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Zarei A, Rezaei A, Shahlaei M, Asani Z, Ramazani A, Wang C. Selective and sensitive CQD-based sensing platform for Cu 2+ detection in Wilson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13183. [PMID: 38851799 PMCID: PMC11162432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive Cu2+ intake can cause neurological disorders (e.g. Wilson's disease) and adversely affect the gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney organs. The presence of Cu2+ is strongly linked to the emergence and progression of Wilson's disease (WD), and accurately measuring the amount of copper is a crucial step in diagnosing WD at an early stage in a clinical setting. In this work, CQDs were fabricated through a facile technique as a novel fluorescence-based sensing platform for detecting Cu(II) in aqueous solutions, and in the serum samples of healthy and affected individuals by WD. The CQDs interact with Cu(II) ions to produce Turn-on and Turn-off states at nano-molar and micro-molar levels, respectively, with LODs of 0.001 µM and 1 µM. In fact, the Cu2+ ions can act like a bridge between two CQDs by which the charge and electron transfer between the CQDs may increase, possibly can have significant effects on the spectroscopic features of the CQDs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported research that can detect Cu(II) at low levels using two different complexation states, with promising results in testing serum. The potential of the sensor to detect Cu(II) was tested on serum samples from healthy and affected individuals by WD, and compared to results obtained by ICP-OES. Astonishingly, the results showed an excellent correlation between the measured Cu(II) levels using the proposed technique and ICP-OES, indicating the high potential of the fluorimetric CQD-based probe for Cu(II) detection. The accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, high precision, accuracy, and applicability of the probe toward Cu(II) ions make it a potential diagnostic tool for Wilson's disease in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zarei
- The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Aram Rezaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Asani
- Students Research Committee,, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Radiology Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
- The Convergent Sciences & Technologies Laboratory (CSTL), Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhao M, Zhu Q. Low Cu(II) Concentration Detection Based on Fluorescent Detector Made from Citric Acid and Urea. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2391-2401. [PMID: 37074357 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQD) are an advanced fluorescent material, which has attracted more and more attention in theoretical research and practical applications. To obtain stable CQDs with high fluorescence characteristics for detecting trace metal ions in water, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) based fluorescent sensors were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, using citric acid and urea as source. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the synthesized N-CQDs maintained a narrow particle size distribution bellow 10 nm, and its average size was 3.07 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups existed on N-CQDs surface, which helped N-CQDs highly disperse in water. In addition, UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence demonstrated that the N-CQDs obtained a 10.27% of quantum yield (QY) with relatively high and stable fluorescence performance. As a fluorescent sensor, the N-CQDs showed a fluorescence "ON-OFF" mechanism during the Cu2+ detection, which was induced from the electrons transition in surface functional groups. The final N-CQDs exhibited a wide linear relationship between fluorescence response and concentration of Cu2+ in range of 0.3-0.7 μM with a detection limit of 0.071 μM. Furthermore, the detection of Cu2+ in the simulating surface water (by adding interfering metal ions in purified water) and the tap water (from municipal water in Beijing) were used to verify N-CQDs practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qiufeng Zhu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China.
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3
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Pascual-Esco A, Lleonart P, Calvo-López A, Alonso-Chamarro J, Puyol M. Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:400. [PMID: 37723255 PMCID: PMC10506924 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for the synthesis of CDs and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic platform, which automatically performs a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) protocol for the determination of heavy metal ions in water by CD fluorescence quenching. As a proof of concept, nitrogen-doped CDs were synthesized from acrylic acid and ethylenediamine (ED) with quantum yields (QYs) of up to 44%, which are selective to cobalt. With the described system, we synthesized homogeneous CDs without the need for further purification and with the minimum consumption of reagents, and optimized fluorescence measurements can be performed with freshly obtained luminescent nanomaterials that have not undergone decomposition processes. They have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 4.2 ± 0.9 nm and maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 358 nm and 452 nm, respectively. The system allows the automatic dilution and buffering of the synthesized CDs and the sample prior to the determination of cobalt. The concentration of cobalt was determined with good sensitivity and a limit of detection of 7 μg·L-1 with a linear range of 0.02-1 mg·L-1 of Co2+. Spiked tap water and river water samples were analyzed, obtaining recovery from 98 to 104%. This demonstrates the potential of the equipment as an efficient on-site control system for heavy metal monitoring in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pascual-Esco
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Lleonart
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Calvo-López
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Julián Alonso-Chamarro
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mar Puyol
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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4
