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Saito S, Ishikawa J, Ono M, Tasaki-Handa Y, Shibukawa M. Holo/apo conversion two-dimensional urea PAGE for speciation of Fe 3+-bound transferrin in serum. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:227-233. [PMID: 37966577 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents holo/apo conversion two-dimensional urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (HAC-2D urea PAGE) as a novel method for speciating Fe3+-bound transferrin (Tf) species in biological samples, with a combination of metal ion contaminant sweeping (MICS) technique and Fe3+ detection PAGE. In the HAC-2D urea MICS-PAGE approach, HAC was performed to dissociate all the Fe3+ ions bound to Tf from the Fe-Tf species, during a two-step urea PAGE. Using this method, Fe2-Tf, FeN-Tf, and FeC-Tf (holo-Tf, Fe3+-bound Tf attached to N-lobe, and Fe3+-bound Tf attached C-lobe, respectively) were completely isolated based on the difference in the higher-order structure of Tf, visible as horizontally aligned spots off the diagonal. The Fe3+ ions bound to Tf in each gel fraction were determined using PAGE with a fluorescent probe. Without the MICS technique, which electrophoretically removes all contaminant Fe3+ ions from the gel medium to ensure accurate determination of the Fe3+ concentration, it becomes challenging to precisely measure the distribution of metalloprotein species owing to the contaminants. Finally, the distribution of each Fe-bound Tf in a standard human serum sample was successfully determined by complete separation from large amounts of coexisting proteins, and the free Fe3+ concentration in the serum was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Junko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Moe Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuiko Tasaki-Handa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masami Shibukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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Fu Y, Li Z, Hu C, Li Q, Chen Z. Synthesis of carbon dots-based covalent organic nanomaterial as stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463343. [PMID: 35872537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of zero-dimensional carbon dots (CDs) to cross-linked nanomaterials is rare. In this work, a novel carbon dots-based covalent organic nanomaterial (CON CDs-TAPB) consisted of 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)-benzene (TAPB) and carbon dots (CDs) through facile Schiff-base reaction was synthesized and then employed as a stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The CON CDs-TAPB and the CDs-TAPB coated column were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-spectra experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thanks to CON CDs-TAPB unique structure and abundant accessibility and interaction sites, the prepared column exhibited a satisfactory separation ability towards analytes including parabens, phenolic compounds. Among all analytes, the highest column efficiency was over 1.6 × 105 plates·m-1. In addition, affording methylbenzene loading capacity of 156.9 pmole, surpassing most of those materials-based OT-CEC reported thus far. Thus, the prepared carbon dots-based covalent organic nanomaterial (CON CDs-TAPB) gave a potential as a stationary phase in the separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Qi H, Sun X, Jing T, Li J, Li J. Integration detection of mercury(ii) and GSH with a fluorescent "on-off-on" switch sensor based on nitrogen, sulfur co-doped carbon dots. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1989-1997. [PMID: 35425249 PMCID: PMC8979007 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using aurine and citric acid as precursors, we have synthesized stable blue-fluorescent nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NS-CDs), with a high quantum yield of up to 68.94% via a thermal lysis method. The fluorescent NS-CDs were employed as a sensitive sensor for the integration detection of Hg2+ and glutathione (GSH). This was attributed to Hg2+ effectively quenching the fluorescence of the NS-CDs by static quenching, and then GSH was able to recover the fluorescence owing to the stronger binding between Hg2+ and the sulfhydryl of GSH. Based on the "on-off-on" tactic, the detection limits of Hg2+ ions and GSH were 50 nM and 67 nM respectively. The fluorescence sensor was successfully applied to detect Hg2+ ions and GSH in actual samples (tap water and fetal bovine serum). Furthermore, we have proved that the sensor had good reversibility. Overall, our NS-CDs can serve as effective sensors for environmental and biological analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University No. 42, Wenhua Street Qiqihar 161006 P. R. China +86-452-2738214
| | - Xiaona Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University No. 42, Wenhua Street Qiqihar 161006 P. R. China +86-452-2738214
| | - Tao Jing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University No. 42, Wenhua Street Qiqihar 161006 P. R. China +86-452-2738214
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar University No. 42, Wenhua Street Qiqihar 161006 P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Heilongjiang Industrial Hemp Processing Technology Innovation Center, Qiqihar University No. 42, Wenhua Street Qiqihar 161006 P. R. China
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Konop M, Rybka M, Waraksa E, Laskowska AK, Nowiński A, Grzywacz T, Karwowski WJ, Drapała A, Kłodzińska EM. Electrophoretic Determination of Trimethylamine (TMA) in Biological Samples as a Novel Potential Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases Methodological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312318. [PMID: 34886043 PMCID: PMC8656779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as “athlete’s heart”) and certain cardiac diseases with the potential for sudden death is an important and not uncommon clinical problem. The use of noninvasive, fast, and cheap analytical techniques can help in making diagnostic differentiation and planning subsequent clinical strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine (TMA), a gut bacteria metabolite consisting of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule to the circulatory system. The present work aims to develop a simple and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis-based method for the determination of TMA in biological samples. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were evaluated through the study of its linearity (R2 > 0.9950) and the limit of detection and quantification (LOD = 1.2 µg/mL; LOQ = 3.6 µg/mL). The method shows great potential in high-throughput screening applications for TMA analysis in biological samples as a novel potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. The proposed electrophoretic method for the determination of TMA in biological samples from patients with cardiac disease is now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Konop
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (A.N.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Rybka
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (A.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Emilia Waraksa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport—National Research Institute, 01-879 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna K. Laskowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Nowiński
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (A.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Wojciech J. Karwowski
- Department of Measurement and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 02-106 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Adrian Drapała
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.); (A.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Ewa Maria Kłodzińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport—National Research Institute, 01-879 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (E.M.K.)
