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Liu Y, Ren H, Li K. Litsea cubeba essential oil: Extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and applications in the food industry. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4583-4603. [PMID: 39013008 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae) is a valuable industrial crop that produces essential oil. The essential oil extracted from L. cubeba (LCEO) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high antioxidant properties, with great potential for increased usage in the food industry. This literature review summarizes the extraction techniques, content and chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of LCEO, with a focus on its usage in the food industry, which is an area of substantial recent research. The chemical composition of LCEO, which is affected by various factors, plays a key role in determining its bioactivity and usage in food. The potent antimicrobial activity of LCEO against various foodborne pathogens gives it potential for use in food packaging and preservation to extend shelf life. Future research challenges include the elucidation of the role and mechanism of individual chemical components of LCEO in inhibiting specific foodborne microorganisms; cultivar development to produce germplasm that yields essential oils of the desired chemical composition; and the development of commercial products that can be used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kehu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Markovskaja S, Iršėnaitė R, Kačergius A, Sauliutė G, Stankevičiūtė M. Diversity of fungus-like stramenopilous organisms (Oomycota) in Lithuanian freshwater aquaculture: Morphological and molecular analysis, risk to fish health. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13903. [PMID: 38087880 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The present work is the first comprehensive study of fungus-like stramenopilous organisms (Oomycota) diversity in Lithuanian fish farms aimed at proper identification of saprolegniasis pathogens, which is important for water quality control, monitoring infection levels and choosing more effective treatments for this disease in aquaculture. Pathogenic to fish, Saprolegnia and other potentially pathogenic water moulds were isolated from adult fish, their eggs, fry and from water samples. All detected isolates were examined morphologically and confirmed by sequence-based molecular methods. A total of eight species belonging to the genera Saprolegnia, Achlya, Newbya and Pythium were identified. Four species (S. parasitica, S. ferax, S. australis and S. diclina) were found to be the main causative agents of saprolegniasis in Lithuania. S. parasitica and S. ferax dominated both in hatcheries and open fishponds, accounting for 66.2% of all isolates. S. parasitica was isolated from all farmed salmonid fish species as well as from the skin of Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius and Perca fluviatilis. S. australis was isolated from water and once from the skin of Oncorhynchus mykiss, and S. diclina was detected only once on the skin of Salmo salar fish. In addition, Achlya ambisexualis, Saprolegnia anisospora and Newbia oligocantha isolated during this study are noted as a possible source of saprolegniasis. The results of this study are relevant for assessing the risk of potential outbreaks of saprolegniasis or other saprolegnia-like infection in Lithuanian freshwater aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reda Iršėnaitė
- Laboratory of Mycology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Kačergius
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Limited Probiotic Effect of Enterococcus gallinarum L1, Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and Lactobacillus plantarum CLFP3 to Protect Rainbow Trout against Saprolegniosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050954. [PMID: 36899810 PMCID: PMC10000206 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the strains Enterococcus gallinarum L1, Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and Lactobacillus plantarum CLFP3 are probiotics against vibriosis or lactococosis in sea bass or rainbow trout. In this study, the utility of these bacterial strains in the control of saprolegniosis was evaluated. For this purpose, both in vitro inhibition studies and competition for binding sites against Saprolegnia parasitica and in vivo tests with experimentally infected rainbow trout were carried out. In the in vitro tests, the three isolates showed inhibitory activity upon mycelium growth and cyst germination and reduced the adhesion of cysts to cutaneous mucus; however, this effect depended on the number of bacteria used and the incubation time. In the in vivo test, the bacteria were administered orally at 108 CFU g-1 in the feed or at 106 CFU ml-1 in the tank water for 14 days. None of the three bacteria showed protection against S. parasitica infection either through water or feed, and the cumulative mortality reached 100% within 14 days post infection. The obtained results show that the use of an effective probiotic against a certain disease in a host may not be effective against another pathogen or in another host and that the results obtained in vitro may not always predict the effects when used in vivo.