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Li C, Huang J, Yuan L, Xie W, Ying Y, Li C, Yu Y, Pan Y, Qu W, Hao H, Algharib SA, Chen D, Xie S. Recent progress of emitting long-wavelength carbon dots and their merits for visualization tracking, target delivery and theranostics. Theranostics 2023; 13:3064-3102. [PMID: 37284447 PMCID: PMC10240821 DOI: 10.7150/thno.80579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel strategy for in vivo visualization tracking and monitoring, carbon dots (CDs) emitting long wavelengths (LW, 600-950 nm) have received tremendous attention due to their deep tissue penetration, low photon scattering, satisfactory contrast resolution and high signal-to-background ratios. Although, the mechanism of CDs emitting LW remains controversial and what properties are best for in vivo visualization have not been specifically elucidated, it is more conducive to the in vivo application of LW-CDs through rational design and ingenious synthesis based on the appreciation of the luminescence mechanism. Therefore, this review analyzes the current tracer technologies applied in vivo and their advantages and disadvantages, with emphasis on the physical mechanism of emitting LW fluorescence for in vivo imaging. Subsequently, the general properties and merits of LW-CDs for tracking and imaging are summarized. More importantly, the factors affecting the synthesis of LW-CDs and its luminescence mechanism are highlighted. Simultaneously, the application of LW-CDs for disease diagnosis, integration of diagnosis and therapy are summarized. Finally, the bottlenecks and possible future directions of LW-CDs in visualization tracking and imaging in vivo are detailly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liwen Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Ying
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chengzhe Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yahang Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, QG, Egypt
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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5
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Mohapatra D, Pratap R, Pandey V, Shreya S, Naik GG, Mandal SC, Otimenyin SO, Dubey PK, Parmar AS, Sahu AN. Bioengineered dual fluorescent carbon nano dots from Indian long pepper leaves for multifaceted environmental and health utilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52182-52208. [PMID: 36826772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present the synthesis of Piper longum leaves-derived ethanolic carbon dots (PLECDs) using the most simplistic environmentally friendly solvothermal carbonization method. The PLECDs fluoresced pink color with maximum emission at 670 nm at 397 nm excitation. Additionally, the dried PLECDs dissolved in water showed green fluorescence with higher emission at 452 nm at 370 nm excitation. The UV spectra showed peaks in the UV region (271.25 nm and 320.79 nm) and a noticeable tail in the visible region, signifying the efficient synthesis of nano-sized carbon particles and the Mie scattering effect. Various functional groups (-OH, -N-H, -C-H, -C = C, -C-N, and -C-O) were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Its nanocrystalline property was revealed by the sharp peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) photomicrograph displayed a roughly spherical structure with a mean size of 2.835 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the elemental abundance of C, O, and N. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint of PLECDs showed an altered pattern than its precursor (Piper longum leaves ethanolic extract or PLLEE). The PLECDs sensed Cu2+ selectively with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.063 μM and 0.193 μM, respectively. It showed excellent cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), SiHa (human cervical carcinoma), and B16F10 (murine melanoma) cell lines with excellent in vitro bioimaging outcomes. It also has free radical scavenging activity. The PLECDs also showed outstanding bacterial biocompatibility, pH-dependent fluorescence stability, photostability, physicochemical stability, and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadatta Mohapatra
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Pratap
- Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Singh Shreya
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gopal Naik
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sunday O Otimenyin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avanish S Parmar
- Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alakh N Sahu
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Pizzoferrato R, Bisauriya R, Antonaroli S, Cabibbo M, Moro AJ. Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensing of Copper Ions in Water through o-Phenylenediamine-Derived Carbon Dots. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23063029. [PMID: 36991739 PMCID: PMC10056730 DOI: 10.3390/s23063029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs) were synthesized using a simple one-step hydrothermal method starting from o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and ammonium sulfide. The prepared NSCDs presented a selective dual optical response to Cu(II) in water through the arising of an absorption band at 660 nm and simultaneous fluorescence enhancement at 564 nm. The first effect was attributed to formation of cuprammonium complexes through coordination with amino functional groups of NSCDs. Alternatively, fluorescence enhancement can be explained by the oxidation of residual OPD bound to NSCDs. Both absorbance and fluorescence showed a linear increase with an increase of Cu(II) concentration in the range 1-100 µM, with the lowest detection limit of 100 nM and 1 µM, respectively. NSCDs were successfully incorporated in a hydrogel agarose matrix for easier handling and application to sensing. The formation of cuprammonium complexes was strongly hampered in an agarose matrix while oxidation of OPD was still effective. As a result, color variations could be perceived both under white light and UV light for concentrations as low as 10 µM. Since these color changes were similarly perceived in tap and lake water samples, the present method could be a promising candidate for simple, cost-effective visual monitoring of copper onsite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramanand Bisauriya
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Antonaroli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Cabibbo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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7
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Wang K, Tan L, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang N, Wang J. A molecular imprinted fluorescence sensor based on carbon quantum dots for selective detection of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114587. [PMID: 36669299 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
