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Venegas-Vásconez D, Arteaga-Pérez LE, Aguayo MG, Romero-Carrillo R, Guerrero VH, Tipanluisa-Sarchi L, Alejandro-Martín S. Analytical Pyrolysis of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus: Effects of Microwave Pretreatment on Pyrolytic Vapours Composition. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3790. [PMID: 37765644 PMCID: PMC10537089 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus radiata (PR) and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) are the most planted species in Chile. This research aims to evaluate the pyrolysis behaviour of PR and EG from the Bío Bío region in Chile. Biomass samples were subjected to microwave pretreatment considering power (259, 462, 595, and 700 W) and time (1, 2, 3, and 5 min). The maximum temperature reached was 147.69 °C for PR and 130.71 °C for EG in the 700 W-5 min condition, which caused the rearrangement of the cellulose crystalline chains through vibration and an increase in the internal energy of the biomass and the decomposition of lignin due to reaching its glass transition temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed an activation energy (Ea) reduction from 201.71 to 174.91 kJ·mol-1 in PR and from 174.80 to 158.51 kJ·mol-1 in EG, compared to the untreated condition (WOT) for the 700 W-5 min condition, which indicates that microwave pretreatment improves the activity of the components and the decomposition of structural compounds for subsequent pyrolysis. Functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A decrease in oxygenated compounds such as acids (from 21.97 to 17.34% w·w-1 and from 27.72 to 24.13% w·w-1) and phenols (from 34.41 to 31.95% w·w-1 and from 21.73 to 20.24% w·w-1) in PR and EG, respectively, was observed in comparison to the WOT for the 700 W-5 min condition, after analytical pyrolysis. Such results demonstrate the positive influence of the pretreatment on the reduction in oxygenated compounds obtained from biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Venegas-Vásconez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Maderas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile; (D.V.-V.); (L.E.A.-P.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía Gaseosa y Pirólisis Analítica, Universiad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - Luis E. Arteaga-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Maderas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile; (D.V.-V.); (L.E.A.-P.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratorio de Procesos Térmicos y Catalíticos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - María Graciela Aguayo
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Maderas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile; (D.V.-V.); (L.E.A.-P.); (M.G.A.)
- Centro de Biomateriales y Nanotecnología, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - Romina Romero-Carrillo
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Víctor H. Guerrero
- Departamento de Materiales, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170525, Ecuador;
| | - Luis Tipanluisa-Sarchi
- Facultad de Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador;
| | - Serguei Alejandro-Martín
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Maderas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile; (D.V.-V.); (L.E.A.-P.); (M.G.A.)
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía Gaseosa y Pirólisis Analítica, Universiad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
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Sawatmongkhon B, Promhuad P, Thaisruang T, Theinnoi K, Sittichompoo S, Wongchang T, Sukjit E. Kinetic Analysis of Devolatilized Diesel-Soot Oxidation Catalyzed by Ag/Al 2O 3 and Ag/CeO 2 Using Isoconversional and Master-Plots Techniques. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29437-29447. [PMID: 37599922 PMCID: PMC10433343 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This work presented the kinetic analysis of devolatilized diesel-soot combustion accelerated by Ag/Al2O3 and Ag/CeO2 catalysts. Isoconversional and master-plots techniques were employed to estimate activation energy and identify the reaction model. The apparent activation energy of uncatalyzed soot oxidation was 101.85 kJ/mol, and it was reduced to 61.85 and 82.78 kJ/mol for the combustion catalyzed by Ag/Al2O3 and Ag/CeO2, respectively. The reaction-order model, f(α) = (1- α)n, with n of 1.4, 1, and 1 showed the best fit for the uncatalyzed soot oxidation and soot oxidation catalyzed by Ag/Al2O3 and Ag/CeO2, respectively. The proposed single-step reaction models were quite capable of reproducing experiments for the uncatalyzed soot oxidation and soot oxidation catalyzed by Ag/CeO2. In the presence of Ag/Al2O3, the oxidation rate at the first 20% of conversion was faster than the 1st-order reaction reflecting that the soot was rapidly oxidized by highly active species generated by Ag/Al2O3. The oxidation of the remaining soot closely followed the 1st-order reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonlue Sawatmongkhon
- College
of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Research
Centre for Combustion Technology and Alternative Energy (CTAE), Science
and Technology Research Institute, King
Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Punya Promhuad
- College
of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Thaisruang
- College
of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Kampanart Theinnoi
- College
of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Research
Centre for Combustion Technology and Alternative Energy (CTAE), Science
and Technology Research Institute, King
Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Sak Sittichompoo
- College
of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1 Road, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Research
Centre for Combustion Technology and Alternative Energy (CTAE), Science
and Technology Research Institute, King
Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Wongchang
- Research
Centre for Combustion Technology and Alternative Energy (CTAE), Science
and Technology Research Institute, King
Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Department
of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering
and Technology, King Mongkut’s University
of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Rayong 21120, Thailand
| | - Ekarong Sukjit
