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Li C, Li J, Wang YZ. A Review of Gastrodia Elata Bl.: Extraction, Analysis and Application of Functional Food. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-30. [PMID: 39355975 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2397994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Bl. still widely known as a medicinal plant due to its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection etc. Additionally, these medical applications cannot be separated from its antioxidant, anti-aging, regulating cell apoptosis ability, which make it have potential as a functional food as well as it has been eaten for more than 2,000 years in China. At present, although Gastrodia elata Bl. has appeared in a large number of studies, much of the research is based on drugs rather than foods. The review of Gastrodia elata Bl. from the perspective of food is one of the necessary steps to promote related development, by reviewing the literature on analytical methods of Gastrodia elata Bl. in recent years, critical components change in the extraction, analytical methods and improvement of food applications, all of aspects of it was summarized. Based on the report about physical and chemical changes in Gastrodia elata Bl. to discover the pathway of Gastrodia elata Bl. functional food development from current to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenMing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Ma T, Chen P, Dong H, Wang X. Identification of key anti-neuroinflammatory components in Gastrodiae Rhizoma based on spectrum-effect relationships and its mechanism exploration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116266. [PMID: 38879950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodiae Rhizoma was proven to have anti-inflammatory activity based on its main component of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) and gastrodin (GAS). However, the anti-inflammatory activity of other phenols has been less reported. In this study, the n-BuOH extract was selected as the active anti-inflammatory part of Gastrodiae Rhizoma based on the LPS-induced inflammatory BV-2 cells. The spectral-effect relationship analysis of the n-BuOH extract showed the main effective components were GAS, 4-HBA, parishin A (PA), parishin B (PB), and parishin C (PC). Among them, PB could reduce LPS-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), intracellular ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Molecular docking predicted that PB had a good binding capacity to AMPKα and SIRT1 proteins of -12.1 kJ/mol and -7.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The Western Blot results further demonstrated that PB could inhibit NF-κB pathway by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, thus exerting anti-LPS-induced neuroinflammatory effects. This study provides a referable idea for solving the problem of unclear action of TCM with complex compositions and is of great significance for the development of innovative medicines of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytic Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytic Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytic Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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Li S, He X, Zhang X, Kong KW, Xie J, Sun J, Wang Z. Integration of volatile and non-volatile metabolite profile, and in vitro digestion reveals the differences between different preparation methods on physico-chemical and biological properties of Gastrodia elata. Food Chem 2024; 463:141177. [PMID: 39260170 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata) is a traditional medicinal and edible plant whose quality is significantly influenced by post-harvest processing. To obtain an optimal post-harvest processing method for G. elata, this study employed sensory evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and non-targeted metabolomics, in conjunction with an in vitro digestion model, to assess the impact of different processing and drying methods on the quality of G. elata. The findings showed that the steam treatment followed by heat pump drying resulted in the highest levels of total phenols, total flavonoids, and polysaccharides in G. elata, and caused more pronounced damage to its microstructure. This treatment also maintained the highest antioxidant activities and optimal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition capacity throughout in vitro digestion, meanwhile, effectively eliminating the unpleasant odor and achieving the highest sensory scores. Furthermore, non-targeted metabolomic analysis revealed noteworthy alterations in the metabolite profile of G. elata, mainly related to purine metabolism and the biosynthesis of amino acids pathways. This study provides valuable insights into the post-harvest processing of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of In-forest Resource, Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Jiang M, Yan Y, Dong H, Wang X. Genome-wide identification of glycoside hydrolase family 1 members reveals GeBGL1 and GeBGL9 for degrading gastrodin in Gastrodia elata. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:214. [PMID: 39133328 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We revealed the intrinsic transformation molecular mechanism of gastrodin by two β-d-glucosidases (GeBGL1 and GeBGL9) during the processing of Gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata is a plant resource with medicinal and edible functions, and its active ingredient is gastrodin. However, the intrinsic transformation molecular mechanism of gastrodin in G. elata has not been verified. We speculated that β-d-glucosidase (BGL) may be the key enzymes hydrolyzing gastrodin. Here, we identified 11 GeBGL genes in the G. elata genome. These genes were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes. These GeBGL proteins possessed motifs necessary for catalysis, namely, TF(I/M/L)N(T)E(Q)P and I(V/L)T(H/S)ENG(S). These GeBGLs were divided into five subgroups together with homologous genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and maize. