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Zhang W, Sun Y, Wei S, Wei B, Xu X, Tang Y. Untargeted metabolomics reveals the mechanism of quercetin enhancing the bioavailability of ticagrelor. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5206. [PMID: 34185878 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ticagrelor is a first-line clinical drug for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome, but its oral bioavailability is relatively low. Flavonoids (polyphenol compounds commonly found in plant foods) seriously affect human metabolism and health. This study compared the effects of quercetin, luteolin and catechin on the pharmacokinetic parameters of ticagrelor and found that quercetin can significantly increase the Cmax and area under the curve from time zero to 36 h (AUC0-36 ) of ticagrelor, that is, quercetin can enhance the bioavailability of ticagrelor, but luteolin and catechin cannot. The difference between the ticagrelor group and the combination of quercetin and ticagrelor was analyzed through untargeted metabolomics methods and multivariate data analysis, which identified changes in the levels of seven metabolites (deoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, tryptophan, phenylalanine and kynurenine). Based on the changes of these metabolites, we found that the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and the biosynthetic pathway of bile acids were changed. A metabolomics study revealed that quercetin improves the oral bioavailability of ticagrelor and that this might rely on changing the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and the biosynthetic pathway of bile acids. The research results at the metabolic level provide us with a strong basis and direction for further exploring the mechanism underlying quercetin's ability to enhance the bioavailability of ticagrelor, and this may be useful for finding new agents that enhance the bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Stefela A, Kaspar M, Drastik M, Holas O, Hroch M, Smutny T, Skoda J, Hutníková M, Pandey AV, Micuda S, Kudova E, Pavek P. 3β-Isoobeticholic acid efficiently activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) due to its epimerization to 3α-epimer by hepatic metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105702. [PMID: 32505574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are important signaling molecules acting via the farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) and the membrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). Besides deconjugation of BAs, the oxidoreductive enzymes of colonic bacteria and hepatocytes enable the conversion of BAs into their epimers or dehydrogenated forms. Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the first-in-class BA-derived FXR agonist approved for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Herein, a library of OCA derivatives, including 7-keto, 6-ethylidene derivatives and 3β-epimers, was synthetized and investigated in terms of interactions with FXR and GPBAR1 in transaction assays and evaluated for FXR target genes expression in human hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice. The derivatives were further subjected to cell-free analysis employing in silico molecular docking and a TR-FRET assay. The conversion of the 3βhydroxy epimer and its pharmacokinetics in mice were studied using LC-MS. We found that only the 3β-hydroxy epimer of OCA (3β-isoOCA) possesses significant activity to FXR in hepatic cells and mice. However, in a cell-free assay, 3β-isoOCA had about 9-times lower affinity to FXR than did OCA. We observed that 3β-isoOCA readily epimerizes to OCA in hepatocytes and murine liver. This conversion was significantly inhibited by the hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase inhibitor trilostane. In addition, we found that 3,7-dehydroobeticholic acid is a potent GPBAR1 agonist. We conclude that 3β-isoOCA significantly activates FXR due to its epimerization to the more active OCA by hepatic metabolism. Other modifications as well as epimerization on the C3/C7 positions and the introduction of 6-ethylidene in the CDCA scaffold abrogate FXR agonism and alleviate GPBAR1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Stefela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kaspar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 10, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Drastik
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Holas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870/13, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miriama Hutníková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870/13, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2, Prague 6 - Dejvice, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Czech Republic.
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Limongelli V. Ligand binding free energy and kinetics calculation in 2020. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Limongelli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Computational Science – Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) Lugano Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacy University of Naples “Federico II” Naples Italy
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