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Piplani P, Kumar A, Kulshreshtha A, Vohra T, Piplani V. Recent Development of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: An Update. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1001-1030. [PMID: 37909434 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264264230921080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat that occurs when bacterial or fungal infections do not respond to the drug regimen designed to treat these infections. As a result, these microbes are not evaded and continue to grow. Antibiotic resistance against natural and already-known antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Novobiocin can be overcome by developing an agent that can act in different ways. The success of agents like Zodiflodacin and Zenoxacin in clinical trials against DNA gyrase inhibitors that act on different sites of DNA gyrase has resulted in further exploration of this target. However, due to the emergence of bacterial resistance against these targets, there is a great need to design agents that can overcome this resistance and act with greater efficacy. This review provides information on the synthetic and natural DNA gyrase inhibitors that have been developed recently and their promising potential for combating antimicrobial resistance. The review also presents information on molecules that are in clinical trials and their current status. It also analysed the SAR studies and mechanisms of action of enlisted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Piplani
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Akanksha Kulshreshtha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Tamanna Vohra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Vritti Piplani
- Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, 173205, India
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2
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Kumar R, Kamal R, Kumar V. α‐Aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy Ketones as Versatile Precursors: Convenient, Direct, Metal Free and Regioselective Synthesis of 4,5‐Diaryl/1,4,5‐Triaryl Pyrazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College Department of Chemistry M. M. Engineering College,Maharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Mullana 133207 Ambala INDIA
| | - Raj Kamal
- Kurukshetra University Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119 Kurukshetra INDIA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- CCS HAU: Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Department of Chemistry Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry & MAP Section,Department of Genetics and Plant BreedingCCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 125004 Hisar INDIA
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3
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Mishra NP, Mohapatra S, Das T, Nayak S. Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine as a promising scaffold for the development of antibacterial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tapaswini Das
- Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack India
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4
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Payne M, Bottomley AL, Och A, Asmara AP, Harry EJ, Ung AT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-substituted pyrazoles as possible antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 48:116401. [PMID: 34555556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has increased the need for novel antibiotics to help overcome what may be considered the greatest threat to modern medicine. Here we report the synthesis of fifteen novel 3,5-diaryl-1H- pyrazoles obtained via one-pot cyclic oxidation of a chalcone and hydrazine-monohydrate. The synthesised pyrazoles were then screened against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to determine their antibacterial potential. The results show that compound 7p is bacteriostatic at MIC 8 µg/mL. The compound is non-toxic against healthy mammalian cells, 3T3-L1 at the highest test concentration 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, compound 7p significantly affected bacterial morphogenesis before cell lysis in Bacillus subtilis when treated above the MIC concentration. From the results, a promising lead compound was identified for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Payne
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amy L Bottomley
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anthony Och
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anjar P Asmara
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Harry
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alison T Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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5
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Naphthalen-2-yl 1-(benzamido(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously published new biheterocyclic phospohonic α-amino esters of the 1,2,3-triazole-benzimidazole and 1,2,3-triazole-carbazole type. The aim of the present paper was to describe a new phosponic aminoester bearing a triazole ring substituted in position 5 by an ester group. Thus, according to the same catalytic process used previously, the compound naphthalen-2-yl 1-(benzamido(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate was synthesized with an excellent yield and high regioselectivity via the copper (I)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), using diethyl (α-azido(benzamido)methyl)phosphonate (1) as a dipole and 2- naphthyl propiolate as a dipolarophile (2). The structure of the new compound was fully characterized by 1D (31P, 1H-, 13C-) and 2D (1H-1H and 1H-, 13C-) NMR spectroscopy, IR, and HRMS.
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Kuntala N, Mareddy J, Telu JR, Banothu V, Pal S, Anireddy JS. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs based new 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives: Their design, one‐pot synthesis and in vitro evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kuntala
- Center for Chemical Sciences and Technology Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Jyoti Mareddy
- Department of Chemistry MNR Degree & PG College, Kukatpally Hyderabad India
| | - Jhonsee Rani Telu
- Center for Chemical Sciences and Technology Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Venkanna Banothu
- Center for Biotechnology Institute of Science and Technology, Jawarharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Sarbani Pal
- Department of Chemistry MNR Degree & PG College, Kukatpally Hyderabad India
| | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Center for Chemical Sciences and Technology Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Hyderabad India
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Mustaqeem Abdullah M, Siddiqui NA, Mothana RA, Nasr FA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Almarfadi OM, Karim S, Haider K, Rafi Haider M, Shahar Yar M. Design, in-silico study and biological evaluation of newly synthesized 3-chlorobenzofuran congeners as antitubercular agents. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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El-Shershaby MH, El-Gamal KM, Bayoumi AH, El-Adl K, Alswah M, Ahmed HEA, Al-Karmalamy AA, Abulkhair HS. The antimicrobial potential and pharmacokinetic profiles of novel quinoline-based scaffolds: synthesis and in silico mechanistic studies as dual DNA gyrase and DHFR inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of pathogenic microbes to currently available antimicrobial agents has been considered a global alarming concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. El-Shershaby
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Nasr City 11884
- Egypt
| | - Kamal M. El-Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Nasr City 11884
- Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Bayoumi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Nasr City 11884
- Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Nasr City 11884
- Egypt
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Nasr City 11884
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Horus University - Egypt
- New Damietta
- Egypt
| | - Hamada S. Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Nasr City 11884
- Egypt
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Jaswal S, Nehra B, Kumar S, Monga V. Recent advancements in the medicinal chemistry of bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104266. [PMID: 33142421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication proteins are sought as a potential targets for antimicrobial agents. Despite their promising target characteristics, only topoisomerase II inhibitors targeting DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV have reached clinical use. Topoisomerases are the enzymes that are essential for cellular functions and various biological activities. A wide range of natural and synthetic compounds have been identified as potential topoisomerase inhibitors but the resistance is most commonly found in these drugs. The emergence of FQ resistance has increased the need for the development of novel topoisomerase inhibitors with efficacy and high potency against FQ-resistant strains. Besides structural modifications of existing FQ scaffolds, novel non-quinolone topoisomerase II inhibitors, known as novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors, have been developed which showed remarkable inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV or both with an improved spectrum of antibacterial potency including drug-resistant strains. This review aims to summarize various recent advancements in the medicinal chemistry of topoisomerase inhibitors with the following objectives: (1) To represent inclusive data on types of topoisomerases and various marketed topoisomerase inhibitors as drugs; (2) To discuss the recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of various topoisomerase inhibitors (DNA gyrase and topo IV) belonging to different structural classes as potential antibacterial agents; (3) To summarizes the structure activity relationship (SAR) including in silico and mechanistic studies to afford ideas and to provide focused direction for the development of new chemical entities which are effective against drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupender Nehra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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10
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Recent advances in DNA gyrase-targeted antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Naveen, Tittal RK, Ghule VD, Kumar N, Kumar L, Lal K, Kumar A. Design, synthesis, biological activity, molecular docking and computational studies on novel 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazole-Thiosemicarbazone hybrid molecules. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Liu H, Xia DG, Chu ZW, Hu R, Cheng X, Lv XH. Novel coumarin-thiazolyl ester derivatives as potential DNA gyrase Inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103907. [PMID: 32413631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of novel coumarin-thiazolyl ester derivatives of potent DNA gyrase inhibitory activity were the main aims of this study. All the novel synthesized compounds were examined for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Compound 8p exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against four bacteria strains with MIC values of 0.05, 0.05, 8, and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. In vitro drug-resistant bacterial inhibition experiments indicated that compound 8p exhibited the best bacteriostatic effect in the selected compounds and four positive control drugs with MIC values of 4 μg/mL. In vitro enzyme inhibitory assay showed that compound 8p exhibited potent inhibition against DNA gyrase with IC50 values of 0.13 μM. The molecular docking model indicated that compounds 8p can bind well to the DNA gyrase by interacting with amino acid residues. This study demonstrated that the compound 8p can act as the most potent DNA gyrase inhibitor in the reported series of compounds and provide valuable information for the commercial DNA gyrase inhibiting bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Guo Xia
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Chu
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hu
- Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Hai Lv
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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13
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She P, Li S, Zhou L, Luo Z, Liao J, Xu L, Zeng X, Chen T, Liu Y, Wu Y. Insights into idarubicin antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence 2020; 11:636-651. [PMID: 32423280 PMCID: PMC7549941 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1770493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRSA is a major concern in community settings and in health care. The emergence of biofilms and persister cells substantially increases its antimicrobial resistance. It is very urgent to develop new antimicrobials to solve this problem. OBJECTIVE Idarubicin was profiled to assess its antimicrobial effects in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We investigated the antimicrobial effects of idarubicin against MRSA by time-kill analysis. The antibiofilm efficacy of idarubicin was assessed by crystal violet and XTT staining, followed by laser confocal microscopy observation. The mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial effects were studied by transmission electron microscopy, all-atom molecular dynamic simulations, SYTOX staining, surface plasma resonance, and DNA gyrase inhibition assay. Further, we addressed the antimicrobial efficacy in wound and subcutaneous abscess infection in vivo. RESULTS Idarubicin kills MRSA cells by disrupting the lipid bilayers and interrupting the DNA topoisomerase IIA subunits, and idarubicin shows synergistic antimicrobial effects with fosfomycin. Through synergy with a single dose treatment fosfomycin and the addition of the cell protector amifostine, the cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of idarubicin were significantly reduced without affecting its antimicrobial effects. Idarubicin alone or in combination with fosfomycin exhibited considerable efficacy in a subcutaneous abscess mouse model of MRSA infection. In addition, idarubicin also showed a low probability of causing resistance and good postantibiotic effects. CONCLUSIONS Idarubicin and its analogs have the potential to become a new class of antimicrobials for the treatment of MRSA-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Linying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Xianghai Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Ti Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, R.P. China
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Qiao L, Zhai Z, Cai P, Tan C, Weng J, Han L, Liu X, Zhang Y. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Antifungal Activity, and Docking Study of Difluoromethyl Pyrazole Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiao
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Zhi‐Wen Zhai
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Peng‐Peng Cai
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Cheng‐Xia Tan
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Jian‐Quan Weng
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
| | - Xing‐Hai Liu
- College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yong‐Gang Zhang
- Biology InstituteQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong China
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