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Harrison C, Noleto-Dias C, Ruvo G, Hughes DJ, Smith DP, Mead A, Ward JL, Heuer S, MacGregor DR. The mechanisms behind the contrasting responses to waterlogging in black-grass ( Alopecurus myosuroides) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23193. [PMID: 38417910 DOI: 10.1071/fp23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides ) is one of the most problematic agricultural weeds of Western Europe, causing significant yield losses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ) and other crops through competition for space and resources. Previous studies link black-grass patches to water-retaining soils, yet its specific adaptations to these conditions remain unclear. We designed pot-based waterlogging experiments to compare 13 biotypes of black-grass and six cultivars of wheat. These showed that wheat roots induced aerenchyma when waterlogged whereas aerenchyma-like structures were constitutively present in black-grass. Aerial biomass of waterlogged wheat was smaller, whereas waterlogged black-grass was similar or larger. Variability in waterlogging responses within and between these species was correlated with transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaves of control or waterlogged plants. In wheat, transcripts associated with regulation and utilisation of phosphate compounds were upregulated and sugars and amino acids concentrations were increased. Black-grass biotypes showed limited molecular responses to waterlogging. Some black-grass amino acids were decreased and one transcript commonly upregulated was previously identified in screens for genes underpinning metabolism-based resistance to herbicides. Our findings provide insights into the different waterlogging tolerances of these species and may help to explain the previously observed patchiness of this weed's distribution in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harrison
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gianluca Ruvo
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Hughes
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Mead
- Rothamsted Research, Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Rothamsted Research, Plant Sciences for the Bioeconomy, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- International Consultant Crop Improvement and Food Security, Harpenden, UK
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Rothamsted Research, Protecting Crops and the Environment, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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2
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Mysrayn Yargo de Freitas Araújo Reis, Luísa de Melo Xavier A, Ramos Marques de Souza R, Morais de Meideiros Ramalho Í, Nascimento YMD, Leite Ferreira MD, Ponciano Goulart de Lima Damasceno B, Sobral MV, Sampaio FC. Pink pepper ( Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) essential oil: phytochemical composition and cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37991440 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2283756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) is a native species native from Central and South America that produces an essential oil (EOpp) with promising applications. This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of EOpp extracted from unripe (U-EOpp) and ripe (R-EOpp) pink pepper fruits. U-EOpp and R-EOpp were extracted using the hydrodistillation technique and analysed using NMR and GC-MS. U-EOpp and R-EOpp cytotoxic activity was assessed using HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) and SK-MEL-28 (malignant melanoma) cell lines by MTT assay. Results showed that α-pinene (29.16%), dl-Limonene (20.65%), and ρ-cymene (15.86%) were U-EOpp major components. In addition, l-phellandrene (38.91%), Sylvestrene (23.02%), and α-pinene (21.62%) were R-EOpp major components. U-EOpp showed cytotoxic activity at 37.5 and 18.7 µg/mL for SK-MEL-28 and HL-60, respectively. R-EOpp showed cytotoxic activity for HL-60 at 100 µg/mL. Therefore, EOpp may represent a remarkable source of active natural compounds used in traditional Brazilian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon Ramos Marques de Souza
- Graduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Graduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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3
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Köhler A, Förster N, Zander M, Ulrichs C. Inter- and intraspecific diversity of Salix bark phenolic profiles - A resource for the pharmaceutical industry. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105660. [PMID: 37648031 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to their content of phenolic compounds, willow bark preparations are used as an herbal remedy. The large diversity of phenolic secondary metabolites in Salix still provides a resource for the identification of bioactive compounds in particular species, including species not yet in focus from a phytopharmaceutical perspective. The present study describes the bark phenolic profile of 13 Salix species analyzed by HPLC-MS: Salix alba, Salix babylonica, Salix daphnoides, Salix fragilis, Salix hastata, Salix myrsinifolia, Salix pentandra, Salix purpurea, Salix repens (including subspecies S. repens ssp. arenaria and S. repens ssp. repens), Salix rosmarinifolia, Salix sachalinensis, Salix triandra and Salix viminalis. The analyzed profiles comprised the chemical groups of salicylates, flavonoids, procyanidins, phenolic acid derivatives, and some unclassified phenolics. Particular compounds were detected in species where they have not been previously reported. Apart from interspecific diversity, qualitative variability within species was observed as certain components were detected only in some of the analyzed genotypes. The knowledge on specific phenolic profiles of species and genotypes is the basis for the selection of suitable willow bark material with certain desired bioactive properties. Furthermore, the high inter- and intraspecific variability points out the necessity for product standardization of willow bark raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Köhler
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55/57, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Nadja Förster
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55/57, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Matthias Zander
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55/57, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55/57, Berlin 14195, Germany.