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Chen J, Zhang J, Zhu L, Qian C, Tian H, Zhao Z, Jin L, Yang D. Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil From Litsea cubeba Against Cutibacterium acnes and the Investigations of Its Potential Mechanism by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:823845. [PMID: 35308342 PMCID: PMC8924494 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.823845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium generally considered as a human skin commensal, but is also involved in different infections, such as acne and surgical infections. Although there are a variety of treatments, the side effects and the problem of bacterial drug resistance still limit their clinical usage. In this study, we found that essential oil (EO) distilled from fresh mature Litsea cubeba possessed promising antibacterial activity against C. acnes. In order to elucidate its potential mechanism, bacteriostatic activity test, Live/Dead kit assay, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and metabolomics were employed. In addition, the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in bacterium and the activities of key enzymes involved in critical metabolic pathways were detected using a variety of biochemical assays. The results showed that EO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against C. acnes at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 400 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 800 μg/mL, and EO could destroy C. acnes morphology and inhibit its growth. Moreover, results from our study showed that EO had a significant effect on the C. acnes normal metabolism. In total, 86 metabolites were altered, and 34 metabolic pathways related to the carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, as well as cell wall and cell membrane synthesis were perturbed after EO administration. The synthesis of ATP in bacterial cells was also severely inhibited, and the activities of key enzymes of the glycolysis and Wood-Werkman cycle were significantly affected (Pyruvate Carboxylase, Malate Dehydrogenase and Pyruvate kinase activities were decreased, and Hexokinase was increased). Taken together, these results illustrated that the bacteriostatic effect of EO against C. acnes by breaking the bacterial cell morphology and perturbing cell metabolism, including inhibition of key enzyme activity and ATP synthesis. The results from our study may shed new light on the discovery of novel drugs with more robust efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longping Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunguo Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongru Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chemical Analysis and In Vitro Bioactivity of Essential Oil of Laurelia sempervirens and Safrole Derivatives against Oomycete Fish Pathogens. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216551. [PMID: 34770960 PMCID: PMC8588113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the essential oil (EO) from Laurelia sempervirens was analyzed by GC/MS and safrole (1) was identified as the major metabolite 1, was subjected to direct reactions on the oxygenated groups in the aromatic ring and in the side chain, and eight compounds (4 to 12) were obtained by the process. EO and compounds 4–12 were subjected to biological assays on 24 strains of the genus Saprolegnia, specifically of the species 12 S. parasitica and 12 S. australis. EO showed a significant effect against Saprolegnia strains. Compound 6 presents the highest activity against two resistant strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum oomyceticidal concentration (MOC) values of 25 to 100 and 75 to 125 µg/mL, respectively. The results show that compound 6 exhibited superior activities compared to the commercial controls bronopol and azoxystrobin used to combat these pathogens.
