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Wontor K, Clisham C, Hummel J, Cizdziel JV. Analysis of automotive paint layers on plastic substrates using chemical imaging μ-FTIR and O-PTIR microspectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 2024. [PMID: 38943352 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Automobile paint chips are a crucial piece of trace evidence for forensic investigators. This is because automotive paints are composed of multiple layers, including the primer, basecoat, and clearcoat, each of which has its own chemical composition that can vary by vehicle make, model, year, and manufacturing plant. Thus, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectral databases for automobile paint systems have been established to aid law enforcement in, for example, narrowing search parameters for a suspect's vehicle. Recently, car manufacturers have implemented primers on plastic substrates that are much thinner (~5 μm) than those on metal substrates, making it more difficult to manually separate for analyses. Here, we evaluated FTIR microspectroscopy (μ-FTIR) and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR) to chemically image cross sections of paint chips without manually separating the layers. For μ-FTIR, transmission and transflection modes provided the highest quality spectra compared to reflection and μ-ATR analyses. Point analysis was preferable to chemical imaging, as peaks were identified in the point (MCT) detector's lower spectral range that was below the imaging (FPA) detector's cutoff, such as those associated with titanium dioxide. Reduced spectral range can lead to a similar issue in O-PTIR analyses depending on instrument configuration. However, its complementary Raman spectra showed strong titanium dioxide peaks, providing an alternate means of identification. Both techniques are likely to become more relevant as they are non-destructive and avoid manual separation of the layers. O-PTIR is particularly well-suited for analysis of the thin primer layer due to its superior spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Wontor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Carly Clisham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jessica Hummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - James V Cizdziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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2
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Affadu-Danful GP, Kalkan AK, Zhang L, Lavine BK. Analysis of Automotive Paint Smears Using Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Microscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:281-291. [PMID: 36241610 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221136122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paint smears represent a type of automotive paint sample found at a crime scene that is problematic for forensic automotive paint examiners to analyze as there are no reference materials present in automotive paint databases to generate hit-lists of potential suspect vehicles. Realistic paint smears are difficult to create in a laboratory and have also proven challenging to analyze because of the mixing of the various automotive paint layers. A procedure based on an impact tester has been developed to create smears to simulate paint transfer between vehicles during a collision. Data collected from 24 original equipment manufacturer (OEM) paints in simulated collisions using an impact tester with a steel (inert) substrate to simulate vehicle to vehicle collisions shows that attenuated total reflection infrared microscopy can isolate individual paint layers. For each OEM paint sample, the corresponding smear obtained was dependent upon the conditions used. By varying these conditions, the number of distinct layers obtained could be tuned for each of the OEM paints investigated. Furthermore, the IR spectrum of each layer extracted from the paint smear using alternating least squares was found to compare favorably to an in-house OEM paint infrared spectral library for each layer as the correct match (make and model of the vehicle from which the smear originated) was always found as a top five hit in the hit-list. The results of this study indicate that paint smears developed using an impactor can serve as the basis of realistic proficiency tests for forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Kaan Kalkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 7618Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 7618Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Barry K Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, 7618Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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3
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Macchia A, Schuberthan LM, Ferro D, Colasanti IA, Montorsi S, Biribicchi C, Barbaccia FI, La Russa MF. Analytical Investigations of XIX-XX Century Paints: The Study of Two Vehicles from the Museum for Communications of Frankfurt. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052197. [PMID: 36903443 PMCID: PMC10005574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the centuries, humans have developed different systems to protect surfaces from the influence of environmental factors. Protective paints are the most used ones. They have undergone considerable development over the years, especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Indeed, between the two centuries, new binders and pigments have been introduced in the constituent materials of paints. The years in which these compounds have been introduced and spread in the paint market allow them to be defined as markers for the dating of paints and painted artifacts. The present work is focused on the study of the paints of two vehicles of the Frankfurt Museum of Communication, i.e., a carriage and a cart, that was designed for the German Postal and Telecommunications Service roughly between 1880 and 1920. The characterization of the paints was performed through in situ non-invasive techniques, i.e., portable optical microscopy and multispectral imaging, and laboratory non-destructive techniques, i.e., FT-IR ATR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS. The analytical investigation and the comparison with the data reported in the literature allowed us to determine the historicity of the paints, which are all dated before the 1950s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Macchia
- YOCOCU (Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage), Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Daniela Ferro
- YOCOCU (Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage), Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Angela Colasanti
- YOCOCU (Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage), Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Montorsi
- YOCOCU (Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage), Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Biribicchi
- YOCOCU (Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage), Via T. Tasso 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Francesco La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences DIBEST, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata, 87036 Rende, Italy
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4
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Nazari MT, Schnorr C, Rigueto CVT, Alessandretti I, Melara F, da Silva NF, Crestani L, Ferrari V, Vieillard J, Dotto GL, Silva LFO, Piccin JS. A review of the main methods for composite adsorbents characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88488-88506. [PMID: 36334205 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption is a promising technology for removing several contaminants from aqueous matrices. In the last years, researchers worldwide have been working on developing composite adsorbents to overcome some limitations and drawbacks of conventional adsorbent materials, which depend on various factors, including the characteristics of the adsorbents. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the composite adsorbents to describe their properties and structure and elucidate the mechanisms, behavior, and phenomenons during the adsorption process. In this sense, this work aimed to review the main methods used for composite adsorbent characterization, providing valuable information on the importance of these techniques in developing new adsorbents. In this paper, we reviewed the following methods: X-Ray diffraction (XRD); spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET and BJH methods); thermogravimetry (TGA); point of zero charge (pHPZC); elemental analysis; proximate analysis; swelling and water retention capacities; desorption and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus T Nazari