P-nitrophenol (4-NP) is the most persistent and highly toxic species among nitrophenol. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe for the detection of 4-NP in aqueous environment was constructed by combining the carbon dots (CQDs) with excellent optical properties and the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with favorable selectivity. The CQDs were synthesized by hydrothermal method using citric acid hydrate as carbon source and o-phenylenediamine as surface modifier, then the molecularly imprinted polymers coating on the CQDs (MIP@CQDs) were obtained by sol-gel imprinting process. The fluorescence quenching of MIP@CQDs is the results of internal filtration effect and dynamic quenching when they encounter with 4-NP. The probe is suitable for the quantitative detection of trace 4-NP in actual aqueous samples, such as tap water, wastewater and seawater, with satisfying recoveries from 95.1 % to 107.8 %, wide detection linear ranges between 0 and 144 μmol/L, low detection limit of 0.41 μmol/L and high selectivity. The detection results are consistent with those of the HPLC method. This work provides a simple, rapid and effective fluorescent detection method for trace 4-NP in aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Razack SA, Lee Y, Shin H, Duraiarasan S, Chun BS, Kang HW. Cellulose nanofibrils reinforced chitosan-gelatin based hydrogel loaded with nanoemulsion of oregano essential oil for diabetic wound healing assisted by low level laser therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:220-239. [PMID: 36509199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are imperfections in the process of wound healing due to hyperglycemic conditions. Here, a nanoemulgel fabricated with oregano essential oil nanoemulsion, assisted by low-level laser therapy, was investigated for its efficacy in diabetic wound healing. A hydrogel- based healing patch, fabricated using biological polymers namely chitosan and gelatin and, polyvinyl pyrollidone. The hydrogel was reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils for enhanced stability and barrier properties. Nanoemulsion of oregano essential oil, with an average particle size of 293.7 ± 8.3 nm, was prepared via homogenization with chitosan as the coating agent. Nanoemulsion impregnated hydrogel, termed as the nanoemulgel, was assessed for its physio-mechanical properties and healing efficiency. The strong linkages in nanoemulgel demonstrated its large swelling capacity, high mechanical strength, and maximum thermal stability. The optimized conditions for low-level laser therapy using 808 nm were 1 W. cm-2 and 5 min. The optimized drug concentration of 128 μg. mL-1 exhibited viability of NIH/3 T3 fibroblasts as 75.5 ± 1.2 % after 24 h. Cell migration assay demonstrated that dual therapy facilitated wound healing, with a maximum closure rate of 100 % at 48 h. In vivo results revealed the rapid healing effects of the dual therapy in diabetic rat models with foot ulcers: a maximum healing rate of 97.5 %, minimum scar formation, increased granulation, enhanced reepithelialization, and a drastic decrease in inflammation and neutrophil infiltration within the treatment period compared to monotherapy and control. In summary, the combinatorial therapy of nanoemulgel and low-level laser therapy is a promising regimen for managing diabetic foot ulcers with a rapid healing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajunnisa Abdul Razack
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeachan Lee
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwarang Shin
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Campalani C, Causin V, Selva M, Perosa A. Fish-Waste-Derived Gelatin and Carbon Dots for Biobased UV-Blocking Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35148-35156. [PMID: 35877809 PMCID: PMC9354012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fish industry produces every year huge amounts of waste that represent an underutilized source of chemical richness. In this contribution, type I collagen was extracted from the scales of Mugil cephalus and carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the scales of Dicentrarchus labrax. These materials were combined to make hybrid films with UV-blocking ability, by casting a mixture of gelatin, glycerol (15%), and CDs (0, 1, 3, and 5%). The films were fully characterized from the mechanical, morphological, and optical point of view. Here, 40 μm thick films were obtained, characterized by a high water solubility (70%); moreover, the presence of CDs improved the film mechanical properties, in particular increasing the tensile strength (TS) up to 17 MPa and elongation at break (EAB) up to 40%. The CDs also modulated water vapor permeability and the thermal stability of the films. From the optical point of view, with just 5% loading of CDs the films blocked almost 70% of the UV radiation with negligible change in transparency (88.6% for the nonloaded vs 84.4% for 5% CDs) and opacity (1.32 for nonloaded vs 1.61 for 5% CDs). These types of hybrid biobased films hold promise for the production of sustainable UV-shields both for human health and for prolonging the shelf life of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Campalani
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Valerio Causin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Selva
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università
Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
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10
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Folic Acid-Modified Cerium-Doped Carbon Dots as Photoluminescence Sensors for Cancer Cells Identification and Fe(III) Detection. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of carbon-based luminescence materials with fascinating properties. They have been given great expectations on superseding traditional semiconductor quantum dots due to their good dispersity and stability, relatively low toxicity, superior resistance to photobleaching, and excellent biocompatibility. The diversified luminescence properties of CDs are largely due to the synthetic strategies and precursors. In view of those described above, this study has explored the possibility to establish a facile one-step hydrothermal method for the one-pot synthesis of folic acid-modified cerium-doped CDs (Ce-CDs-FA), which could be further utilized as a sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe for biosensing. This investigation demonstrates that the Ce-CDs-FA nanocomposites have nice biocompatibility and bright fluorescent properties, which can be readily utilized to detect cancer cells through recognizing overexpressing folate receptors by virtue of folic acid. Meanwhile, it is noted that the Fe3+ ion can actualize a specific and hypersensitive quenching effect for these Ce-CDs-FA nanocomposites, which can be further explored for special ion recognition, including iron ions. It raises the possibility that the as-prepared Ce-CDs-FA nanocomposites could be extended as a dual fluorescence sensor for targeted cell imaging and Fe3+ ion detection.
