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Yuan W, Ma Y, Zhang H. Development of heterocyclic-based frameworks as potential scaffold of 5-HT1A receptor agonist and future perspectives: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38496. [PMID: 38875413 PMCID: PMC11175882 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As a subtype of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor, 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the pathological process of psychiatric disorders and is an important target for antidepressants. The research groups focus on these area have tried to design novel compounds to alleviate depression by targeting 5-HT1A receptor. The heterocyclic structures is an important scaffold to enhance the antidepressant activity of ligands, including piperazine, piperidine, benzothiazole, and pyrrolidone. The current review highlights the function and significance of nitrogen-based heterocyclics 5-HT1AR represented by piperazine, piperidine, benzothiazole, and pyrrolidone in the development of antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yuan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Gumei Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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2
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Angeli A, Petrou A, Kartsev VG, Zubenko A, Divaeva LN, Chekrisheva V, Iacopetta D, Sinicropi MS, Sirakanyan S, Geronikaki A, Supuran CT. Phthalazine Sulfonamide Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Synthesis, Biological and in silico Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400147. [PMID: 38713763 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide involved in several biological processes. They show a wide diversity in tissue distribution and their subcellular localization. Twenty-two novel phthalazine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against four human isoforms: hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII. Compounds appeared to be very active mostly against hCA IX (7) and hCA I (6) isoforms being more potent than reference drug acetazolamide (AAZ). Some compounds appeared to be very selective with a selectivity index up to 13.8. Furthermore, docking was performed for some of these compounds on all isoforms to understand the possible interactions with the active site. Additionally, the most active compounds against hCA IX were subjected to cell viability assay. The anticancer activity of the compounds (3 a-d, 5 d, 5 i, and 5 m) was investigated using two human breast cancer cell lines, i. e. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and the normal counterpart, namely MCF10-A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Alexandr Zubenko
- North-Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, 346406, Novocherkassk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila N Divaeva
- North-Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, 346406, Novocherkassk, Russia
| | - Victoria Chekrisheva
- North-Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute, 346406, Novocherkassk, Russia
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Samvel Sirakanyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L. Mnjoyan, Armenia, 0014, Yerevan
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Jaiswal S, Verma K, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Tetrazole derivatives in the management of neurological disorders: Recent advances on synthesis and pharmacological aspects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116388. [PMID: 38614062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of a large number of mortalities and morbidities. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds have been pivotal in exhibiting wide array of therapeutic applications. Among them, tetrazole is a ubiquitous class of organic heterocyclic compounds that have attracted much attention because of its unique structural and chemical properties, and a wide range of pharmacological activities comprising anti-convulsant effect, antibiotic, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive to name a few. Owing to significant chemical and biological properties, the present review aimed at highlighting the recent advances in tetrazole derivatives with special emphasis on their role in the management of neurological diseases. Besides, in-depth structure-activity relationships, molecular docking studies, and associated modes of action of tetrazole derivatives evident in in vitro, in vivo preclinical, and clinical studies have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India.
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Desai NC, Jadeja DJ, Jethawa AM, Ahmad I, Patel H, Dave BP. Design and synthesis of some novel hybrid molecules based on 4-thiazolidinone bearing pyridine-pyrazole scaffolds: molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of its major constituent onto DNA gyrase inhibition. Mol Divers 2024; 28:693-709. [PMID: 36750538 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to multidrug resistance, microbial infections have become significant on a global level. As infections caused by several resistant bacteria and fungi severely harm mankind, scientists have developed new antibiotics to combat these infections. In order to develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of 4-thiazolidinone-based 5-arylidene hybrids (5a-o) have been designed and synthesized to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activities. For the determination of the structure of a novel synthesized hybrid, various spectral techniques, e.g., IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectroscopy, were used. Two bacterial gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes), and one fungal strain (Candida albicans) were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Compounds 5c, 5g, and 5i were effective due to their MIC values of 62.5 μg/mL against tested bacterial strains (S. pyogenes (5c), P. aeruginosa (5g), and E. coli (5i), respectively.) and 250 μg/mL against C. albicans fungal strains, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamic simulations were carried out to investigate the stability of molecular contacts and to establish how the newly synthesized inhibitors fit together in the most stable conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India.