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Cabrera-Barjas G, Jimenez R, Romero R, Valdes O, Nesic A, Hernández-García R, Neira A, Alejandro-Martín S, de la Torre AF. Value-added long-chain aliphatic compounds obtained through pyrolysis of phosphorylated chitin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124130. [PMID: 36963553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, chitin, as a biobased polymer, is used as a precursor to obtain a phosphorylated derivatives. The influence of the different degree of phosphorylation in chitin on pyrolysis pattern was investigated. In order to understand the pyrolysis mechanism and the potential application of phosphorylated chitins, the samples were pyrolyzed at different temperatures and analyzed by FTIR, SEM, and Py-GC/MS analysis. Moreover, the thermal degradation and the evolved gases during chitin degradation and its derivatives were measured. The results showed that phosphorylation of chitin decreased the thermal stability of biopolymer and significantly changed the pattern of pyrolysis compared to neat chitin. The production of long-chain hydrocarbons was detected during pyrolysis of phosphorylated chitin, whereas this was not the case with raw chitin. Those two effects were more pronounced as the degree of phosphorylation increased. Chitin with the degree of phosphorylation (DS 1.35) exhibited the highest selectivity (91 %) towards production of long-chain hydrocarbons (C12-C17) at 500 °C. Moreover, the obtained results allowed to propose, for the first time, the mechanism of pyrolysis of phosphorylated chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel, Biobío, Chile.
| | - Romel Jimenez
- Carbon and Catalysis Laboratory (CarboCat), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Romero
- Departamento Química Analítica e Inorgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Valdes
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Aleksandra Nesic
- University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 12-14 Mike Petrovića Street, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ruber Hernández-García
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrónico Neira
- Department of Biological and Animal Science, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alexander F de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Mazhar H, Shehzad F, Hong SG, Al-Harthi MA. Thermal Degradation Kinetics Analysis of Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer and EP-1-Hexene Terpolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030634. [PMID: 35160623 PMCID: PMC8839618 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
LLDPE is a less crystalline polymer with vast industrial and domestic applications. It is imperative to understand the synthesis, processing conditions, and thermal degradation mechanism of the co- as well as terpolymers. This paper reports the in-situ synthesis and thermal degradation studies of the ethylene-propylene copolymer and ethylene-propylene-1-hexene terpolymer and its nanocomposite with ZnAL LDH sheets. The 1-hexene dosing during the in-situ process influenced the product yield and immensely affected the thermal stability of the resultant polymer. One milliliter 1-hexene in-situ addition increased the product yield by 170 percent, while the temperature at 10 percent weight loss in TGA was dropped by about 60 °C. While only 0.3 weight percent ZnAL LDH addition in the terpolymer improved the thermal stability by 10 °C. A master plot technique and combined kinetics analysis (CKA) were deployed to access the thermal degradation mechanism of the synthesized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Mazhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Farrukh Shehzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.); (F.S.)
| | | | - Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.); (F.S.)
- Center for Refining and Advance Chemicals, The Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Mazhar H, Shehzad F, Hong S, Al‐harthi MA. Degradation kinetics and thermomechanical properties of in‐situ polymerized layered double hydroxides‐ethylene‐propylene copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Mazhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Farrukh Shehzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Sung‐Gil Hong
- TS&D Center S‐Oil Corporation Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mamdouh A. Al‐harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals The Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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Pyrolysis of Solid Digestate from Sewage Sludge and Lignocellulosic Biomass: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis, Characterization of Biochar. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the pyrolysis behavior and reaction kinetics of two different types of solid digestates from: (i) sewage sludge and (ii) a mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass—Typha latifolia plant. Thermogravimetric data in the temperature range 25–800 °C were analyzed using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose kinetic methods, and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were also determined. Biochars were characterized using different chemical methods (FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD, heavy metal, and nutrient analysis) and tested as soil enhancers using a germination test. Finally, their potential for biosorption of NH4+, PO43−, Cu2+, and Cd2+ ions was studied. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters revealed a complex degradation mechanism of digestates, as they showed higher activation energies than undigested materials. Values for sewage sludge digestate were between 57 and 351 kJ/mol, and for digestate composed of sewage sludge and T. latifolia between 62 and 401 kJ/mol. Characterizations of biochars revealed high nutrient content and promising potential for further use. The advantage of biochar obtained from a digestate mixture of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass is the lower content of heavy metals. Biosorption tests showed low biosorption capacity of digestate-derived biochars and their modifications for NH4+ and PO43− ions, but high biosorption capacity for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. Modification with KOH was more efficient than modification with HCl. The digestate-derived biochars exhibited excellent performance in germination tests, especially at concentrations between 6 and 10 wt.%.