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering (PPGEng), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Schnorr
- Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Cesar V T Rigueto
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingridy Alessandretti
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Melara
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering (PPGEng), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathália F da Silva
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Crestani
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Metallurgical, Materials, and Mining Engineering (PPG3M), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julien Vieillard
- CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, COBRA (UMR 6014 and FR 3038), Normandie University, Evreux, France
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Research Group On Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Universidad De La Costa, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Jeferson S Piccin
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering (PPGEng), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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5
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New Raman spectroscopic methods’ application in forensic science. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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6
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Merk V, Werncke W, Pfeifer L. Cross-section measurements of multilayer automotive paint samples using combined Raman spectroscopy and LIBS. Analyst 2022; 147:5470-5476. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of multilayer automotive paints is a challenging task due to their inherent complexity. Combined LIBS and Raman spectroscopy allows a comprehensive chemical analysis of each individual layer in one step with minimal sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lutz Pfeifer
- LTB Lasertechnik Berlin GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Duarte JM, Sales NGS, Braga JWB, Bridge C, Maric M, Sousa MH, Gomes JDA. Discrimination of white automotive paint samples using ATR-FTIR and PLS-DA for forensic purposes. Talanta 2021; 240:123154. [PMID: 34972063 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of a hit-and-run car crash are significant and may include serious injuries to the victims, health system overload and even victim's death. The vehicle and driver identification are often challenging for local law enforcement. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to discriminate between automotive paint samples according to the make of the vehicle and its color shade. 143 white samples (collected at traffic accident scenes) were analyzed in situ by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and coupled microscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed for data analysis. The samples were split into three groups: calibration set, validation set and external test set. The figures of merit were calculated to assess the quality of the model. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency rates were, respectively, 98,9%, 98.4% and 98.6%, for the calibration set. For the validation group, the classification accuracy was 100%. Correct classification rates for the internal validation set and external test set were 100% and 79.1% respectively. The technique is clean, fast, relatively low-cost, and non-destructive. Damaged regions of the samples were avoided by using the attached microscope. Limiting the age of the samples to a maximum of 10 years was enough to avoid misclassifications due to the natural degradation and weathering of the sample. Since the external test group is formed by underrepresented classes, its correct classification rate (79.1%) can be potentially improved at any time, by including and analyzing more samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Melo Duarte
- Forensic Institute, Civil Police of the Brazilian Federal District (PCDF), Brasilia (DF), Brazil; Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Candice Bridge
- National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mark Maric
- National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Henrique Sousa
- Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliano de Andrade Gomes
- Forensic Institute, Civil Police of the Brazilian Federal District (PCDF), Brasilia (DF), Brazil.
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8
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Leistenschneider C, Burkhardt-Holm P, Mani T, Primpke S, Taubner H, Gerdts G. Microplastics in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica): A Forensic Approach for Discrimination between Environmental and Vessel-Induced Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15900-15911. [PMID: 34841863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been found in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, but many local regions within this vast area remain uninvestigated. The remote Weddell Sea contributes to the global thermohaline circulation, and one of the two Antarctic gyres is located in that region. In the present study, we evaluate MP (>300 μm) concentration and composition in surface (n = 34) and subsurface water samples (n = 79, ∼11.2 m depth) of the Weddell Sea. All putative MP were analyzed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. MP was found in 65% of surface and 11.4% of subsurface samples, with mean (±standard deviation (SD)) concentrations of 0.01 (±0.01 SD) MP m-3 and 0.04 (±0.1 SD) MP m-3, respectively, being within the range of previously reported values for regions south of the Polar Front. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether identified paint fragments (n = 394) derive from the research vessel. Environmentally sampled fragments (n = 101) with similar ATR-FTIR spectra to reference paints from the research vessel and fresh paint references generated in the laboratory were further subjected to micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μXRF) to compare their elemental composition. This revealed that 45.5% of all recovered MP derived from vessel-induced contamination. However, 11% of the measured fragments could be distinguished from the reference paints via their elemental composition. This study demonstrates that differentiation based purely on visual characteristics and FTIR spectroscopy might not be sufficient for accurately determining sample contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Leistenschneider
- The Man-Society-Environment Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- The Man-Society-Environment Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mani
- The Man-Society-Environment Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Heidi Taubner
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM─Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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9
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A Brief Review of Scanning Electron Microscopy With Energy-Dispersive X-ray Use in Forensic Medicine. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 41:280-286. [PMID: 32852293 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis is an investigation whose potential has become increasingly important in the field of forensic research and diagnosis. We present the procedure to perform a well-carried-out SEM/EDX analysis on corpses affected by different types of injuries, such as blunt force trauma, ligature strangulation, electrocution, sharp force trauma, gunshot wounds, and intoxication. After the areas of forensic interest have been macroscopically identified, the sampling can be performed in 2 different ways: apposition of the double-sided graphite tape on the damaged area or performing the excision of a biological sample. In both cases, a proper negative control sample is required. In all cases, SEM/EDX analysis can detect exogenous microtraces consistent with the types of injuries involved. In blunt force trauma, microparticles of different nature deriving from the contact of the blunt instrument with the victim may be observed; in sharp force trauma, metal microtraces (Fe, Cr, Al, Ti) can be identified. In ligature strangulation, exogenous microtraces may be found in the cutaneous furrow. In electrocution, it allows to identify the pathognomonic metal pattern (Cu, Zn, Fe) of the "electric mark." In gunshot wounds, the main applications regards the detection of metal particles (Pb, Ba, Sb) of gunshot residues. Finally, in the analysis of intoxicants, it may identify traces of toxic substances. Thus, the authors conclude that SEM/EDX analysis can provide essential information to assist in the medicolegal investigation of death.
