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Gao X, Chen K, Xie W. Research Progress on Taxus Extraction and Formulation Preparation Technologies. Molecules 2024; 29:2291. [PMID: 38792152 PMCID: PMC11124198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Taxus, as a globally prevalent evergreen tree, contains a wealth of bioactive components that play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical field. Taxus extracts, defined as a collection of one or more bioactive compounds extracted from the genus Taxus spp., have become a significant focus of modern cancer treatment research. This review article aims to delve into the scientific background of Taxus extracts and their considerable value in pharmaceutical research. It meticulously sifts through and compares various advanced extraction techniques such as supercritical extraction, ultrasound extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction, high-pressure pulsed electric field extraction, and enzymatic extraction, assessing each technology's advantages and limitations across dimensions such as extraction efficiency, extraction purity, economic cost, operational time, and environmental impact, with comprehensive analysis results presented in table form. In the area of drug formulation design, this paper systematically discusses the development strategies for solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms based on the unique physicochemical properties of Taxus extracts, their intended medical uses, and specific release characteristics, delving deeply into the selection of excipients and the critical technical issues in the drug preparation process. Moreover, the article looks forward to the potential directions of Taxus extracts in future research and medical applications, emphasizing the urgency and importance of continuously optimizing extraction methods and formulation design to enhance treatment efficacy, reduce production costs, and decrease environmental burdens. It provides a comprehensive set of preparation techniques and formulation optimization schemes for researchers in cancer treatment and other medical fields, promoting the application and development of Taxus extracts in pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.G.); (K.C.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.G.); (K.C.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.G.); (K.C.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Borjigin G, Wei F, Jiang S, Li Q, Yang C. Extraction, purification, structural characterization and biological activity of polysaccharides from Fritillaria: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124817. [PMID: 37182621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fritillaria is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) with a history of thousands of years. Fritillaria always contain saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, flavones, and polysaccharides. Among them, Fritillaria polysaccharide has a variety of biological activities. Its anti-inflammatory and antiaging activities are new study hotspots. The extraction, purification, quantitative determination, monosaccharide composition, and biological activity of Fritillaria polysaccharides have been examined for several years in an attempt to identify the active components and understand the pharmacological process. In this review, ample original publications related to the distribution, extraction, purification, quantitative determination, monosaccharide composition and biological activities of Fritillaria until 2023 were searched and collected by using various literature databases. Databases included the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database, Wan Fang database, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science database, as well as the classic Chinese medical books and PhD and MSc theses. The properties and outcomes of various extractions, purifications, quantitative determination methods, monosaccharide compositions, and biological activities of Fritillaria polysaccharides are discussed here. Additionally, we summarize the research potential of Fritillaria polysaccharide and identify promising research direction candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilwa Borjigin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, college of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanshu Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, college of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, college of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, college of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, college of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415619. [PMID: 36555256 PMCID: PMC9779243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active taxanes, present in small- to medium-sized evergreen conifers of various Taxus species, are widely used for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, but mostly for their antitumour effects used in the treatment of solid tumours of the breast, ovary, lung, bladder, prostate, oesophagus and melanoma. More of the substances found in Taxus plant extracts have medical potential. Therefore, at the beginning of this review, we describe the methods of isolation, identification and determination of taxanes in different plant parts. One of the most important taxanes is paclitaxel, for which we summarize the pharmacokinetic parameters of its different formulations. We also describe toxicological risks during clinical therapy such as hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, haematological, skin and renal toxicity and toxicity to the respiratory system. Since the effect of the drug-form PTX is enhanced by various Taxus spp. extracts, we summarize published clinical intoxications and all fatal poisonings for the Taxus baccata plant. This showed that, despite their significant use in anticancer treatment, attention should also be focused on the risk of fatal intoxication due to ingestion of extracts from these plants, which are commonly found in our surroundings.
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Separation, Purification, Structural Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Mucor sp. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072071. [PMID: 35408470 PMCID: PMC9000282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucor sp. has a wide range of applications in the food fermentation industry. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide, labeled MSEPS, was separated from Mucor sp. fermentation broth through ethanol precipitation and was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, as well as gel filtration column chromatography. MSEPS was composed mostly of mannose, galactose, fucose, arabinose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.466:0.169:0.139:0.126:0.015 and had a molecular weight of 7.78 × 104 Da. The analysis of methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance results indicated that MSEPS mainly consisted of a backbone of →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, with substitution at O-3 of →6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ and →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ by terminal α-l-Araf residues. MTT assays showed that MSEPS was nontoxic in normal cells (HK-2 cells) and inhibited the proliferation of carcinoma cells (SGC-7901 cells). Additionally, morphological analysis and flow cytometry experiments indicated that MSEPS promoted SGC-7901 cell death via apoptosis. Therefore, MSEPS from Mucor sp. can be developed as a potential antitumor agent.
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Bhardwaj K, Silva AS, Atanassova M, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Musilek K, Sharma R, Alghuthaymi MA, Dhanjal DS, Nicoletti M, Sharma B, Upadhyay NK, Cruz-Martins N, Bhardwaj P, Kuča K. Conifers Phytochemicals: A Valuable Forest with Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:3005. [PMID: 34070179 PMCID: PMC8158490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conifers have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential in different disorders. Alkaloids, terpenes and polyphenols are the most abundant naturally occurring phytochemicals in these plants. Here, we provide an overview of the phytochemistry and related commercial products obtained from conifers. The pharmacological actions of different phytochemicals present in conifers against bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are also reviewed. Data obtained from experimental and clinical studies performed to date clearly underline that such compounds exert promising antioxidant effects, being able to inhibit cell damage, cancer growth, inflammation and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, an attempt has been made with the intent to highlight the importance of conifer-derived extracts for pharmacological purposes, with the support of relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental data. In short, this review comprehends the information published to date related to conifers' phytochemicals and illustrates their potential role as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11971, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Square Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India;
| | - Navneet Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Prerna Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
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Adnan M, Rasul A, Hussain G, Shah MA, Zahoor MK, Anwar H, Sarfraz I, Riaz A, Manzoor M, Adem Ş, Selamoglu Z. Ginkgetin: A natural biflavone with versatile pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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