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6
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Duque LS, Marchesini P, Monteiro C, Gomes GA, Soares Rodrigues TH, Mesquita DM, Teixeira ALC, Vale da Silva FL, Marreto LCNL, Maturano R. Acaricidal activity of the essential oils from Leptospermum scoparium, Origanum vulgare and Litsea cubeba on Rhipicephalus microplus: Influence of the solvents and search for fractions with higher bioactivity. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109606. [PMID: 34735845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products in research on tick control for Rhipicephalus microplus is increasing year by year, with promising results. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to phytochemically characterize the essential oils (EOs) of Leptospermum scoparium, Origanum vulgare and Litsea cubeba, and to evaluate the acaricidal activity of these EOs in solutions prepared using ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween 80 on larvae and females of R. microplus. In addition, three L. scoparium fractions were also isolated and their acaricidal activity on these larvae and adult females was tested. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry results showed that cis-calamenene (29.82 %), carvacrol (64.85 %) and geranial (42.44 %) were the majority compounds of L. scoparium, O. vulgare and L. cubeba, respectively. Three fractions were isolated from L. scoparium: A1, rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and A2 and A3, rich in β-triketones. Bioassays on unfed larvae (immersion test) were performed using all the EOs at concentrations from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/mL; and using the three fractions obtained from L. scoparium EO at concentrations from 0.625 to 10 mg/mL. We observed 100 % mortality of larvae in all treatments with L. scoparium EO at all concentrations (diluted both in DMSO and in ethanol), and in treatments with O. vulgare EO diluted in DMSO. However, L. cubeba EO only gave rise to more than 99 % mortality at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, using the same solvents. For engorged females, the immersion test was performed at concentrations from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/mL. Percentage control greater than 90 % was observed only at the highest concentrations of L. scoparium and O. vulgare EOs diluted in DMSO and ethanol, while L. cubeba EO did not reach 90 % control in any of the treatments. In tests on L. scoparium fractions, larval mortality in the fractions rich in β-triketones (A2 and A3) was above 97 % at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, while in the A1 fraction, rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, at the same concentration (2.5 mg/mL), mortality did not reach 22 %. In the adult immersion test, the percentage control was higher than 98 % at the lowest concentration (2.5 mg/mL) of the A1 fraction, while in the treatments with the fractions A2 and A3, the control levels were 16 and 50 %, respectively. Thus, we can conclude that the EOs of L. scoparium, O. vulgare and L. cubeba have acaricidal activity on R. microplus, as also do the fractions derived from L. scoparium EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Senra Duque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Geovany Amorim Gomes
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Diones Martins Mesquita
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nanosistemas e Dispositivos de Entrega de Medicamentos (NanoSYS), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale da Silva
- Laboratório de Nanosistemas e Dispositivos de Entrega de Medicamentos (NanoSYS), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Laís Carneiro Naziasene Lima Marreto
- Laboratório de Nanosistemas e Dispositivos de Entrega de Medicamentos (NanoSYS), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ralph Maturano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Miljanović A, Grbin D, Pavić D, Dent M, Jerković I, Marijanović Z, Bielen A. Essential Oils of Sage, Rosemary, and Bay Laurel Inhibit the Life Stages of Oomycete Pathogens Important in Aquaculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081676. [PMID: 34451721 PMCID: PMC8401702 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Saprolegnia parasitica, the causative agent of saprolegniosis in fish, and Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of crayfish plague, are oomycete pathogens that cause economic losses in aquaculture. Since toxic chemicals are currently used to control them, we aimed to investigate their inhibition by essential oils of sage, rosemary, and bay laurel as environmentally acceptable alternatives. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the essential oils tested were rich in bioactive volatiles, mainly monoterpenes. Mycelium and zoospores of A. astaci were more sensitive compared to those of S. parasitica, where only sage essential oil completely inhibited mycelial growth. EC50 values (i.e., concentrations of samples at which the growth was inhibited by 50%) for mycelial growth determined by the radial growth inhibition assay were 0.031-0.098 µL/mL for A. astaci and 0.040 µL/mL for S. parasitica. EC50 values determined by the zoospore germination inhibition assay were 0.007-0.049 µL/mL for A. astaci and 0.012-0.063 µL/mL for S. parasitica. The observed inhibition, most pronounced for sage essential oil, could be partly due to dominant constituents of the essential oils, such as camphor, but more likely resulted from a synergistic effect of multiple compounds. Our results may serve as a basis for in vivo experiments and the development of environmentally friendly methods to control oomycete pathogens in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Miljanović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (D.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Dorotea Grbin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (D.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Dora Pavić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (D.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Maja Dent
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (D.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (I.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zvonimir Marijanović
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia; (I.J.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ana Bielen
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.); (D.G.); (D.P.); (M.D.)