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed GeBGL genes expression was tissue-specific. Gene cloning results showed two mutation sites in the GeBGL1 gene compared with the reference genome. And, the GeBGL4 gene has two indel fragments, which resulted in premature termination of translation and seemed to turn into a pseudogene. Furthermore, protein expression and enzyme activity results proved that GeBGL1 and GeBGL9 have the activity of hydrolyzing gastrodin into 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. This study revealed the function of β-d-glucosidase in degrading active compounds during the G. elata processing for medicinal purposes. These results offer a theoretical foundation for elevating the standard and enhancing the quality of G. elata production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of General Technology for Separation of Natural Products, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yaxing Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of General Technology for Separation of Natural Products, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of General Technology for Separation of Natural Products, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Wang Y, Zhao M, Xie C, Li L, Lin L, Li Q, Li L, Chen F, Yang X, Yang J, Gao M. Fermented Gastrodia elata Bl. Alleviates Cognitive Deficits by Regulating Neurotransmitters and Gut Microbiota in D-Gal/AlCl 3-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Mice. Foods 2024; 13:2154. [PMID: 38998659 PMCID: PMC11241452 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological disease with recognition ability loss symptoms and a major contributor to dementia cases worldwide. Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE), a food of medicine-food homology, has been reported to have a mitigating effect on memory and learning ability decline. However, the effect of GE fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum, Acetobacter pasteurianus, and Saccharomyces (FGE) on alleviating cognitive deficits in AD was not studied. Mice were randomly divided into six groups, control, model, donepezil, low, medium, and high doses of FGE, and D-Galactose/Aluminum chloride (D-Gal/AlCl3) was used to establish an AD-like mouse model. The results indicated that FGE could improve the production of neurotransmitters and relieve oxidative stress damage in AD-like mice, which was evidenced by the declined levels of amyloid-β (Aβ), Tau, P-Tau, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased acetylcholine (Ach), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in brain tissue. Notably, FGE could enhance the richness of the gut microbiota, especially for beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospira and Lactobacillus. Non-target metabolomics results indicated that FGE could affect neurotransmitter levels by regulating amino acid metabolic pathways to improve AD symptoms. The FGE possessed an ameliorative effect on AD by regulating neurotransmitters, oxidative stress levels, and gut microbiota and could be considered a good candidate for ameliorating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chunzhi Xie
- College of Food and Biotechnology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China;
| | - Lilang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qiji Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Liangqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Faju Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
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Zhang JB, Wang B, Zhang YF, Wu Y, Li MX, Gao T, Lu TL, Bian ZH, Su LL. E-eye and FT-NIR combined with multivariate algorithms to rapidly evaluate the dynamic changes in the quality of Gastrodia elata during steaming process. Food Chem 2024; 439:138148. [PMID: 38064826 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata (GE) is traditionally subjected to steaming, and steaming duration plays a crucially important role in determining GE quality. This study examined the variations in bioactive components during the steaming process and proposed the utilization of electronic eye and Fourier Transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for quality assessment. The findings revealed that the levels of parishin E parishin B, parishin A, and gastrodin initially rose and subsequently declined, while 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibited a rapid decrease followed by stabilization. With prolonged steaming, the brightness of GE decreased, while the red and yellow tones became more pronounced and the color saturation increased. FT-NIR divided the steaming process into three stages: 0 min (raw GE), 0-9 min (partially steamed GE), and 9-30 min (fully steamed GE), and the partial least squares regression models effectively predicted the levels of five components. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into quality control in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Ba Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ting Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tu-Lin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, China; Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, China.