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Al-Ayed OS, Amer MW, Al-Harahshah S, Maaten B, Ahmed MS. Calculations of activation energy and frequency factors for corn leafs pyrolysis using excel solver: new concept. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal degradations of biomass corn leaves were studied for kinetic modeling. Thermogravimetric-differential analyzer runs at 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C min−1 heating rates were employed. Apparent activation energy and frequency factor values were calculated for first-order kinetics using several procedures. The procedure of Coats and Redfern showed 28.89 to 31.78 kJ mol−1 apparent activation energy and 15.5 to 157.12 min−1 frequency factor, respectively. Calculation of the apparent activation energy and frequency factor using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose procedure gave 229.9–364.2 kJ/mol and 8.567 × 1023 and 1.13 × 1031 (min−1), respectively as the conversion increased from 0.1 to 0.9. The newly introduced excel solver procedure indicates a distribution activation energy over the entire range of conversion. For first-order reaction kinetics, the calculated apparent activation energy magnitudes ranged between 5.0 kJ mol−1 with frequency factor equals to 0.239 and 196.2 kJ mol−1 with frequency factor 2.89 × 1012 in the studied range. The low or high magnitudes of the calculated activation energy are not associated with a particular value of the conversion. The calculated apparent activation energies are related to the direct solution of the simultaneous equations that constitute the basis of the excel solver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Salim Al-Ayed
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Al Balqa Applied University , P. O. Box 15008 , Marka 11134 , Amman , Jordan
| | - Mohammad Waleed Amer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Jordan University , Aljubeiha, 11942 , Amman , Jordan
| | - Sura Al-Harahshah
- Institute of Earth and Environment Sciences, Al Al-Byat University , Mafraq , 25113 , Jordan
| | - Birgit Maaten
- Department of Energy Technology , Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , 200 University Ave W , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
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A Comparison of the Influence of Kraft Lignin and the Kraft Lignin/Silica System as Cell Carriers on the Stability and Efficiency of the Anaerobic Digestion Process. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of pure kraft lignin and the kraft lignin/silica system (1:4 by weight). The comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of both carriers showed that the kraft lignin/silica system was characterised by better properties. The experiment conducted in the study involved continuous anaerobic digestion under mesophilic conditions. Three samples were degraded in the following order: (i) sewage sludge (SS), (ii) SS with the addition of kraft lignin, and (iii) SS with the addition of the kraft lignin/silica system. A quantitative analysis of the digestate samples was carried out by means of in situ fluorescence. It showed more intense proliferation of microorganisms in the SS + kraft lignin/silica variant than in the sample with pure kraft lignin. The highest amount of biogas was obtained in the SS + kraft lignin/silica variant (689 m3 Mg−1 VS, including 413 m3 Mg−1 VS of methane; VS—volatile solids). There were comparable amounts of biogas in the SS variant (526 m3 Mg−1 VS of biogas, including 51% of methane) and the SS + kraft lignin variant (586 m3 Mg−1 VS of biogas, including 54% of methane). The research clearly showed that the material with a high share of silica was an effective cell carrier.
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Nasution PS, Jung JW, Oh K, Koh HL. Coke combustion kinetics of spent Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts in propane dehydrogenation. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Non-isothermal kinetic study of fodder radish seed cake pyrolysis: performance of model-free and model-fitting methods. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bedoić R, Bulatović VO, Čuček L, Ćosić B, Špehar A, Pukšec T, Duić N. A kinetic study of roadside grass pyrolysis and digestate from anaerobic mono-digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121935. [PMID: 31401359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate the thermogravimetric behaviour of roadside grass and its digestate obtained from mesophilic anaerobic mono-digestion by quantifying its impacts on biomass composition and properties. Thermogravimetric measurements were conducted in a laboratory furnace under nitrogen flowrate of 100 mL/min in the temperature range from 35 to 800 °C at five different heating rates of 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min. Friedman and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose differential and integral isoconversional models were applied to determine the distributions of activation energies and modified pre-exponential factors per reacted mass (degree of conversion). The investigation demonstrated that anaerobic digestion of roadside grass can be used to generate biochar-richer material (with significantly greater yield of final residues after pyrolysis) with less energy required for subsequent pyrolysis in comparison with raw roadside grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bedoić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Lidija Čuček
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Boris Ćosić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Špehar
- Agroproteinka d.d. Strojarska cesta 11, Sesvete, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Pukšec
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Duić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, Zagreb, Croatia
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