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4
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Pecio Ł, Otify AM, Saber FR, El-Amier YA, Shalaby ME, Kozachok S, Elmotayam AK, Świątek Ł, Skiba A, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Iphiona mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. A Comprehensive Phytochemical Study via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS in the Context of the Embryo- and Cytotoxicity Profiles. Molecules 2022; 27:7529. [PMID: 36364367 PMCID: PMC9656354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iphiona mucronata (Family Asteraceae) is widely distributed in the Eastern desert of Egypt. It is a promising plant material for phytochemical analysis and pharmacologic studies, and so far, its specific metabolites and biological activity have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we report on the detailed phytochemical study using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS approach. This analysis allowed the putative annotation of 48 metabolites belonging to various phytochemical classes, including mostly sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Further, zebrafish embryotoxicity has been carried out, where 100 µg/mL extract incubated for 72 h resulted in a slow touch response of the 10 examined larvae, which might be taken as a sign of a disturbed peripheral nervous system. Results of in vitro testing indicate moderate cytotoxicity towards VERO, FaDu, and HeLa cells with CC50 values between 91.6 and 101.7 µg/mL. However, selective antineoplastic activity in RKO cells with CC50 of 54.5 µg/mL was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive profile of I. mucronata secondary metabolites that provides chemical-based evidence for its biological effects. A further investigation should be carried out to precisely define the underlying mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Asmaa M. Otify
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Fatema R. Saber
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yasser A. El-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Moataz Essam Shalaby
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Solomiia Kozachok
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Amira K. Elmotayam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Elyasi L, Rosenholm JM, Jesmi F, Jahanshahi M. The Antioxidative Effects of Picein and Its Neuroprotective Potential: A Review of the Literature. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196189. [PMID: 36234724 PMCID: PMC9571929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the main cause of dementia in the elderly, having no cure to date, as the currently available therapies focus on symptom remission. Most NDDs will progress despite treatment and eventually result in the death of the patient after several years of a burden on both the patient and the caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate agents that tackle the disease pathogenesis and can efficiently slow down or halt disease progression, with the hope of curing the patients and preventing further burden and mortality. Accordingly, recent research has focused on disease-modifying treatments with neuroregenerative or neuroprotective effects. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of NDDs. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the damage to the central nervous system and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of unfolded proteins, including beta-amyloid (Aβ), tau proteins, and α-synuclein, have been suggested. Accordingly, cellular and molecular studies have investigated the efficacy of several natural compounds (herbs and nutritional agents) for their neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. The most popular herbs suggested for the treatment and/or prevention of NDDs include Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), ginseng, curcumin, resveratrol, Baccopa monnieri, and Ginkgo biloba. In some herbs, such as ginseng, preclinical and clinical evidence are available for supporting its effectiveness; however, in some others, only cellular and animal studies are available. In line with the scant literature in terms of the effectiveness of herbal compounds on NDDs, there are also other herbal agents that have been disregarded. Picein is one of the herbal agents that has been investigated in only a few studies. Picein is the active ingredient of several herbs and can be thus extracted from different types of herbs, which makes it more available. It has shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in cellular and plant studies; however, to date, only one study has suggested its neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, some cellular studies have shown no anti-inflammatory effect of picein. Therefore, a review of the available literature is required to summarize the results of studies on picein. To date, no review study seems to have addressed this issue. Thus, in the present study, we gather the available information about the antioxidative and potential neuroprotective properties of picein and its possible effectiveness in treating NDDs. We also summarize the plants from which picein can be extracted in order to guide researchers for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Elyasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4917955315, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +98-17-32453515
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fatemeh Jesmi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1415944911, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4917955315, Iran
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6
