1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as a Precatalyst for Activation of Carbonyl Functionality

Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide

The susceptibility of the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic attack affords the construction of various organic compounds. Thus, investigations of carbonyl activation applying greener methodologies are highly important. In the present work, among the investigated N-halo compounds, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSi) has been found as an efficient and selective catalyst in the reaction of direct esterification of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids supported by microwave (MW) irradiation. The comprehensive esterification of different benzoic acids and mono-, di- and tri-carboxy alkyl derivatives was performed, whereby significant reaction time reductions were achieved. The presented method used NFSi as an easily manipulatable, non-metal, water- and air-tolerant catalyst, allowing simple synthetic and isolation procedures and energy saving, compared to conventional methodologies. Importantly, in contrast to esterification under thermal conditions, where N-halo compounds behave as pre-catalysts, in the MW-supported protocol, a distinct reaction mechanism has been proposed that assumes NFSi as a sustainable catalyst. Moreover, a scale-up of the industrially important derivative was performed.

N-Iodosuccinimide as a Precatalyst for C–N Bond-Forming Reactions from Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions

We report an efficient and selective methodology for the direct cross-coupling of alcohols with N-nucleophiles mediated by N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) as the non-metal, commercially available, low-cost, and most effective precatalyst among the N-halosuccinimides (NXSs) under mild reaction conditions enhancing the green chemical profiles of these reactions. The scale-up procedure was accomplished with almost quantitative yield, verifying the presented method’s synthetic applicability and potential for industrial application.

Direct Cross-Coupling of Alcohols with O-Nucleophiles Mediated by N-Iodosuccinimide as a Precatalyst under Mild Reaction Conditions

We report N-iodosuccinimide as the most efficient and selective precatalyst among the N-halosuccinimides for dehydrative O-alkylation reactions between various alcohols under high-substrate concentration reaction conditions. The protocol is non-metal, one-pot, selective, and easily scalable, with excellent yields; enhancing the green chemical profiles of these transformations.

N-Iodosuccinimide as a Precatalyst for Direct Cross-Coupling of Alcohols with C-Nucleophiles under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions

C–C bond formation is one of the most important implements in synthetic organic chemistry. In pursuit of effective synthetic routes functioning under greener pathways to achieve direct C–C bond formation, we report N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) as the most effective precatalyst among the N-halosuccinimides (NXSs) for the direct cross-coupling of benzyl alcohols with C-nucleophiles under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRC). The protocol is metal-free, and air- and water-tolerant, providing a large-scale synthesis with almost quantitative yields.

N-Halosuccinimides as Precatalysts for C-, N-, O-, and X-Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions

N-halosuccinimides (chloro, bromo, and iodo, respectively) were introduced, tested, and applied as efficient and non-metal precatalysts for C-, N-, O-, and X-nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRC) or under high substrate concentration reaction conditions (HCRC) efficiently and selectively, into the corresponding products.