofibers could increase cell proliferation of the crosslinked nanofibers. Conclusion These results are promising for the potential use of the crosslinked electrospun CET’s protein–CS–PEO nanofibers as bioactive wound dressing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riesca Ayu Kusuma Wardhani
- Advanced Materials Processing Group, Engineering Physics Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Lia A T W Asri
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.,Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Physics of Electronic Materials Division, Physics Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.,Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Sunendar Purwasasmita
- Advanced Materials Processing Group, Engineering Physics Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.,Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Antitumoral Properties of Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030650. [PMID: 32028725 PMCID: PMC7037154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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