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Tienaho J, Reshamwala D, Sarjala T, Kilpeläinen P, Liimatainen J, Dou J, Viherä-Aarnio A, Linnakoski R, Marjomäki V, Jyske T. Salix spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities-The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:797939. [PMID: 34976988 PMCID: PMC8716786 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that the bark of Salix L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone. Therefore, the present study aimed to obtain information on the functional profiles of northern willow clones for the use of value-added bioactive solutions. Of the 16 willow clones studied here, 12 were examples of widely distributed native Finnish willow species, including dark-leaved willow (S. myrsinifolia Salisb.) and tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia L.) (3 + 4 clones, respectively) and their natural and artificial hybrids (3 + 2 clones, respectively). The four remaining clones were commercial willow varieties from the Swedish willow breeding program. Hot water extraction of bark under mild conditions was carried out. Bioactivity assays were used to screen antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, yeasticidal, and antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenolic content of the extracts. Additionally, we introduce a fast and less labor-intensive steam-debarking method for Salix spp. feedstocks. Clonal variation was observed in the antioxidant properties of the bark extracts of the 16 Salix spp. clones. High antiviral activity against a non-enveloped enterovirus, coxsackievirus A9, was found, with no marked differences in efficacy between the native clones. All the clones also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas no antifungal (Aspergillus brasiliensis) or yeasticidal (Candida albicans) efficacy was detected. When grouping the clone extract results into Salix myrsinifolia, Salix phylicifolia, native hybrid, artificial hybrid, and commercial clones, there was a significant difference in the activities between S. phylicifolia clone extracts and commercial clone extracts in the favor of S. phylicifolia in the antibacterial and antioxidant tests. In some antioxidant tests, S. phylicifolia clone extracts were also significantly more active than artificial clone extracts. Additionally, S. myrsinifolia clone extracts showed significantly higher activities in some antioxidant tests than commercial clone extracts and artificial clone extracts. Nevertheless, the bark extracts of native Finnish willow clones showed high bioactivity. The obtained knowledge paves the way towards developing high value-added biochemicals and other functional solutions based on willow biorefinery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anneli Viherä-Aarnio
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Sas E, Hennequin LM, Frémont A, Jerbi A, Legault N, Lamontagne J, Fagoaga N, Sarrazin M, Hallett JP, Fennell PS, Barnabé S, Labrecque M, Brereton NJB, Pitre FE. Biorefinery potential of sustainable municipal wastewater treatment using fast-growing willow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148146. [PMID: 34146806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of willow plantations can be a sustainable approach for treating primary municipal wastewater, potentially reducing both the environmental and economic burdens associated with conventional treatment. However, the impact of wastewater irrigation upon the willow biorefinery potential has not yet been established. To investigate this effect, three-year-old field grown willows were harvested from plots kept as either controls or irrigated with primary municipal wastewater effluent at 29.5 million L ha-1 yr-1. Biomass compositional analysis, ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification were assessed and differential abundance of persistent extractable phytochemicals was evaluated using untargeted metabolite profiling. Glucan significantly increased by 8% in wastewater treated trees, arabinose and galactose were significantly decreased by 8 and 29%, respectively, while xylose, mannose and lignin content were unaltered. Ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification efficiencies did not vary significantly, releasing >95% of the cell wall glucose and recovering 35% of the lignin. From a total of 213 phytochemical features, 83 were significantly depleted and 14 were significantly enriched due to wastewater irrigation, including flavonoids and lignan derivatives. Considered alongside increased biomass yield from wastewater irrigation (+200%), lignocellulosic bioenergy yields increased to 8.87 t glucose ha-1 yr-1 and 1.89 t ha-1 yr-1 recovered lignin, while net extractives yields increased to 1.48 t ha-1 yr-1, including phytochemicals of interest. The maintenance of glucose accessibility after low-cost ionic liquid pretreatment is promising evidence that sustainable lignocellulose bioenergy production can complement wastewater treatment. Untargeted metabolite assessment revealed some of the phytochemical toolkit employed by wastewater irrigated willows, including accumulation of flooding and salinity tolerance associated flavonoids glabraoside A and glabrene. The extractable phytochemicals underpin a novel high biomass phenotype in willow and, alongside lignocellulosic yields, could help enhance the economic feasibility of this clean wastewater treatment biotechnology through integration with sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sas
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - L M Hennequin
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Frémont
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - A Jerbi
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N Legault
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - J Lamontagne
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N Fagoaga
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Institut de recherche en économie contemporaine (IRÉC), 10555 Avenue de Bois-de-Boulogne, Montreal, QC H4N 1L4, Canada
| | - M Sarrazin
- Collège de Maisonneuve, CÉPROCQ, 6220 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1N 1C1, Canada
| | - J P Hallett
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P S Fennell
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Barnabé
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N J B Brereton
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - F E Pitre
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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8
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Antoniadou K, Herz C, Le NPK, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Förster N, Zander M, Ulrichs C, Mewis I, Hofmann T, Dawid C, Lamy E. Identification of Salicylates in Willow Bark ( Salix Cortex) for Targeting Peripheral Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11138. [PMID: 34681798 PMCID: PMC8540557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salix cortex-containing medicine is used against pain conditions, fever, headaches, and inflammation, which are partly mediated via arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins (PGs). We used an activity-guided fractionation strategy, followed by structure elucidation experiments using LC-MS/MS, CD-spectroscopy, and 1D/2D NMR techniques, to identify the compounds relevant for the inhibition of PGE2 release from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Subsequent compound purification by means of preparative and semipreparative HPLC revealed 2'-O-acetylsalicortin (1), 3'-O-acetylsalicortin (2), 2'-O-acetylsalicin (3), 2',6'-O-diacetylsalicortin (4), lasiandrin (5), tremulacin (6), and cinnamrutinose A (7). In contrast to 3 and 7, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 showed inhibitory activity against PGE2 release with different potencies. Polyphenols were not relevant for the bioactivity of the Salix extract but salicylates, which degrade to, e.g., catechol, salicylic acid, salicin, and/or 1-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-cycohexenecarboxylate. Inflammation presents an important therapeutic target for pharmacological interventions; thus, the identification of relevant key drugs in Salix could provide new prospects for the improvement and standardization of existing clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Antoniadou
