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Zang ZL, Wang YX, Battini N, Gao WW, Zhou CH. Synthesis and antibacterial medicinal evaluation of carbothioamido hydrazonyl thiazolylquinolone with multitargeting antimicrobial potential to combat increasingly global resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116626. [PMID: 38944934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The global microbial resistance is a serious threat to human health, and multitargeting compounds are considered to be promising to combat microbial resistance. In this work, a series of new thiazolylquinolones with multitargeting antimicrobial potential were developed through multi-step reactions using triethoxymethane and substituted anilines as start materials. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that some of the target compounds could effectively inhibit microbial growth. Especially, carbothioamido hydrazonyl aminothiazolyl quinolone 8a showed strong inhibitory activity toward drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 0.0047 mM, which was 5-fold more active than that of norfloxacin. The highly active compound 8a exhibited negligible hemolysis, no significant toxicity in vitro and in vivo, low drug resistance, as well as rapidly bactericidal effects, which suggested its favorable druggability. Furthermore, compound 8a was able to effectively disrupt the integrity of the bacterial membrane, intercalate into DNA and inhibit the activity of topoisomerase IV, suggesting multitargeting mechanism of action. Compound 8a could form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with DNA-topoisomerase IV complex, indicating the insertion of aminothiazolyl moiety was beneficial to improve antibacterial efficiency. These findings indicated that the active carbothioamido hydrazonyl aminothiazolyl quinolone 8a as a chemical therapeutic candidate demonstrated immense potential to tackle drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Li X, Song Q. "Homoleptic" Tetracoordinate Boron Compounds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5295-5314. [PMID: 38488071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
"Homoleptic" tetracoordinate boron compounds, in which the central boron atom links to four identical atoms, are a special and important family of boron compounds. During the past decades, they have been extensively employed in inorganic, organic, macromolecular, and materials chemistry. Many of them exhibit a diverse range of outstanding properties, and therefore, the synthesis and application of those compounds have emerged as a hot research topic in modern boron chemistry. This review summarizes and discusses the "homoleptic" tetracoordinate boron compounds, which are organized according to the kinds of atoms coordinated to the central boron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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3
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Gerontitis IE, Tsoungas PG, Varvounis G. Naphtho[1,8- de][1,2]Oxazin-4-ol: Precursor to 1,2,8-Trisubstituted Naphthalenes and 1-Unsubstituted Naphtho[1,2- d]isoxazole 2-Oxide: A Novel Isomerization of the N-Oxide to Nitrile Oxide en Route to Isoxazol(in)es. Molecules 2023; 29:48. [PMID: 38202629 PMCID: PMC10779812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Naphtho[1,8-de][1,2]oxazin-4-ol and its acyl or benzyl derivatives ring open to various 2,8-dihydroxy-1-naphthonitriles, which, through (de)protection protocols and reduction, afford the target (E)-2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde. This was converted to its corresponding oxime, which was oxidatively o-cyclized with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) to 9-methoxynaphtho[1,2-d]isoxazole 2-oxide. The latter, in deuterated DMSO at room temperature, was rearranged to its isomer 2-hydroxy-8-methoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)nitrile oxide. The isomerization was detected by time-course plot 1H NMR spectroscopy and further identified from its 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. The nitrile oxide was stable in (non)deuterated DMSO for at least 18 h. A 3,4-bis(2-hydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide, as a dimerization product or an isocyanate as a rearrangement isomer, was ruled out, the former by its HRMS spectrum and the latter by its 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to substituted isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis E. Gerontitis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 115 21 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Varvounis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece;
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Hybridization of antimicrobial oxazolidinones with commercial drugs: A fight against the "superbugs". Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1337-1345. [PMID: 37583273 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance caused by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes, termed as "superbugs," poses a grave healthcare concern in the contemporary era. Though this phenomenon is natural, an incessant use of antibiotics due to their unregulated over-the-counter availability, and a lack of compliance with the legislation seem to be major contributing factors. This phenomenon has further complicated the treatment of common infectious diseases thereby leading to prolonged illness, disability, and even death. In addition, a sizeable impact on the healthcare cost is met due to a prolonged stay at the medical facilities to receive an intensive care. Overall, the gains of "Millennium Development Goals" and the accomplishment of Sustainable Development Goals are at risk due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance. Since an early identification and development of novel antibiotic classes that evade antimicrobial resistance appears improbable, the strategy of hybridization of the existing antibiotics with efficacious pharmacophores and drug molecules with a different mechanism of antimicrobial action can be a silver lining for the management of superbugs. In this regard, we aim to provide a perspective for the applicability of the hybridization of oxazolidinone class of antibiotics with other drugs for evading antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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5
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Liu P, Jiang Y, Jiao L, Luo Y, Wang X, Yang T. Strategies for the Discovery of Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents: Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13860-13873. [PMID: 37807849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxazolidinones represent a significant class of synthetic bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors that are primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria. The commercial success of linezolid, the first FDA-approved oxazolidinone antibiotic, has motivated researchers to develop more potent oxazolidinones by employing various drug development strategies to fight against antimicrobial resistance, some of which have shown promising results. Thus, this Perspective aims to discuss the strategies employed in constructing oxazolidinone-based antibacterial agents and summarize recent advances in discovering oxazolidinone antibiotics to provide valuable insights for potentially developing next-generation oxazolidinone antibacterial agents or other pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxian Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Jiao