| | - Lian-Lin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Technology Engineering Research Center of TCM Health Preservation, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Ma R, Cheng H, Li X, Zhang G, Zheng J. Evaluating How Different Drying Techniques Change the Structure and Physicochemical and Flavor Properties of Gastrodia elata. Foods 2024; 13:1210. [PMID: 38672883 PMCID: PMC11049588 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the drying characteristics and structure, as well as the physicochemical and flavor properties, of G. elata treated by hot-air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), freeze drying (FD), microwave drying (MD), and microwave vacuum drying (MVD). We found that MD and MVD showed the shortest drying times, while FD and MVD were able to better retain the active ingredients and color of the samples. However, the different drying methods did not change the internal structure of G. elata, and its main components did not fundamentally change. In addition, E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS effectively differentiated the volatile components, and 36 compounds were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Of these samples, alcohols and aldehydes were the main substances identified. In particular, MVD samples possessed the most species of organic volatiles, but the FD method effectively eliminated pungent odors from the G. elata. Overall, MVD shows the most obvious advantages, improving drying rate while maintaining the original shape, color, and active components in G. elata. Ultimately, MVD is the preferred method to obtain high-quality dried G. elata, and our drying-method characterizations can be used to investigate similar structural and chemical changes to similar herbs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianmei Zheng
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (R.M.); (H.C.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
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Ma J, Zhou X, Xie B, Wang C, Chen J, Zhu Y, Wang H, Ge F, Huang F. Application for Identifying the Origin and Predicting the Physiologically Active Ingredient Contents of Gastrodia elata Blume Using Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning. Foods 2023; 12:4061. [PMID: 38002117 PMCID: PMC10670700 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata (G. elata) Blume is widely used as a health product with significant economic, medicinal, and ecological values. Due to variations in the geographical origin, soil pH, and content of organic matter, the levels of physiologically active ingredient contents in G. elata from different origins may vary. Therefore, rapid methods for predicting the geographical origin and the contents of these ingredients are important for the market. This paper proposes a visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy technology combined with machine learning. A variety of machine learning models were benchmarked against a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) in terms of accuracy. In the origin identification models, the 1D-CNN demonstrated excellent performance, with the F1 score being 1.0000, correctly identifying the 11 origins. In the quantitative models, the 1D-CNN outperformed the other three algorithms. For the prediction set of eight physiologically active ingredients, namely, GA, HA, PE, PB, PC, PA, GA + HA, and total, the RMSEP values were 0.2881, 0.0871, 0.3387, 0.2485, 0.0761, 0.7027, 0.3664, and 1.2965, respectively. The Rp2 values were 0.9278, 0.9321, 0.9433, 0.9094, 0.9454, 0.9282, 0.9173, and 0.9323, respectively. This study demonstrated that the 1D-CNN showed highly accurate non-linear descriptive capability. The proposed combinations of Vis-NIR spectroscopy with 1D-CNN models have significant potential in the quality evaluation of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Ma
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Nansha Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Baiheng Xie
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Bijie Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Jiaze Chen
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanliu Zhu
- Nansha Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fahuan Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Nansha Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 511466, China
| | - Furong Huang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Huang B, Lin Z, Chen Z, Chen J, Shi B, Jia J, Li Y, Pan Y, Liang Y, Cai Z. Strain differences in the drug transport capacity of intestinal glucose transporters in Sprague-Dawley versus Wistar rats, C57BL/6J versus Kunming mice. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123000. [PMID: 37254285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Designing oral drug delivery systems using intestinal glucose transporters (IGTs) may be one of the strategies for improving oral bioavailability of drugs. However, little is known about the biological factors affecting the drug transport capacity of IGTs. Gastrodin is a sedative drug with a structure very similar to glucose. It is a highly water-soluble phenolic glucoside. It can hardly enter the intestine through simple diffusion but exhibits good oral bioavailability of over 80%. We confirmed that gastrodin is absorbed via the intestinal glucose transport pathway. It has the highest oral bioavailability among the reported glycosides' active ingredients through this pathway. Thus, gastrodin is the most selective drug substrate of IGTs and can be used to evaluate the drug transport capacity of IGTs. Obviously, strain is one of the main biological factors affecting drug absorption. This study firstly compared the drug transport capacity of IGTs between SD rats and Wistar rats and between C57 mice and KM mice by pharmacokinetic experiments and single-pass intestinal perfusion experiments of gastrodin. Then, the sodium-dependent glucose transporter type 1 (SGLT1) and sodium-independent glucose transporters type 2 (GLUT2) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of these animals were quantified using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The results showed that the oral bioavailability of gastrodin in Wistar rats was significantly higher than in SD rats and significantly higher in KM mice than in C57 mice. Gastrodin absorption significantly differed among different intestinal segments in SD rats, C57 mice and KM mice, except Wistar rats. RT-qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in SD rats and C57 mice was duodenum ≈ jejunum > ileum > colon. SGLT1 expression did not differ among different intestinal segments in KM mice, whereas the intestinal expression distribution of GLUT2 was duodenum ≈ jejunum ≈ ileum > colon. However, the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 did not differ among different intestinal segments in Wistar rats. It was reported that the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in humans is duodenum > jejunum > ileum > colon. Hence, the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 of SD rats and C57 mice was more similar to that in humans. In conclusion, the drug transport capacity of IGTs differs in different strains of rats and mice. SD rats and C57 mice are more suitable for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of glycosides' active ingredients absorbed via the intestinal glucose transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511500 Qingyuan, China
