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Duan H, Zhang J, Weng Y, Fan Z, Fan LJ. Dynamic Fluorescent Anti-Counterfeiting Labels Based on Conjugated Polymers Confined in Submicron Fibrous Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32510-32521. [PMID: 35818136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing a new anti-counterfeiting strategy is of great significance to combating the global counterfeiting problem. Here we report the construction of a dynamic fluorescence response system for anti-counterfeiting by combining the photochromism induced by the ring-opening of spiropyran (SP) to merocyanine (MC) with the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the conjugated polymer and MC. After elucidating the design principle, a new conjugated polymer, PPETE-SP, consisting of a poly[p-(phenylene ethynylene)-alt-(thienylene-ethynylene)] (PPETE) backbone with pendant SP, was synthesized and characterized. With poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the matrix, the PPETE-SP/PMMA fibrous membrane was prepared via electrospinning. Under the irradiation of UV light, the fluorescent color of the membrane dynamically changed from green to light green, then light pink, and finally pink, and this process was reversible under visible light. The fluorescence emission switch was examined for 10 cycles and proved to have good repeatability, indicating that the membrane can be directly used as an anti-counterfeiting label for multiple verifications. The FRET efficiency was found to be about 61% based on the FRET study with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The covalent bonding between PPETE backbone and SP, the confinement of PPETE-SP chains in the fibrous membrane, as well as employing PMMA as the matrix were demonstrated to be crucial in realizing the photochromism and the FRET. Different anti-counterfeiting modes were proposed, providing rich selections for operation of verification. Such facile-to-operate and hard-to-imitate dynamic fluorescent responsive materials are very promising for use in practical anti-counterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatian Duan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Weng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Fan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Fan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Reifarth M, Bekir M, Bapolisi AM, Titov E, Nußhardt F, Nowaczyk J, Grigoriev D, Sharma A, Saalfrank P, Santer S, Hartlieb M, Böker A. A Dual pH‐ and Light‐Responsive Spiropyran‐Based Surfactant: Investigations on Its Switching Behavior and Remote Control over Emulsion Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114687. [PMID: 35178847 PMCID: PMC9400902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A cationic surfactant containing a spiropyran unit is prepared exhibiting a dual‐responsive adjustability of its surface‐active characteristics. The switching mechanism of the system relies on the reversible conversion of the non‐ionic spiropyran (SP) to a zwitterionic merocyanine (MC) and can be controlled by adjusting the pH value and via light, resulting in a pH‐dependent photoactivity: While the compound possesses a pronounced difference in surface activity between both forms under acidic conditions, this behavior is suppressed at a neutral pH level. The underlying switching processes are investigated in detail, and a thermodynamic explanation based on a combination of theoretical and experimental results is provided. This complex stimuli‐responsive behavior enables remote‐control of colloidal systems. To demonstrate its applicability, the surfactant is utilized for the pH‐dependent manipulation of oil‐in‐water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reifarth
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Marek Bekir
- University of Potsdam Institute of Physics and Astronomy Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alain M. Bapolisi
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Evgenii Titov
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Fabian Nußhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Julius Nowaczyk
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Dmitry Grigoriev
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Anjali Sharma
- University of Potsdam Institute of Physics and Astronomy Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Svetlana Santer
- University of Potsdam Institute of Physics and Astronomy Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Matthias Hartlieb
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- University of Potsdam Institute of Chemistry Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
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Reifarth M, Bekir M, Bapolisi AM, Titov E, Nußhardt F, Nowaczyk J, Grigoriev D, Sharma A, Saalfrank P, Santer S, Hartlieb M, Böker A. A Dual pH and Light‐Responsive Spiropyrane‐Based Surfactant: Investigations on its Switching Behavior and Remote Control over Emulsion Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reifarth
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Marek Bekir
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Alain M. Bapolisi
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Evgenii Titov
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Fabian Nußhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP Life Sciences and Bioprocesses GERMANY
| | - Julius Nowaczyk
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Dmitry Grigoriev
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research: Fraunhofer-Institut fur Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP Life Sciences and Bioprocesses GERMANY
| | - Anjali Sharma
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Physik GERMANY
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Svetlana Santer
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Physik GERMANY
| | - Matthias Hartlieb
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institut für Chemie GERMANY
| | - Alexander Böker
- Universität Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologienlächen Geiselbergstrasse 69 D-14476 Potsdam GERMANY
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Complementary Color Tuning by HCl via Phosphorescence-to-Fluorescence Conversion on Insulated Metallopolymer Film and Its Light-Induced Acceleration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010244. [PMID: 31968592 PMCID: PMC7023531 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An insulated metallopolymer that undergoes phosphorescence-to-fluorescence conversion between complementary colors by an acid-stimulus is proposed as a color-tunable material. A Pt-based phosphorescent metallopolymer, where the conjugated polymeric backbone is insulated by a cyclodextrin, is depolymerized by HCl via acidic cleavage of Pt-acetylide bonds to form a fluorescent monomer. The insulation enables phosphorescence-to-fluorescence conversion to take place in the solid film. Rapid color change was achieved by accelerating the reaction between the metallopolymer and HCl by UV irradiation. These approaches are expected to provide new guidelines for the development of next-generation color-tunable materials and printable sensors based on precise molecular engineering.
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Kang J, Ni J, Li Y, Zhang J. Synthesis, structure and dual-stimulus-responsive luminescence switching of a new platinum(II) complex based on 3-trimethylsilylethynyl-1,10-phenanthroline. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hopkins J, Fidanovski K, Lauto A, Mawad D. All-Organic Semiconductors for Electrochemical Biosensors: An Overview of Recent Progress in Material Design. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:237. [PMID: 31608275 PMCID: PMC6773807 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors remain of major interest in the field of bioelectrochemistry for their versatility in chemical and electrochemical behavior. These materials have been tailored using organic synthesis for use in cell stimulation, sustainable energy production, and in biosensors. Recent progress in the field of fully organic semiconductor biosensors is outlined in this review, with a particular emphasis on the synthetic tailoring of these semiconductors for their intended application. Biosensors ultimately function on the basis of a physical, optical or electrochemical change which occurs in the active material when it encounters the target analyte. Electrochemical biosensors are becoming increasingly popular among organic semiconductor biosensors, owing to their good detection performances, and simple operation. The analyte either interacts directly with the semiconductor material in a redox process or undergoes a redox process with a moiety such as an enzyme attached to the semiconductor material. The electrochemical signal is then transduced through the semiconductor material. The most recent examples of organic semiconductor biosensors are discussed here with reference to the material design of polymers with semiconducting backbones, specifically conjugated polymers, and polymer semiconducting dyes. We conclude that direct interaction between the analyte and the semiconducting material is generally more sensitive and cost effective, despite being currently limited by the need to identify, and synthesize selective sensing functionalities. It is also worth noting the potential roles of highly-sensitive, organic transistor devices and small molecule semiconductors, such as the photochromic and redox active molecule spiropyran, as polymer pendant groups in future biosensor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hopkins
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Fidanovski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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