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11
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Sargazi S, Fatima I, Hassan Kiani M, Mohammadzadeh V, Arshad R, Bilal M, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM, Behzadmehr R. Fluorescent-based nanosensors for selective detection of a wide range of biological macromolecules: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:115-147. [PMID: 35231532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their unique attributes, such as good sensitivity, selectivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and versatile optical and electronic properties, fluorescent-based bioprobes have been used to create highly sensitive nanobiosensors to detect various biological and chemical agents. These sensors are superior to other analytical instrumentation techniques like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis for being biodegradable, eco-friendly, and more economical, operational, and cost-effective. Moreover, several reports have also highlighted their application in the early detection of biomarkers associated with drug-induced organ damage such as liver, kidney, or lungs. In the present work, we comprehensively overviewed the electrochemical sensors that employ nanomaterials (nanoparticles/colloids or quantum dots, carbon dots, or nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks, etc.) to detect a variety of biological macromolecules based on fluorescent emission spectra. In addition, the most important mechanisms and methods to sense amino acids, protein, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, vitamins, ions, metals, and electrolytes, blood gases, drugs (i.e., anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics), toxins, alkaloids, antioxidants, cancer biomarkers, urinary metabolites (i.e., urea, uric acid, and creatinine), and pathogenic microorganisms were outlined and compared in terms of their selectivity and sensitivity. Altogether, the small dimensions and capability of these nanosensors for sensitive, label-free, real-time sensing of chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical agents could be used in array-based screening and in-vitro or in-vivo diagnostics. Although fluorescent nanoprobes are widely applied in determining biological macromolecules, unfortunately, they present many challenges and limitations. Efforts must be made to minimize such limitations in utilizing such nanobiosensors with an emphasis on their commercial developments. We believe that the current review can foster the wider incorporation of nanomedicine and will be of particular interest to researchers working on fluorescence technology, material chemistry, coordination polymers, and related research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 98167-43463 Zahedan, Iran
| | - Iqra Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Hassan Kiani
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Razieh Behzadmehr
- Department of Radiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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12
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Phan LMT, Cho S. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9303703. [PMID: 35440939 PMCID: PMC9013550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provide distinctive advantages of strong fluorescence, good photostability, high water solubility, and outstanding biocompatibility, and thus are widely exploited as potential imaging agents for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Imaging is absolutely necessary when discovering the structure and function of cells, detecting biomarkers in diagnosis, tracking the progress of ongoing disease, treating various tumors, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy, making it an important approach in modern biomedicine. Numerous investigations of CDs have been intensively studied for utilization in bioimaging-supported medical sciences. However, there is still no article highlighting the potential importance of CD-based bioimaging to support various biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the development of CDs as fluorescence (FL) nanoprobes with different FL colors for potential bioimaging-based applications in living cells, tissue, and organisms, including the bioimaging of various cell types and targets, bioimaging-supported sensing of metal ions and biomolecules, and FL imaging-guided tumor therapy. Current CD-based microscopic techniques and their advantages are also highlighted. This review discusses the significance of advanced CD-supported imaging-based in vitro and in vivo investigations, suggests the potential of CD-based imaging for biomedicine, and encourages the effective selection and development of superior probes and platforms for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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13
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Tuning the Sensing Properties of N and S Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Colorimetric Detection of Copper and Cobalt in Water. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072487. [PMID: 35408102 PMCID: PMC9003535 DOI: 10.3390/s22072487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NS-CDs) were investigated for the detection of heavy metals in water through absorption-based colorimetric response. NS-CDs were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by TEM, STEM-coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Addition of Cu(II) ions to NS-CD aqueous solutions gave origin to a distinct absorption band at 660 nm which was attributed to the formation of cuprammonium complexes through coordination with amino functional groups of NS-CDs. Absorbance increased linearly with Cu(II) concentration in the range 1–100 µM and enabled a limit of detection of 200 nM. No response was observed with the other tested metals, including Fe(III) which, however, appreciably decreased sensitivity to copper. Increase of pH of the NS-CD solution up to 9.5 greatly reduced this interference effect and enhanced the response to Cu(II), thus confirming the different nature of the two interactions. In addition, a concurrent response to Co(II) appeared in a different spectral region, thus suggesting the possibility of dual-species multiple sensitivity. The present method neither requires any other reagents nor any previous assay treatment and thus can be a promising candidate for low-cost monitoring of copper onsite and by unskilled personnel.
