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Kuluev B, Uteulin K, Bari G, Baimukhametova E, Musin K, Chemeris A. Molecular Genetic Research and Genetic Engineering of Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1621. [PMID: 37111845 PMCID: PMC10144037 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) remains an indispensable raw material with unique properties that is used in the manufacture of a large number of products and the global demand for it is growing every year. The only industrially important source of NR is the tropical tree Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg., thus alternative sources of rubber are required. For the temperate zone, the most suitable source of high quality rubber is the Russian (Kazakh) dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin (TKS). An obstacle to the widespread industrial cultivation of TKS is its high heterozygosity, poor growth energy, and low competitiveness in the field, as well as inbreeding depression. Rapid cultivation of TKS requires the use of modern technologies of marker-assisted and genomic selection, as well as approaches of genetic engineering and genome editing. This review is devoted to describing the progress in the field of molecular genetics, genomics, and genetic engineering of TKS. Sequencing and annotation of the entire TKS genome made it possible to identify a large number of SNPs, which were subsequently used in genotyping. To date, a total of 90 functional genes have been identified that control the rubber synthesis pathway in TKS. The most important of these proteins are part of the rubber transferase complex and are encoded by eight genes for cis-prenyltransferases (TkCPT), two genes for cis-prenyltransferase-like proteins (TkCPTL), one gene for rubber elongation factor (TkREF), and nine genes for small rubber particle proteins (TkSRPP). In TKS, genes for enzymes of inulin metabolism have also been identified and genome-wide studies of other gene families are also underway. Comparative transcriptomic and proteomic studies of TKS lines with different accumulations of NR are also being carried out, which help to identify genes and proteins involved in the synthesis, regulation, and accumulation of this natural polymer. A number of authors already use the knowledge gained in the genetic engineering of TKS and the main goal of these works is the rapid transformation of the TKS into an economically viable rubber crop. There are no great successes in this area so far, therefore work on genetic transformation and genome editing of TKS should be continued, considering the recent results of genome-wide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat Kuluev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Kairat Uteulin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, St. Timiryazev 45, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gabit Bari
- Laboratory of Microclonal Propagation of Plants, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, St. Valikhanov 137, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elvina Baimukhametova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Khalit Musin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Alexey Chemeris
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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2
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Böttner L, Malacrinò A, Schulze Gronover C, van Deenen N, Müller B, Xu S, Gershenzon J, Prüfer D, Huber M. Natural rubber reduces herbivory and alters the microbiome below ground. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36597727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Laticifers are hypothesized to mediate both plant-herbivore and plant-microbe interactions. However, there is little evidence for this dual function. We investigated whether the major constituent of natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, a phylogenetically widespread and economically important latex polymer, alters plant resistance and the root microbiome of the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz) under attack of a root herbivore, the larva of the May cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha). Rubber-depleted transgenic plants lost more shoot and root biomass upon herbivory than normal rubber content near-isogenic lines. Melolontha melolontha preferred to feed on artificial diet supplemented with rubber-depleted rather than normal rubber content latex. Likewise, adding purified cis-1,4-polyisoprene in ecologically relevant concentrations to diet deterred larval feeding and reduced larval weight gain. Metagenomics and metabarcoding revealed that abolishing biosynthesis of natural rubber alters the structure but not the diversity of the rhizosphere and root microbiota (ecto- and endophytes) and that these changes depended on M. melolontha damage. However, the assumption that rubber reduces microbial colonization or pathogen load is contradicted by four lines of evidence. Taken together, our data demonstrate that natural rubber biosynthesis reduces herbivory and alters the plant microbiota, which highlights the role of plant-specialized metabolites and secretory structures in shaping multitrophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Böttner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonino Malacrinò
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, I-89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Christian Schulze Gronover
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Meret Huber
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, D-48143, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Lin T, Xu X, Du H, Fan X, Chen Q, Hai C, Zhou Z, Su X, Kou L, Gao Q, Deng L, Jiang J, You H, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Wang G, Liang C, Zhang G, Yu H, Li J. Extensive sequence divergence between the reference genomes of Taraxacum kok-saghyz and Taraxacum mongolicum. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:515-528. [PMID: 34939160 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants belonging to the genus Taraxacum are widespread all over the world, which contain rubber-producing and non-rubber-producing species. However, the genomic basis underlying natural rubber (NR) biosynthesis still needs more investigation. Here, we presented high-quality genome assemblies of rubber-producing T. kok-saghyz TK1151 and non-rubber-producing T. mongolicum TM5. Comparative analyses uncovered a large number of genetic variations, including inversions, translocations, presence/absence variations, as well as considerable protein divergences between the two species. Two gene duplication events were found in these two Taraxacum species, including one common ancestral whole-genome triplication and one subsequent round of gene amplification. In genomes of both TK1151 and TM5, we identified the genes encoding for each step in the NR biosynthesis pathway and found that the SRPP and CPT gene families have experienced a more obvious expansion in TK1151 compared to TM5. This study will have large-ranging implications for the mechanism of NR biosynthesis and genetic improvement of NR-producing crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huilong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingwei Deng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jinsheng Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hanli You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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4
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Johnson AR, Moghe GD, Frank MH. Growing a glue factory: Open questions in laticifer development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102096. [PMID: 34461600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Latex-containing cells called laticifers are present in at least 41 flowering plant families and are thought to have convergently evolved at least 12 times. These cells are known to function in defense, but little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms of their development. The expansion of laticifers into their distinctive tube shape can occur through two distinct mechanisms, cell fusion and intrusive growth. The mechanism and extent of intrusive laticifer growth are still being investigated. Hormonal regulation by jasmonic acid and ethylene is important for both laticifer differentiation and latex biosynthesis. Current evidence suggests that laticifers can be specified independently of latex production, but extensive latex production requires specified laticifers. Laticifers are an emerging system for studying the intersection of cell identity specification and specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Johnson
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gaurav D Moghe
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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5
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Salomé-Abarca LF, Gođevac D, Kim MS, Hwang GS, Park SC, Jang YP, Van Den Hondel CAMJJ, Verpoorte R, Klinkhamer PGL, Choi YH. Latex Metabolome of Euphorbia Species: Geographical and Inter-Species Variation and its Proposed Role in Plant Defense against Herbivores and Pathogens. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:564-576. [PMID: 33881708 PMCID: PMC8217033 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that the variation of the metabolomes of latex is a response to selective pressure and should thus be affected differently from other organs, their variation could provide an insight into the defensive chemical selection of plants. Metabolic profiling was used to compare tissues of three Euphorbia species collected in diverse regions. The metabolic variation of latexes was much more limited than that of other organs. In all the species, the levels of polyisoprenes and terpenes were found to be much higher in latexes than in leaves and roots of the corresponding plants. Polyisoprenes were observed to physically delay the contact of pathogens with plant tissues and their growth. A secondary barrier composed of terpenes in latex and in particular, 24-methylenecycloartanol, exhibited antifungal activity. These results added to the well-known role of enzymes also present in latexes, show that these are part of a cooperative defense system comprising biochemical and physical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Francisco Salomé-Abarca
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan Gođevac
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cees A M J J Van Den Hondel
- Department Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Li S, Zhu Q, Sun Y, Wang L, Lu J, Nie Q, Ma Y, Jing W. Fabrication of Ag Nanosheet@TiO2 Antibacterial Membranes for Inulin Purification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qianfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiahuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiuhai Nie
- Beijing TKS Rubber Technology Development Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Beijing TKS Rubber Technology Development Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenheng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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