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10
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Ferreira NS, Sasaki JM, Silva RS, Attah-Baah JM, Macêdo MA. Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Activity Significantly Enhanced by Active [ VZn+ VO+] Defects in Self-Assembled ZnO Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4475-4496. [PMID: 33710867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defect influences on the photoactivity of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by a powdered coconut water (ACP) assisted synthesis have been studied. The crystalline phase and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles were effectively controlled by adjusting the calcination temperature (400-700 °C). An induced transition of hybrid Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6/ZnO nanoparticles to single-phase ZnO nanoparticles was obtained at 480 °C. The morphological analysis revealed a formation of ZnO nanoparticles with semispherical (∼6.5 nm)- and rod-like (∼96 nm) shapes when the calcination temperatures were 400 and 700 °C, respectively. Photoluminescence characterizations revealed several defects types in the samples with VZn and VO+ being in the self-assembly of semispherical- and rod-like ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanoparticles was examined by assessing the degradation of methylene blue in an aqueous solution under low-intensity visible-light irradiation (∼3 W m-2). The results point toward the self-assembly of semispherical- and rod-like ZnO nanoparticles that had significantly better photocatalytic activity (∼31%) in comparison to that of spherical-agglomerated- or near-spherical-like species within 120 min of irradiation. The possible photocatalytic mechanism is discussed in detail, and the morphology-driven intrinsic [VZn+VO+] defects are proposed to be among the active sites of the ZnO nanoparticles enhancing the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson S Ferreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - José M Sasaki
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Romualdo S Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - John M Attah-Baah
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Macêdo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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11
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Analysis of paint traces to determine the ship responsible for a collision. Sci Rep 2021; 11:134. [PMID: 33420175 PMCID: PMC7794560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been many instances of ship collision at sea in recent times, not much research has been conducted on the topic. In this study, paint from an actual site of ship collision was collected and analyzed as evidence. The amount of evidence collected from the ships involved in the collision is either small or has inconsistent morphology. In addition, the contaminants and samples are often mixed in this evidence, making its analysis difficult. Paint traces of the damaged ship and the ship suspected to be responsible for the collision were compared through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) analyses. The ship responsible for the collision could be identified by characterization and by performing a comparative analysis of the extracted paint. Among the methods used in this study, Py–GC/MS can sensitively analyze even similar paints, and identified styrene and phthalic anhydride as the most prominent components of the paint used as evidence. The results obtained can be used to investigate the evidence collected from collision sites and to determine the ship responsible for the collision.
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12
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Duarte JM, Sales NGS, Sousa MH, Bridge C, Maric M, Gomes JDA. Automotive paint analysis: How far has science advanced in the last ten years? Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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He X, Wang J. Rapid and Nondestructive Forensic Identification of Tire Particles by Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1668947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong He
- School of Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jifen Wang
- School of Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
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14
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Kowalczuk D, Pitucha M. Application of FTIR Method for the Assessment of Immobilization of Active Substances in the Matrix of Biomedical Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182972. [PMID: 31540255 PMCID: PMC6766236 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the usefulness of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method for the evaluation of the modification process of biomaterials with the participation of active substances. Methods: Modified catheter samples were prepared by activating the matrix with an acid, iodine, or bromine, and then immobilizing the active molecules. To carry out the modification process, the Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) method was used. Results: FTIR analysis indicated the presence of the immobilized substances in the catheter matrix and site-specific reactions. Conclusion: We surmise that the infrared spectroscopic technique is an ideal tool for the assessment of the drug immobilization and the changes occurring in the course of the modification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kowalczuk
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, the Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, the Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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