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14
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Rapid microwave synthesis of N,S-doped carbon quantum dots as a novel turn off-on sensor for label-free determination of copper and etidronate disodium. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1197:339491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Fluorescent carbon dots for sensing metal ions and small molecules. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Bayrami A, Bagherzadeh M, Navi H, Nikkhoo M, Amini M. Zwitterion-functionalized MIL-125-NH 2-based thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes: towards improved performance for salt rejection and heavy metal removal. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating zwitterion-functionalized MIL-125-NH2 nanoparticles in the rejection layer of TFN FO membranes improves their water/ion separation performance and antifouling ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Bayrami
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Navi
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nikkhoo
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Sheet PS, Park S, Sengupta P, Koley D. Multifunctional dendritic molecular probe for selective detection of Cu 2+ ions using potentiometric and fluorometric techniques. Analyst 2021; 146:7109-7117. [PMID: 34591042 PMCID: PMC8612447 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a multifunctional dendritic molecular probe that selectively detects Cu2+ ions via potentiometric and fluorometric techniques with low detection limits (3.5 μM in potentiometry, 15 nM in fluorometry). The selective and reversible binding of the molecule with the Cu2+ ion was used to make a solid-state microsensor (diameter of 25 μm) by incorporating the molecular probe into the carbon-based membrane as an ionophore for Cu(II). The Cu(II) microelectrode has a broad linear range of 10 μM to 1 mM with a near Nernstian slope of 30 mV/log [aCu2+] and detection limit of 3.5 μM. The Cu(II) microsensor has a fast response time (1.5 s), and it has a broad working pH range from 3.5 to 6.0. The incorporation of the hydrophobic dendritic moiety makes the ionophore less prone to leaching in an aqueous matrix for potentiometric measurement. The cinnamaldehyde component of the molecule helps detection of Cu2+ ions fluorometrically, as indicated by a change in fluorescence upon selective and reversible binding of the molecular probe to the Cu2+ ions. The strategic design of the molecular probe allows us to detect Cu2+ ions in drinking water by using this novel dendritic fluoroionophore and solid-state Cu2+ - ion-selective microelectrode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suji Park
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Pavel Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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18
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Lian M, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zhao J, Zhou X, Chen D. Template-Regulated Bimetallic Sulfide Nanozymes with High Specificity and Activity for Visual Colorimetric Detection of Cellular H 2O 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53599-53609. [PMID: 34726914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the past several decades, most of the research studies on nanozymes have been aimed at improving their catalytic activity and diversity; however, developing nanozymes with strong catalytic activity and great specificity remains a challenge. Herein, a simple and efficient template synthesis method was used to synthesize bimetallic sulfide nanoparticles, NiCo2S4 NPs, and prove that they have excellent peroxidase-like activity with good specificity. By regulating polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as the templating agent, we have obtained the NiCo2S4 (PVP) NPs with a high Ni/Co ratio, thus exhibiting superior peroxidase activity. In addition, the NiCo2S4 NPs selectively catalyzed and oxidized colorless 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). On being treated with H2O2, TMB turns blue while other substrates did not undergo the oxidation reaction under the same conditions, such as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) and dopamine. The high specificity of NiCo2S4 NPs is due to the strong electrostatic driving coordination between negatively charged NiCo2S4 NPs and positively charged TMB. Due to the peroxidase activity of the developed NiCo2S4 NPs, a simple, low-cost, and reliable colorimetric method was established. Simultaneously, this method for in situ quantitative monitoring of H2O2 produced by MDA-MB-231 cells was also achieved. This study has provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of the activity and specificity of bimetallic sulfide nanozymes and may offer guidance for the further reasonable design of related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Lian
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
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19