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Du J, Wang C, Yuan P, Shu Q, Xu N, Yang Y, Qi S, Ye Y, Zhu C. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a super selective and sensitive probe for sensing metronidazole in multiple samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4652-4661. [PMID: 34545380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A reliable, super selective and sensitive nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) nanoprobe that can quantitatively and quickly detect the concentration of metronidazole (MTZ) in multiple samples was built. We first prepared the N-CDs using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) as the precursor via a green, facile one-step hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized N-CDs were characterized by a variety of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, which revealed excitation-dependent fluorescence behavior with the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths being 335 and 370 nm, respectively. Significantly, the fluorescence emission of N-CDs underwent initial quenching upon the addition of MTZ via the inner filter effect (IFE), indicating a prospective detection method for MTZ. The linear range for MTZ detection was 0.1-250 μM, and the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be only 70 nM and 233.33 nM, respectively. Moreover, due to the negligible cytotoxicity and superior biocompatibility, the fabricated N-CDs show a promising prospect for detecting MTZ in living cells. In general, our proposed N-CDs-based fluorescence sensing platform possesses super low LOD and LOQ values, wide linear range, and satisfactory selectivity, and can be applied to the detection of MTZ in multiple real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Du
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Chaofeng Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Pingchuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qin Shu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Na Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Shuangqing Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Yin Ye
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
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Nitrogen-doped carbon dots aid in the separation of ssDNA molecules of different length by capillary transient isotachophoresis (ctITP) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461990. [PMID: 33640806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a novel application of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) to enable the separation of different lengths of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by eletrokinetic means. Carbon dots have recently found widespread application in the fields of sensing, diagnostics, and healthcare due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. In light of growing interest in the use of ssDNA aptamers over antibodies in the fields of biosensor development and drug delivery, it is important to establish a simple and effective method for aptamer separation. In this study, we employed NCDs as buffer additives in a capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based method, giving rise to the separation of FAM-labeled ssDNA samples ranging from 32 to 100 bases in length, with resolutions ranging from 1.30 - 1.77. In particular, we adopted a capillary transient isotachophoresis (ctITP) system with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, with both the separation and sample buffers modified by the addition of 30 μg/mL NCDs. These nanomaterials were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method from a mixture of citric acid and ethylenediamine. The NCDs themselves are highly fluorescent and photostable. As components in the background electrolyte, they did not interfere with the fluorescence emission of the FAM-labeled DNA samples. Under the conditions employed, no separation could be achieved in the absence of the NCDs nor with undoped CDs. The results show that NCDs function as buffer additives capable of enhancing electrokinetic-based separations of ssDNA, and hence, provide a new application for these carbon nanomaterials.
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Carbon dots – Separative techniques: Tools-objective towards green analytical nanometrology focused on bioanalysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chen J, Gong Z, Tang W, Row KH, Qiu H. Carbon dots in sample preparation and chromatographic separation: Recent advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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TAKAYANAGI T, IWASAKI S, MORITA K, HIRAYAMA N, MIZUGUCHI H. Capillary Electrophoretic Characterization of Carbon Nanodots Prepared from Glutamic Acid in an Electric Furnace. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio TAKAYANAGI
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Sota IWASAKI
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University
| | - Kotaro MORITA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Naoki HIRAYAMA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University
| | - Hitoshi MIZUGUCHI
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University
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