| | - Zimin Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Birui Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511500 Qingyuan, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511500 Qingyuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqing Pan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Chen YX, Yang H, Wang DS, Yao YT, Chen TT, Tao L, Chen Y, Shen XC. Gastrodin relieves cognitive impairment by regulating autophagy via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vascular dementia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:246-254. [PMID: 37307708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most common type of dementia, is attributed to lower cerebral blood flow. To date, there is still no available clinical treatment for VaD. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin (GAS) is known for its neuroprotective effects, but the role and mechanisms of action on VD remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the neuroprotective role and underlying mechanisms of GAS on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-mediated VaD rats and hypoxia-induced injury of HT22 cells. The study showed that GAS relieved learning and memory deficits, ameliorated hippocampus histological lesions in VaD rats. Additionally, GAS down-regulated LC3II/I, Beclin-1 levels and up-regulated P62 level in VaD rats and hypoxia-injured HT22 cells. Notably, GAS rescued the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins expression, which regulates autophagy. Mechanistic studies verify that YP-740, a PI3K agonist, significantly resulted in inhibition of excessive autophagy and apoptosis with no significant differences were observed in the YP-740 and GAS co-treatment. Meantime, we found that LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, substantially abolished GAS-mediated neuroprotection. These results revealed that the effects of GAS on VaD are related to stimulating PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated autophagy, suggesting a potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550003, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Da-Song Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550003, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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11
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Zhang M, Tan Y, Song Y, Zhu M, Zhang B, Chen C, Liu Y, Shi L, Cui J, Shan W, Jia Z, Feng L, Cao G, Yi W, Sun Y. GLUT4 mediates the protective function of gastrodin against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114324. [PMID: 36958192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata exhibits extensive pharmacological activity; its extract gastrodin (GAS) has been used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we examined the effect of GAS in a mice model of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which was induced using transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Male C57BL/6 J mice underwent either TAC or sham surgery. GAS was administered post-surgically for 6 weeks and significantly improved the deterioration of cardiac contractile function caused by pressure overload, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mice. Treatment with GAS for 6 weeks upregulated myosin heavy chain α and down-regulated myosin heavy chain β and atrial natriuretic peptide, while insulin increased the effects of GAS against cardiac hypertrophy. In vitro studies showed that GAS could also protect phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and these effects were attenuated by BAY-876, and increased by insulin. Taken together, our results suggest that the anti-hypertrophic effect of gastrodin depends on its entry into cardiomyocytes through GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenju Shan
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zipei Jia
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lele Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guojie Cao
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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12
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Xie YK, Li XY, Chen C, Zhang WP, Yu XL, Xiao HW, Lu FY. Effects of Steam and Water Blanching on Drying Characteristics, Water Distribution, Microstructure, and Bioactive Components of Gastrodia Elata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1372. [PMID: 36987061 PMCID: PMC10054799 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, the effects of steam and boiling water blanching on the drying characteristics, water distribution, microstructure, and contents of bioactive substances of Gastrodia elata (G. elata) were explored. Results showed that the degree of steaming and blanching was related to the core temperature of G. elata. The steaming and blanching pretreatment increased the drying time of the samples by more than 50%. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) of treated samples showed that the relaxation time corresponded to water molecule states (bound, immobilized, and free) and G. elata became shorter, which indicated a reduction in free moisture and increased resistance of water diffusion in the solid structure during drying. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides and gelatinization of starch granules was observed in the microstructure of treated samples, which was consistent with changes in water status and drying rates. Steaming and blanching increased gastrodin and crude polysaccharide contents and decreased p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the effect of steaming and blanching on the drying behavior and quality attributes of G. elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kang Xie