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Lee H, Su YC, Tang HH, Lee YS, Lee JY, Hu CC, Chiu TC. One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Dots as Fluorescent Probes for the Determination of Mercuric and Hypochlorite Ions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071831. [PMID: 34361216 PMCID: PMC8308378 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon dots (NSCDs) were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method, and citric acid, ethylenediamine, and methyl blue were used as precursors. The obtained NSCDs were spherical with an average size of 1.86 nm. The fluorescence emission spectra of the NSCDs were excitation independent and emitted blue fluorescence at 440 nm with an excitation wavelength at 350 nm. The quantum yield of the NSCDs was calculated to be 68.0%. The NSCDs could be constructed as fluorescent probes for highly selective and sensitive sensing mercuric (Hg2+) and hypochlorite (ClO−) ions. As the addition of Hg2+ or ClO− ions to the NSCDs, the fluorescence intensity was effectively quenched due to dynamic quenching. Under the optimal conditions, the linear response of the fluorescence intensity ranged from 0.7 μM to 15 μM with a detection limit of 0.54 μM and from 0.3 μM to 5.0 μM with a limit of detection of 0.29 μM for Hg2+ and ClO− ions, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for quantifying Hg2+ and ClO− ions in spiked tap water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Lee
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; (H.L.); (Y.-C.S.); (H.-H.T.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yen-Chang Su
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; (H.L.); (Y.-C.S.); (H.-H.T.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Hsiang-Hao Tang
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; (H.L.); (Y.-C.S.); (H.-H.T.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Lee
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; (H.L.); (Y.-C.S.); (H.-H.T.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Jan-Yee Lee
- Department of Environment Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan 710303, Taiwan;
| | - Cho-Chun Hu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; (H.L.); (Y.-C.S.); (H.-H.T.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan; (H.L.); (Y.-C.S.); (H.-H.T.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-89-517-990
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20
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Campaña AL, Guillén A, Rivas R, Akle V, Cruz JC, Osma JF. Functionalization and Evaluation of Inorganic Adsorbents for the Removal of Cadmium in Wastewater. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144150. [PMID: 34299425 PMCID: PMC8304640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the feasibility of using various functionalized substrates, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and Al2O3 spheres, for the removal of Cd from aqueous solution. To improve the materials’ affinity to Cd, we explored four different surface modifications, namely (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), L-Cysteine (Cys) and 3-(triethoxysilyl) propylsuccinic anhydride (CAS). Particles were characterized by FTIR, FIB-SEM and DLS and studied for their ability to remove metal ions. Modified NPs with APTES proved to be effective for Cd removal with efficiencies of up to 94%, and retention ratios up to 0.49 mg of Cd per g of NPs. Batch adsorption experiments investigated the influence of pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose on Cd adsorption. Additionally, the recyclability of the adsorbent and its potential phytotoxicity and animal toxicity effects were explored. The Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were applied to describe the behavior of the Cd adsorption processes. The adsorption and desorption results showed that Fe3O4 NPs modified with APTES are promising low-cost platforms with low phytotoxicity for highly efficient heavy metal removal in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucía Campaña
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Amaimen Guillén
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Veronica Akle
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Johann F Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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21
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Campalani C, Cattaruzza E, Zorzi S, Vomiero A, You S, Matthews L, Capron M, Mondelli C, Selva M, Perosa A. Biobased Carbon Dots: From Fish Scales to Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:524. [PMID: 33670807 PMCID: PMC7922425 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and photoreduction ability of a new class of carbon dots made from fish scales is here described. Fish scales are a waste material that contains mainly chitin, one of the most abundant natural biopolymers, and collagen. These components make the scales rich, not only in carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but also in nitrogen. These self-nitrogen-doped carbonaceous nanostructured photocatalyst were synthesized from fish scales by a hydrothermal method in the absence of any other reagents. The morphology, structure and optical properties of these materials were investigated. Their photocatalytic activity was compared with the one of conventional nitrogen-doped carbon dots made from citric acid and diethylenetriamine in the photoreduction reaction of methyl viologen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Campalani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (C.C.); (E.C.); (S.Z.); (A.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Elti Cattaruzza
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (C.C.); (E.C.); (S.Z.); (A.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Sandro Zorzi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (C.C.); (E.C.); (S.Z.); (A.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Alberto Vomiero
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (C.C.); (E.C.); (S.Z.); (A.V.); (M.S.)