| | - Dharmpalsinh J Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India
| | - Aratiba M Jethawa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Bhavnagar, 364 002, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - B P Dave
- School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Kadi, Gujarat, 382740, India
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5
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Desai N, Jadeja D, Monapara J, Panda SK, Rana MK, Dave B. Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, DFT, and molecular docking studies of pyridine-pyrazole-based dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazoles against various bacterial and fungal targets. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23377. [PMID: 37098749 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance which is increasing at an alarming rate is a severe public health issue worldwide. Hence, the development of novel antibiotics is an urgent need as microbes have developed resistance against available antibiotics. In search of novel antimicrobial agents, a convenient route for the preparation of substituted 3-(1-phenyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(2-phenyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones (6a-6o) has been adopted by using pyridine-3-carbohydrazide and various aromatic aldehydes. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using various spectral techniques, for example, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Synthesized hybrids were studied for in vitro antimicrobial potency against various bacterial and fungal strains. Antibacterial results revealed that compounds 6e, 6h, 6i, 6l, and 6m were found to be most active against bacterial strains as they showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 62.5 μg/mL while compounds 6d, 6e, and 6h showed MIC value of 200 μg/mL against Candida albicans. The quantum parameters that relate to the bioavailability of the compounds were computed, followed by docking with different bacterial and fungal targets like sortase A, dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate kinase, gyrase B, sterol 14-alpha demethylase. The experimental and computational results are in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Dharmpalsinh Jadeja
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Jahnvi Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Bharti Dave
- School of Science, Indrashil University, Kadi, Gujarat, India
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Danishyar B, Sepehrmansourie H, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA, As’Habi MA, Gu Y. Synthesis and Application of Novel Magnetic Glycoluril Tetrakis(Methylene Phosphorous Acid) as a Nano Biological Catalyst for the Preparation of Nicotinonitriles via a Cooperative Vinylogous Anomeric-Based Oxidation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bashirullah Danishyar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hassan Sepehrmansourie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali As’Habi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plant and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yanlong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Singh K, Pal R, Khan SA, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Insights into the structure activity relationship of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics for the development of antidepressant compounds: An updated review. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Synthesis and Antidepressant Activity of 4-Alkyl-5-Bromo-2,4-Dihydro-2-(Thietan-3-YL)-1,2,4-Triazol-3-Ones. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Goni O, Khan MF, Rahman MM, Hasan MZ, Kader FB, Sazzad N, Sakib MA, Romano B, Haque MA, Capasso R. Pharmacological insights on the antidepressant, anxiolytic and aphrodisiac potentials of Aglaonema hookerianum Schott. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113664. [PMID: 33278545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aglaonema hookerianum Schott is an ethnomedicinally important plant used to treat a variety of diseases, including sexual and depression-like disorders. However, the scientific basis underlying the aforesaid properties have not been well justified. AIM OF THE STUDY The present investigation aimed to investigate the anxiolytic, antidepressant and aphrodisiac potentials of methanol leaves extract of A. hookerianum (MEAH) in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Swiss albino mice (20-30 g) were orally administrated with MEAH at the doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg/kg, b.w. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board test (HBT) were performed to determine the anxiolytic activity and the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to determine the antidepressant activity of MEAH. Besides, the aphrodisiac activity of MEAH was conducted through the mounting behaviour and orientation behaviour analysis. Diazepam (1 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) for EPM and HBT; fluoxetine HCl (20 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) for FST and TST, and sildenafil (5 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) for the mounting behaviour analysis and orientation behaviour analysis were used as reference drugs. RESULTS The administration of the MEAH produced a strong (p < 0.001) dose-dependent anxiolytic effects in both HBT and EPM tests. Likewise, the extract revealed a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the immobility time in both FST and TST as compared to the control group. Besides, the MEAH also found to possess marked aphrodisiac activity complying several facets such as an increase in the sexual performance at the highest dose (400 mg/kg, p.o.) as well as the orientation toward female mice (p < 0.001) at all tested doses. CONCLUSION Taken together, MEAH can be recommended as a potent source of neuroprotective and a libido-boosting drug candidate for the management of neurological and sexual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Goni
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Forhad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Bin Kader