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Lavrinenko IV, Shulha LV, Peredera ОО, Zhernosik IA, Peredera RV. Efficacy of acriflavin chloride and Melaleuca alternifolia extract against Saprolegnia parasitica infection in Pterophyllum scalare. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The article describes cases of saprolegniosis in Pterophyllum scalare in private aquaristics and assesses the therapeutic efficacy of acriflafin chloride against Saprolegnia parasitica infection. To establish the diagnosis, the clinical signs present in sick fish, the results of mycological and microscopic examinations are taken into account. Some chemical and mycological indices of aquarium water have been studied, and also mycological studies of fish feed have been carried out. It is established that the disease of fish develops against the background of adverse changes in physical, chemical composition and microbiocenosis of aquarium water. Low water temperature, high levels of phosphates and pH, a significant level of organic pollution, compared to the norm, provoke the accumulation of opportunistic microbiota, resulting in imbalance in the parasite-host system and the development of clinical manifestations of saprolegniosis in fish. It was found that 44.4% of the studied feed samples fed to fish were contaminated with epiphytic micromycetes. Micromycetes are represented by the genera Aspergillus, Penicilium, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus. Among the studied feeds, the most affected by fungi were larvae of Chironomus plumosus and dry Daphnia pulex. According to the results of our studies during outbreaks of saprolegniosis, the pH of aquarium water was 8.1 ± 0.7, the content of phosphates – 5.6 ± 1.1 mg/L, micromycetes – 18.0 ± 1.2 CFU/100 cm3. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium canescens were detected in the studied water samples. With saprolegniosis, the angelfish have a reduced appetite, spots, ulcers, white thin threads, and a cotton-like plaque appear on certain areas of the skin, fins, eyes, and gills. It is established that effective means for the treatment of sick fish are external use in the form of a long bath of acriflavine chloride and extract of Melaleuca alternifolia. It is also effective to increase the water temperature to 25–27 °С, to ensure the normative fish-holding density in aquariums and to exclude from the diet fish feed contaminated with micromycetes. After using the drugs for two weeks every other day, water was replaced by 20% of the aquarium volume and aerated. As a result of the treatment, gradual healing of skin lesions and recovery of 65% of fish with signs of lesions of the outer coverings were registered. Thus, the article analyzes the causes of saprolegniosis in angelfish common in private aquariums, describes the clinical signs of the disease and assesses the therapeutic efficacy of acriflavine chloride and Melaleuca alternifolia extract against Saprolegnia parasitica infection. Prospects for further research lie in search of more effective and environmentally friendly means for the treatment of saprolegniosis in aquarium fish.
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SIVAMARUTHI BS, KESIKA P, CHAIYASUT C. The composition, pharmacological and economic importance of essential oil of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.35720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Ebani VV, Mancianti F. Use of Essential Oils in Veterinary Medicine to Combat Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E193. [PMID: 33266079 PMCID: PMC7712454 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites of plants employed in folk medicine for a long time thanks to their multiple properties. In the last years, their use has been introduced in veterinary medicine, too. The study of the antibacterial properties of EOs is of increasing interest, because therapies with alternative drugs are welcome to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Other issues could be resolved by EOs employment, such as the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin and in environment. Although the in vitro antimicrobial activity of EOs has been frequently demonstrated in studies carried out on bacterial and fungal strains of different origins, there is a lack of information about their effectiveness in treating infections in animals. The scientific literature reports some studies about in vitro EOs' activity against animal clinical bacterial and fungal isolates, but in vivo studies are very scanty. The use of EOs in therapy of companion and farm animals should follow careful studies on the toxicity of these natural products in relation to animal species and route of administration. Moreover, considering the different behavior of EOs in relation to both species and strain pathogen, before starting a therapy, an aromatogram should be executed to choose the oil with the best antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Giovanelli S, Ciccarelli D, Giusti G, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Pistelli L. Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor
Citrus
fruits (Rutaceae). FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Giusti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute ‘NUTRAFOOD’ Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute ‘NUTRAFOOD’ Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
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12
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Mancianti F, Ebani VV. Biological Activity of Essential Oils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030678. [PMID: 32033336 PMCID: PMC7037813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2 I 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 I 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2 I 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute “Nutrafood”, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80 I 56124 Pisa, Italy
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