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xing-Yi Li
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Wei-Peng Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian-Long Yu
- Agricultural Equipment Intelligent Technology Research and Development Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng-Yin Lu
- Research Center for Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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13
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Cheng L, Wang H, Ma K, Deng Y, Li M, Ma J. A novel alcohol steamed preparation from Gastrodia elata Blume: Pharmacological assessment of a functional food. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092693. [PMID: 37033659 PMCID: PMC10073492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Gastrodia (Orchidaceae; Gastrodia elata Blume), the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), is traditionally used as both a medicinal and functional food, with proven efficacy in treating mental disorders. In traditional processing, GE is washed, steamed with water, dried, and sliced. In this study, a novel processing technology-alcohol steamed GE (AGE) was proposed as an alternative. Totally, 17 compounds were identified in fresh GE and AGE. Compared with fresh GE, the relative content of parishin A and parishin E decreased after alcohol steaming, whereas gastrodin (GAS), p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol (HBA), Parishin B, and Parishin C were increased. Additionally, the pentobarbital-induced sleep mice model and Chronic Restraint Stress (CRS) model were applied to evaluate the pharmacological effects of fresh GE and steamed GE, and both fresh and steamed GE showed an intensive hypnotic and anti-anxiety effect. Furthermore, the anti-anxiety mechanism based on serum metabolic was investigated and the tryptophan metabolic pathway was considered the response to the anti-anxiety effect of GE. Although the optimization of the processing technology of AGE still needs to be further explored, the current results have provided new thoughts for the processing technology and clinical application of GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhao Tong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Gastrodia elata Green Planting and Processing Engineering Research Center, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejian Ma
- Central Laboratory, Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoru Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Ma,
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14
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Ma T, Sun C, Han Y, Guo L, Huang L, Wang X. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals “Spatial-Temporal-Content” Changes of Parishins in Gastrodiae Rhizoma during the Steaming Process. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Ji N, Liu P, Zhang N, Yang S, Zhang M. Comparison on Bioactivities and Characteristics of Polysaccharides From Four Varieties of Gastrodia elata Blume. Front Chem 2022; 10:956724. [PMID: 35936076 PMCID: PMC9353053 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.956724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition, physicochemical properties, in vitro biological activity, and hypoglycemic activity exhibited by polysaccharides from four varieties of G. elata were investigated in this study; the four extracted GaE polysaccharides were termed as GaE-B (G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow polysaccharides), GaE-R (G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides), GaE-Hyb (hybridization of G. elata Bl. f. glauca S. chow and G. elata Bl. f. elata polysaccharides), and GaE-G (G. elata Bl. f. viridis Makino polysaccharides). As revealed by the results, the GaE polysaccharides were found with the same monosaccharide composition, primarily including glucose, whereas the content of each variety was significantly different. In addition, different degrees of differences were found in the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity, molecular weight, yield, and chemical composition exhibited by the abovementioned varieties. However, GaE-B and GaE-Hyb were found with similar physical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. GaE-R had the lowest yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight, whereas it involved higher xylose, binding protein, and polyphenols as well as higher antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. In contrast, GaE-G was found with the highest yield, total sugar content, and molecular weight, whereas it contained the lowest xylose, binding protein, and polyphenols, as well as the weakest antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. In brief, the polysaccharide of G. elata, a plant resource for homology of medicine and food, could more significantly enhance the biological activity of G. elata as it was released in the process of decocting and stewing. To be specific, the assessment of polysaccharide activity alone suggested that GaE-R was the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering(CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Dejiang Lvtong Gastrodia elata Development Co., Ltd., Tongren, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengyan Yang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering(CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingsheng Zhang,
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16
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Gastrodin and Vascular Dementia: Advances and Current Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2563934. [PMID: 35463081 PMCID: PMC9019412 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2563934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used since ancient times to treat diseases such as dizziness, epilepsy, stroke, and memory loss. Gastrodin, one of the active components of Gastrodia elata, has been used in the treatment of migraine, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, dementia, and depression in recent years. It can improve cognitive function and related neuropsychiatric symptoms through various effects and is considered as a promising treatment for dementia. Vascular dementia is a kind of severe cognitive impairment syndrome caused by vascular factors, and it is the dementia syndrome with the largest number of patients besides Alzheimer's disease. Although there is still a lack of evidence-based explorations, the paper reviewed the mechanism and methods of gastrodin in the treatment of vascular dementia, providing a reference for clinical therapy.