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nguyen Phan Khoi Le
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Förster
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Zander
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Mewis
- Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Langeder J, Grienke U, Döring K, Jafari M, Ehrhardt C, Schmidtke M, Rollinger JM. High-performance Countercurrent Chromatography to Access Rhodiola rosea Influenza Virus Inhibiting Constituents. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:818-826. [PMID: 32781473 DOI: 10.1055/a-1228-8473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a cytopathic effect inhibition assay, a standardized Rhodiola rosea root and rhizome extract, also known as roseroot extract (SHR-5), exerted distinct anti-influenza A virus activity against HK/68 (H3N2) (IC50 of 2.8 µg/mL) without being cytotoxic. For fast and efficient isolation and identification of the extract's bioactive constituents, a high-performance countercurrent chromatographic separation method was developed. It resulted in a three-stage gradient elution program using a mobile phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (1 : 4 : 5 → 2 : 3 : 5 → 3 : 2 : 5) in the reversed-phase mode. The elaborated high-performance countercurrent chromatographic method allowed for fractionation of the complex roseroot extract in a single chromatographic step in a way that only one additional orthogonal isolation/purification step per fraction yielded 12 isolated constituents. They cover a broad polarity range and belong to different structural classes, namely, the phenylethanoid tyrosol and its glucoside salidroside, the cinnamyl alcohol glycosides rosavin, rosarin, and rosin as well as gallic acid, the cyanogenic glucoside lotaustralin, the monoterpene glucosides rosiridin and kenposide A, and the flavonoids tricin, tricin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and rhodiosin. The most promising anti-influenza activities were determined for rhodiosin, tricin, and tricin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside with IC50 values of 7.9, 13, and 15 µM, respectively. The herein established high-performance countercurrent chromatographic protocol enables fast and scalable access to major as well as minor roseroot constituents. This is of particular relevance for extract standardization, quality control, and further in-depth pharmacological investigations of the metabolites of this popular traditional herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Langeder
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Döring
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University, Jena, Germany
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10
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Tawfeek N, Mahmoud MF, Hamdan DI, Sobeh M, Farrag N, Wink M, El-Shazly AM. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Medicinal Uses of Plants of the Genus Salix: An Updated Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593856. [PMID: 33643045 PMCID: PMC7908037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Willows (genus Salix), with more than 330–500 species and 200 hybrids, are trees, shrubs or prostrate plants that are widely distributed in Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus is traditionally used in folk medicine and represents a valuable source of biologically active compounds among them salicin, a prodrug for salicylic acid. Altogether, 322 secondary metabolites were characterized in the genus including flavonoids 94) (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins), chalcones, dihydrochalcone, anthocyanins, dihydroflavonols), phenolic glycosides (76), organic acids (28), and non-phenolic glycosides (17), sterols and terpenes (17), simple phenolics 13) and lignans 7) in addition to volatiles and fatty acids (69). Furthermore, willows exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. The current review provides an updated summary of the importance of willows, their chemical composition and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Tawfeek
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Nawaal Farrag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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11
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Ward JL, Wu Y, Harflett C, Onafuye H, Corol D, Lomax C, Macalpine WJ, Cinatl J, Wass MN, Michaelis M, Beale MH. Miyabeacin: A new cyclodimer presents a potential role for willow in cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6477. [PMID: 32296088 PMCID: PMC7160102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Willow (Salix spp.) is well known as a source of medicinal compounds, the most famous being salicin, the progenitor of aspirin. Here we describe the isolation, structure determination, and anti-cancer activity of a cyclodimeric salicinoid (miyabeacin) from S. miyabeana and S. dasyclados. We also show that the capability to produce such dimers is a heritable trait and how variation in structures of natural miyabeacin analogues is derived via cross-over Diels-Alder reactions from pools of ortho-quinol precursors. These transient ortho-quinols have a role in the, as yet uncharacterised, biosynthetic pathways around salicortin, the major salicinoid of many willow genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Ward
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Claudia Harflett
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Hannah Onafuye
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Delia Corol
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - William J Macalpine
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark N Wass
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Michael H Beale
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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