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Koh AJJ, Thombare V, Hussein M, Rao GG, Li J, Velkov T. Bifunctional antibiotic hybrids: A review of clinical candidates. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1158152. [PMID: 37397488 PMCID: PMC10313405 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a top threat to human health and a priority across the globe. This problematic issue is accompanied by the decline of new antibiotics in the pipeline over the past 30 years. In this context, an urgent need to develop new strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance is in great demand. Lately, among the possible approaches used to deal with antimicrobial resistance is the covalent ligation of two antibiotic pharmacophores that target the bacterial cells through a dissimilar mode of action into a single hybrid molecule, namely hybrid antibiotics. This strategy exhibits several advantages, including better antibacterial activity, overcoming the existing resistance towards individual antibiotics, and may ultimately delay the onset of bacterial resistance. This review sheds light on the latest development of the dual antibiotic hybrids pipeline, their potential mechanisms of action, and challenges in their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Jing Jie Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Varsha Thombare
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIP, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIP, Australia
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Fernandes GFS, Scarim CB, Kim SH, Wu J, Castagnolo D. Oxazolidinones as versatile scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:823-847. [PMID: 37252095 PMCID: PMC10211318 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxazolidinone is a five-member heterocyclic ring with several biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Among the three possible isomers, 2-oxazolidinone is the most investigated in drug discovery. Linezolid was pioneered as the first approved drug containing an oxazolidinone ring as the pharmacophore group. Numerous analogues have been developed since its arrival on the market in 2000. Some have succeeded in reaching the advanced stages of clinical studies. However, most oxazolidinone derivatives reported in recent decades have not reached the initial stages of drug development, despite their promising pharmacological applications in a variety of therapeutic areas, including antibacterial, antituberculosis, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neurologic, and metabolic diseases, among other areas. Therefore, this review article aims to compile the efforts of medicinal chemists who have explored this scaffold over the past decades and highlight the potential of the class for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cauê Benito Scarim
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University Araraquara 14800903 Brazil
| | - Seong-Heun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London 150 Stamford Street SE1 9NH London UK
| | - Jingyue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
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8
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Li J, Zhang Z, Chen L, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang G. Base-Promoted Intramolecular Addition of Vinyl Cyclopropanecarboxamides to Access Conformationally Restricted Aza[3.1.0]bicycles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093691. [PMID: 37175101 PMCID: PMC10179847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are common structural components in natural products and bioactive compounds. Traditionally, the metal-mediated cyclopropanation domino reaction of chain enzymes is the most commonly used strategy for the construction of this type of aza[3.1.0]bicycle derivative. In this study, a base-promoted intramolecular addition of alkenes used to deliver conformationally restricted highly substituted aza[3.1.0]bicycles is reported. This reaction was tailor-made for saturated aza[3.1.0] bicycle-containing fused bicyclic compounds that may be applied in the development of concise and divergent total syntheses of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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9
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Gao J, Hou H, Gao F. Current scenario of quinolone hybrids with potential antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115026. [PMID: 36577217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ESKAPE (Escherichia coli/E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus/S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia/K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter Baumannii/A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa/P. aeroginosa and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens, which could escape or evade common therapies through diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and biofilm formation, are deemed as highly virulent bacteria responsible for life-threatening diseases, calling for novel chemotherapeutics. Quinolones including 2-quinolones and 4-quinolones have occupied a propitious place in drug design and development due to their excellent pharmacological profiles. Quinolones especially fluoroquinolones could inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acid of ESKAPE pathogens, leading to the rupture of bacterial chromosome. However, the resistance of ESKAPE pathogens to quinolones develops rapidly and spreads widely. Accordingly, it has become increasingly urgent to enhance the potency of quinolones against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Quinolone hybrids can bind with different drug targets simultaneously and have been considered as useful prototypes to circumvent drug resistance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current scenario (2018-present) of quinolone hybrids with potential antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens, together with the structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Haodong Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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10
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Vujcic B, Wyllie J, Tania, Burns J, White KF, Cromwell S, Lupton DW, Dutton JL, Soares da Costa TP, Houston SD. Cage hydrocarbons as linkers in dimeric drug design: Case studies with trimethoprim and tedizolid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129086. [PMID: 36423825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The looming threat of a "post-antibiotic era" has been caused by a rapid rise in antibacterial resistance and subsequent depletion of effective antibiotic agents in the clinic. An efficient strategy to address this shortfall lies in the reengineering of pre-existing and commercially available antibiotic drugs. This is exemplified by dimerization, a design concept in which two pharmacophores are covalently linked to form a new chemical entity. The cage hydrocarbons cubane (1), bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO) (2), adamantane (3), and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) (4) present themselves as an attractive family of linkers in this regard. In this report, all four hydrocarbon cages were employed as linkers in a series of dimers based on the commercially available antibiotics trimethoprim and tedizolid. A detailed synthetic roadmap for the protection and deprotection of each pharmacophore is outlined. Several members of the trimethoprim series showed activity on par with that of their trimethoprim progenitor, although this was not the case for the tedizolid series. The design strategy outlined herein highlights the utility of the group as a platform for the rapid and modular construction of future novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Vujcic
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jessica Wyllie
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5063, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jed Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon Cromwell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5063, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sevan D Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Almac Sciences Ltd, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom.