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Nasim Sazzad
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuz Ahmed Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, 4318 Chittagong, Bangladesh; Drug & Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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Almehmadi MA, Aljuhani A, Alraqa SY, Ali I, Rezki N, Aouad MR, Hagar M. Design, synthesis, DNA binding, modeling, anticancer studies and DFT calculations of Schiff bases tethering benzothiazole-1,2,3-triazole conjugates. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Emon NU, Alam S, Rudra S, Riya SR, Paul A, Hossen SMM, Kulsum U, Ganguly A. Antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipyretic, and thrombolytic profiling of methanol extract of the aerial part of Piper nigrum: In vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:833-846. [PMID: 33598167 PMCID: PMC7866625 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper nigrum L. also called black pepper is popular for its numerous uses. The present research is designed to investigate the pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Piper nigrum (MEPN). The antidepressant investigation was performed by using both in vivo forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) methods while the anxiolytic research by hole-board test (HBT) method. Again, the antipyretic analysis was conducted through yeast-induced pyrexia method, whereas clot lysis activity was employed by the thrombolytic method. Furthermore, in silico studies followed by molecular docking analysis of several secondary metabolites, pass prediction, and ADME/T were evaluated with AutoDock Vina, Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera software PASS online, and ADME/T online tools. The plant extract demonstrated dose-dependent potentiality in antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipyretic, and thrombolytic activities. Induction of MEPN produced a significant (p < .5, p < .001) increase of mobility in FST and TST, and increased the head dipping and decreased the latency of time (p < .01, p < .001) in HBT. MEPN 400 (mg/kg; b.w.; p.o.) lowered the rectal temperature of yeast-induced pyrexia substantially (p < .001). Besides, MEPN produced promising (p < .001) clot lysis activity. In the computational approach, among all the proteins, a docking score was found ranging from -1.0 to -7.90 kcal/mol. Besides, all the compounds were found safe in ADME/T study. The results of our scientific research validate the suitability of this plant as an alternative source of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of PharmacyState University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
| | - Sajib Rudra
- Department of BotanyUniversity ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - Avi Paul
- Department of PharmacySouthern University BangladeshChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - Ummay Kulsum
- Department of PharmacyInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
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Evaluation of pharmacological potentials of the aerial part of Achyranthes aspera L.: in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Khan MF, Kader FB, Arman M, Ahmed S, Lyzu C, Sakib SA, Tanzil SM, Zim AFMIU, Imran MAS, Venneri T, Romano B, Haque MA, Capasso R. Pharmacological insights and prediction of lead bioactive isolates of Dita bark through experimental and computer-aided mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110774. [PMID: 33152933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dita bark (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.) is an ethnomedicine used for the management of various ailments. This study aimed to investigate the biological properties of methanol extract of A. scholaris bark (MEAS), through in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches alongside its phytochemical profiling. Identification and nature of the bioactive secondary metabolites were studied by the established qualitative tests and GC-MS analysis. The antidepressant activity was determined by forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. The anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic effect was evaluated using inhibition of protein denaturation technique and clot lysis technique, respectively. Besides, computational studies of the isolated compounds and ADME/T analysis were performed by Schrödinger-Maestro (v11.1) software, and PASS prediction was conducted through PASS online tools. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in MEAS. Treatment with MEAS revealed a significant reduction of immobility time in a dose-dependent manner in FST and TST. Besides, MEAS showed substantial anti-inflammatory effects at the higher dose (400 μg/mL) as well as revealed notable clot lysis effect as compared to control. In the case of computer-aided investigation, all compounds meet the condition of Lipinski's rule of five. PASS study also predicted for all compounds, and among these safe compound furazan-3-amine showed the most spontaneous binding energy for both antidepressant and thrombolytic activities, as well as 5-dimethylamino-6 azauracil, found promising for anti-inflammatory activity. Taken together, the investigation concludes that MEAS can be a potent source of antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Forhad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Bin Kader
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arman
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Suhel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Chadni Lyzu
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahenur Alam Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Shaifullah Mansur Tanzil
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - A F M Irfan Uddin Zim
- Department of Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Shukur Imran
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tommaso Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh; Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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