- Division of Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematichs, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Shujie You
- Division of Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematichs, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Lauren Matthews
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marie Capron
- The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (L.M.); (M.C.)
- Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter PSCM, ESRF The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Claudia Mondelli
- CNR-IOM, Institut Laue Langevin, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
| | - Maurizio Selva
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (C.C.); (E.C.); (S.Z.); (A.V.); (M.S.)
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (C.C.); (E.C.); (S.Z.); (A.V.); (M.S.)
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Li C, Sun X, Li Y, Liu H, Long B, Xie D, Chen J, Wang K. Rapid and Green Fabrication of Carbon Dots for Cellular Imaging and Anti-Counterfeiting Applications. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3232-3237. [PMID: 33553940 PMCID: PMC7860518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with plenty of favorable properties have been extensively investigated in diverse areas including bioimaging, biomedicine, sensor, energy storage, anti-counterfeiting, photocatalysis, and optoelectronic devices. Herein, a simple, rapid, and green sonochemical-assisted method for fabricating nitrogen-doped CDs has been developed. In this approach, the nitrogen-doped CDs can be obtained through irradiation by intensive ultrasonic waves from ultrasonic probes in 30 min. The achieved CDs exhibit excellent water dispersibility, which can be ascribed to their high functionalization. Importantly, the CDs also demonstrate remarkable fluorescent properties, high photostability, and low cytotoxicity, which can be utilized for multicolor cellular imaging and anti-counterfeiting applications. As far as we know, the sonochemical-assisted method for rapidly synthesizing nitrogen-doped CDs from gelatin has never been reported before. Significantly, the sonochemical-assisted approach to rapidly fabricate CDs is versatile for the facile construction of fluorescent CDs, and the obtained CDs can be potentially used in various areas including bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Hailu Liu
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Bibo Long
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Junjia Chen
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
- Guangdong
Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
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Li YX, Lee JY, Lee H, Hu CC, Chiu TC. Highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ and ClO− ions and fluorescent ink. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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El-Shaheny R, Yoshida S, Fuchigami T. Graphene quantum dots as a nanoprobe for analysis of o- and p-nitrophenols in environmental water adopting conventional fluorometry and smartphone image processing-assisted paper-based analytical device. In-depth study of sensing mechanisms. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Kottam N, S P S. "Luminescent carbon nanodots: Current prospects on synthesis, properties and sensing applications". Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 9. [PMID: 33043896 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abc008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
"Nanocarbon science" ignited interest owing to its substantial scope in biomedicine, energy and environment-beneficial applications. Carbon dots (C-dots), a multi-faceted nanocarbon material, emerged as a homologue to graphene and henceforth geared extensive investigation both on its properties and applications. Eximious properties like excitation-wavelength tunable fluorescence emission, up-converted photoluminescence, photon-induced electron transfer, low cytotoxicity, chiroptical behavior, high chemical and photostability set the ground for astounding applications of carbon dots. Abundant availability of raw "green" precursors complementary to other molecular/graphitic precursors make them environmentally benign, inexpensive and ultimately "nanomaterials of the current decade". This review focuses on the synthesis of carbon dots not only from natural sources but also from other carbonaceous precursors and contemplates the inherent but controversial properties. We also aim to garner the attention of readers to the recent progress achieved by C-dots in one of its prestantious area of applications as nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kottam
- Chemistry, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, Bangalore, 560054, INDIA
| | - Smrithi S P
- M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA
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Ganesan M, Nagaraaj P. Quantum dots as nanosensors for detection of toxics: a literature review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4254-4275. [PMID: 32940270 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Great advances have been made in sensor-based methods for chemical analysis owing to their high sensitivity, selectivity, less testing time, and minimal usage of chemical reagents. Quantum Dots (QDs) having excellent optical properties have been thoroughly explored for variety of scientific applications wherein light plays an important role. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of publications on the applications of QDs as photoluminescent nanosensors for the detection of chemicals and biomolecules. However, there has been hardly any publication describing the use of QDs in the detection of various toxic chemicals at one place. Hence, a literature survey has been made on the applications of QDs as chemosensors for the detection of gaseous, anionic, phenolic, metallic, drug-overdose, and pesticide poison so as to open a new perspective towards the role of sensors in analytical toxicology. In this review, the QD-based analysis of biospecimens for poison detection in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthupandian Ganesan
- Toxicology Division, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Forensic Sciences Department, Forensic House, Chennai-4, India.