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Wu Z, Gao R, Li H, Liao X, Tang X, Wang X, Su Z. How steaming and drying processes affect the active compounds and antioxidant types of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Identification of Constituents and Exploring the Mechanism for Toutongning Capsule in the Treatment of Migraine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5528845. [PMID: 35075364 PMCID: PMC8783712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5528845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toutongning capsule (TTNC) is an effective and safe traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of migraine. In this present study, a multiscale strategy was used to systematically investigate the mechanism of TTNC in treating migraine, which contained UPLC-UESI-Q Exactive Focus network pharmacology and experimental verification. First, 88 compounds were identified by the UPLC-UESI-Q Exactive Focus method for TTNC. Then, the target fishing for these compounds was performed by means of an efficient drug similarity search tool. Third, a series of network pharmacology experiments were performed to predict the key compounds, targets, and pathways. They were protein-protein interaction (PPI), KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and herbs-compounds-targets-pathways (H-C-T-P) network construction. As a result, 18 potential key compounds, 20 potential key targets, and 6 potential signaling pathways were obtained for TTNC in treatment with migraine. Finally, molecular docking and experimental were carried out to verify the key targets. In short, the results showed that TTNC is able to treat migraine through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. This work may provide a theoretical basis for further research on the molecular mechanism of TTNC in the treatment of migraine.
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Wu G, Dong H, Li J, Guo L, Cheng Y, Geng Y, Wang X. Extraction of parishin B and parishin C from Gastrodiae Rhizoma by subcritical water technology. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Hu Q, He Y, Wang F, Wu J, Ci Z, Chen L, Xu R, Yang M, Lin J, Han L, Zhang D. Microwave technology: a novel approach to the transformation of natural metabolites. Chin Med 2021; 16:87. [PMID: 34530887 PMCID: PMC8444431 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave technology is used throughout the world to generate heat using energy from the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is characterized by uniform energy transfer, low energy consumption, and rapid heating which preserves much of the nutritional value in food products. Microwave technology is widely used to process food such as drying, because food and medicinal plants are the same organisms. Microwave technology is also used to process and extract parts of plants for medicinal purposes; however, the special principle of microwave radiation provide energy to reaction for transforming chemical components, creating a variety of compounds through oxidation, hydrolysis, rearrangement, esterification, condensation and other reactions that transform original components into new ones. In this paper, the principles, influencing factors of microwave technology, and the transformation of natural metabolites using microwave technology are reviewed, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of microwave technology in the processing of medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Xinqi Microwave Co., Ltd., Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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21
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Ma J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, An J, Li M, Song N, Zhang J, Cheng L, Ma K. A comparative study on ingredient and efficiency difference between fresh and steamed Gastrodia elata Blume: An herbal material to a novel functional food. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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22
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Xie YK, Li XY, Zhang Y, Zheng ZA, Huang LQ, Liu DH, Xiao HW, Liu YH. Effects of high-humidity hot air impingement steaming on Gastrodia elata: steaming degree, weight loss, texture, drying kinetics, microstructure and active components. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhou X, Xu C, Zhu C, Yuan Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Guo Q, Shi J. Insight into Medicinal Chemistry Behind Traditional Chinese Medicines: p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol-Derived Dimers and Trimers from Gastrodia elata. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:31-50. [PMID: 32761444 PMCID: PMC7933327 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
From an aqueous extract of "tian ma" (the steamed and dried rhizomes of Gastrodia elata), ten new compounds gastrodibenzins A-D (1-4) and gastrotribenzins A-F (5-10), along with known analogues (11-20), having structure features coupling between two and three p-hydroxybenzyl-derived units via carbon- and/or ether-bonds, were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data analysis. Meanwhile, the new compounds 5a, 6a, 8a, 22, and 23, as well as the known derivatives 13a, 14a, 15, 17-21, 24, 25, and p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde were isolated and identified from a refluxed aqueous solution of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Methylation of 5a and 6a in methanol and ethylation of 6a, 8a, 13a, and 14a in ethanol produced 5 and 6 and 7, 8, 13, and 14, respectively. using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRESIMS) analysis of the refluxed solutions of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the refluxed extracts of the fresh G. elata rhizome and "tian ma" extracts indicated consistent production and variation of the dimeric and trimeric derivatives of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol upon extracting solvents and refluxing time. In various assays, the dimeric and trimeric derivatives showed more potent activities than p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol itself and gastrodin, which are the main known active constituents of "tian ma". These results revealed for the first time that the more effective dimers and trimers can be produced through condensation of the co-occurring p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol during processing and decocting of the G. elata rhizomes, demonstrating insights into medicinal chemistry behind application protocols of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Chengbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Chenggen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yuhe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yongchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Qinglan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jiangong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
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