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Fluoroquinolones Hybrid Molecules as Promising Antibacterial Agents in the Fight against Antibacterial Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081749. [PMID: 36015376 PMCID: PMC9414178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance has motivated researchers to discover new antibacterial agents. Nowadays, fluoroquinolones keep their status as one of the essential classes of antibacterial agents. The new generations of fluoroquinolones are valuable therapeutic tools with a spectrum of activity, including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. This review article surveys the design of fluoroquinolone hybrids with other antibacterial agents or active compounds and underlines the new hybrids' antibacterial properties. Antibiotic fluoroquinolone hybrids have several advantages over combined antibiotic therapy. Thus, some challenges related to joining two different molecules are under study. Structurally, the obtained hybrids may contain a cleavable or non-cleavable linker, an essential element for their pharmacokinetic properties and mechanism of action. The design of hybrids seems to provide promising antibacterial agents helpful in the fight against more virulent and resistant strains. These hybrid structures have proven superior antibacterial activity and less susceptibility to bacterial resistance than the component molecules. In addition, fluoroquinolone hybrids have demonstrated other biological effects such as anti-HIV, antifungal, antiplasmodic/antimalarial, and antitumor activity. Many fluoroquinolone hybrids are in various phases of clinical trials, raising hopes that new antibacterial agents will be approved shortly.
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Liu L, Zhou X, Li B, Cheng F, Cui H, Li J, Zhang J. In Vitro and In Vivo Activities, Absorption, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of OBP-4, a Potential Anti-Clostridioides difficile Agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e00581-21. [PMID: 33820771 PMCID: PMC8315982 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00581-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is considered a major concern of the health care system globally, with an increasing need for alternative therapies. OBP-4, a new oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone hybrid with excellent in vitro activities and good safety, shows promising features as an antibacterial agent. Here, we further evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activities of OBP-4 against C. difficile and its absorption (A), distribution (D), and excretion (E) profiles in rats. In vitro assays indicated that OBP-4 was active against all tested C. difficile strains, with MICs ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/liter. In addition, OBP-4 showed complete inhibition of spore formation at 0.5× MIC. In the mouse model of CDI, 5-day oral treatment with OBP-4 provided complete protection from death and CDI recurrence in infected mice. However, cadazolid (CZD) and vancomycin (VAN) showed less protection of infected mice than did OBP-4 in terms of diarrhea and weight loss, especially VAN. Subsequently, ADE investigations of OBP-4 with a reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method showed extremely low systemic exposure and predominantly fecal excretion, resulting in a high local concentration of OBP-4 in the intestinal tract-the site of CDI. These results demonstrated that OBP-4 possesses good activity against C. difficile and favorable ADE characteristics for oral treatment of CDI, which support further development of OBP-4 as a potential anti-CDI agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Cui
- R & D Center, Beijing Orbiepharm Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- R & D Center, Beijing Orbiepharm Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gupta V, Datta P. Next-generation strategy for treating drug resistant bacteria: Antibiotic hybrids. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:97-106. [PMID: 31219074 PMCID: PMC6563750 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_755_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance against nearly all antibiotics used clinically have been documented in bacteria. There is an ever-increasing danger caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in both hospital and community settings. In Gram-negative bacteria, intrinsic resistance to currently available antibiotics is mainly due to overexpressed efflux pumps which are constitutively present and also presence of protective outer membrane. Combination therapy, i.e., use of two or more antibiotics, was thought to be an effective strategy because it took advantage of the additive effects of multiple antimicrobial mechanisms, lower risk of resistance development and lower mortality and improved clinical outcome. However, none of the benefits were seen in in vivo studies. Antibiotic hybrids are being used to challenge the growing drug resistance threat and increase the usefulness of current antibiotic arsenal. Antibiotic hybrids are synthetic constructs of two molecules which are covalently linked. These could be two antibiotics or antibiotic with an adjuvant (efflux pump inhibitor, siderophore, etc.) which increases the access of the antibiotics to the target. The concepts, developments and challenges in the future use of antibiotic hybrids are discussed here. Majority of the studies have been conducted on fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides molecules. The antibiotic tobramycin has the property to enhance the action of antimicrobial agents against which the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were earlier resistant, and thus potentiating the action of legacy antibiotics. Antibiotic hybrids may have a role as the silver bullet in Gram-negative bacteria to overcome drug resistance as well as extend the spectrum of existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Priya Datta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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