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27
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Niu L, Shi M, Feng Y, Sun X, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Li M. The Interactions of Quantum Dot-Labeled Silk Fibroin Micro/Nanoparticles with Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3372. [PMID: 32751473 PMCID: PMC7436185 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When silk fibroin particles are used for controlled drug delivery, particle size plays a key role in the location of the carrier on the cells as well as the transport pathway, utilization efficiency, and therapeutic effect of the drugs. In this study, the interactions of different-sized silk fibroin particles and cell lines were investigated. Silk fibroin microparticles with dry size of 1.9 ± 0.4 μm (2.7 ± 0.3 μm in wet state) and silk fibroin nanoparticles with dry size of 51.5 ± 11.0 nm (174.8 ± 12.5 nm in wet state) were prepared by salting-out method and high-voltage electrospray method, respectively. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were coupled to the surface of the micro/nanoparticles. Photostability observations indicated that the fluorescence stability of the quantum dots was much higher than that of fluorescein isothiocyanate. In vitro, microparticles and nanoparticles were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells EA.hy 926 and cervical cancer cells HeLa, respectively. The fluorescence test and cell viability showed that the EA.hy926 cells tended to be adhered to the microparticle surfaces and the cell proliferation was significantly promoted, while the nanoparticles were more likely to be internalized in HeLa cells and the cell proliferation was notably inhibited. Our findings might provide useful information concerning effective drug delivery that microparticles may be preferred if the drugs need to be delivered to normal cell surface, while nanoparticles may be preferred if the drugs need to be transmitted in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren’ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (M.S.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.)
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28
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Emanuele A, Cailotto S, Campalani C, Branzi L, Raviola C, Ravelli D, Cattaruzza E, Trave E, Benedetti A, Selva M, Perosa A. Precursor-Dependent Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Dots. Molecules 2019; 25:E101. [PMID: 31888094 PMCID: PMC6983025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work systematically compares both structural features and photocatalytic performance of a series of graphitic and amorphous carbon dots (CDs) prepared in a bottom-up manner from fructose, glucose, and citric acid. We demonstrate that the carbon source and synthetic procedures diversely affect the structural and optical properties of the CDs, which in turn unpredictably influence their photo electron transfer ability. The latter was evaluated by studying the photo-reduction of methyl viologen. Overall, citric acid-CDs were found to provide the best photocatalytic performance followed by fructose- and glucose-CDs. However, while the graphitization of glucose- and citric acid-CDs favored the photo-reaction, a reverse structure-activity dependence was observed for fructose-CDs due to the formation of a large graphitic-like supramolecular assembly. This study highlights the complexity to design in advance photo-active bio-based carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadio Emanuele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Simone Cailotto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlotta Campalani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Branzi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Elti Cattaruzza
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Enrico Trave
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alvise Benedetti
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maurizio Selva
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; (S.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (E.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
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Shang J, Zhao M, Qu H, Li H, Gao R, Chen S. New application of p-n junction in electrochemical detection: The detection of heavy metal ions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Sahoo NK, Jana GC, Aktara MN, Das S, Nayim S, Patra A, Bhattacharjee P, Bhadra K, Hossain M. Carbon dots derived from lychee waste: Application for Fe 3+ ions sensing in real water and multicolor cell imaging of skin melanoma cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110429. [PMID: 31923934 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exploit of biomass as an inexhaustible resource has accepted much more curiosity to the present research world. Herein, a simple, one-step solvothermal action has been used to synthesize an ascendable amount of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with an average size of~3.13 nm, from Low-reasonable and green source lychee waste. The excitation/emission maxima of CDs have 365/443 nm with high quantum yield (23.5%). The present ingredient predominantly contained carboxylic acid and hydroxyl group that acted as a passive agent for stabilizing the CDs. The structural and optical properties were evaluated through HRTEM, FTIR, UV-vis, zeta potential, XPS, fluorescence, and fluorescence lifetime experiments. We investigated the manoeuvre of our synthesized CDs as a probe for detection of Fe3+ ions in water bodies; This sensing approach showed impressive selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ions with LOD 23.6 nM. The sensing mechanism took place through static quenching which was entrenched through fluorescence lifetime measurements. Fe3+ ions detection was basically carried out with efficacy in real water. For its lofty Photo-stability, low cytotoxicity and cell viability the probe were substantially applied for bio-imaging experiment i.e. intracellular multi-color cell imaging in skin melanoma cells (A375 cells) with and without Fe3+ ions exemplifying its real applications in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopal Chandra Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Mt Nasima Aktara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Nayim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirudha Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Maidul Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
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