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Evidente A. Advances on anticancer fungal metabolites: sources, chemical and biological activities in the last decade (2012-2023). NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:31. [PMID: 38743184 PMCID: PMC11093966 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Among microorganisms, fungi are the ones that have the most imagination in producing secondary metabolites with the most varied structural differences, which are produced through different biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, they synthesize secondary metabolites classifiable into numerous families of natural compounds such as amino acids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, aromatic compounds, cyclohexene epoxides, furanones, macrolides, naphthoquinones, polyketides, pyrones, terpenes, etc. They also produced metabolites with very complex structures that can not be classified in the known families of natural compounds. Many fungal metabolites show different biological activities with potential applications in agriculture, food chemistry, cosmetics, pharmacology and medicine. This review is focused on the fungal secondary metabolites with anticancer activity isolated in the last ten years. For some metabolites, when described, their biosynthetic origin, the mode of action and the results of structure activity relationships studies are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Evidente
- Institute Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 70125, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
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2
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Siciliano A, Zorrilla JG, Saviano L, Cimmino A, Guida M, Masi M, Meyer S. Insights into the Ecotoxicology of Radicinin and (10 S,11 S)-(-)- epi-Pyriculol, Fungal Metabolites with Potential Application for Buffelgrass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) Biocontrol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:405. [PMID: 37368705 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is an invasive C4 perennial grass species that substantially reduces native plant diversity of the Sonoran Desert through fire promotion and resource competition. Broad-spectrum herbicides are essentially used for its control, but they have a negative environmental and ecological impact. Recently, phytotoxicity on C. ciliaris has been discovered for two metabolites produced in vitro by the phytopathogenic fungi Cochliobolus australiensis and Pyricularia grisea. They were identified as (10S,11S)-(-)-epi-pyriculol and radicinin and resulted in being potential candidates for the development of bioherbicides for buffelgrass biocontrol. They have already shown promising results, but their ecotoxicological profiles and degradability have been poorly investigated. In this study, ecotoxicological tests against representative organisms from aquatic ecosystems (Aliivibrio fischeri bacterium, Raphidocelis subcapitata alga, and Daphnia magna crustacean) revealed relatively low toxicity for these compounds, supporting further studies for their practical application. The stability of these metabolites in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8692:2012 culture medium under different temperatures and light conditions was also evaluated, revealing that 98.90% of radicinin degraded after 3 days in sunlight. Significant degradation percentages (59.51-73.82%) were also obtained at room temperature, 30 °C or under ultraviolet (254 nm) light exposure. On the other hand, (10S,11S)-epi-pyriculol showed more stability under all the aforementioned conditions (49.26-65.32%). The sunlight treatment was also shown to be most effective for the degradation of this metabolite. These results suggest that radicinin could provide rapid degradability when used in agrochemical formulations, whereas (10S,11S)-epi-pyriculol stands as a notably more stable compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Jesús G Zorrilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Saviano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Meyer
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 369 North 100 West Suite 8, Cedar City, UT 84721, USA
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Samperna S, Zanotti C, Scafato P, Boari A, Visconti S, Vurro M, Superchi S, Evidente A, Marra M. (±)-3-Deoxyradicinin Induces Stomata Opening and Chloroplast Oxidative Stress in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108467. [PMID: 37239812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Radicinin is a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione isolated from the culture filtrates of Cochliobolus australiensis, a phytopathogenic fungus of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Radicinin proved to have interesting potential as a natural herbicide. Being interested in elucidating the mechanism of action and considering radicinin is produced in small quantities by C. australiensis, we opted to use (±)-3-deoxyradicinin, a synthetic analogue of radicinin that is available in larger quantities and shows radicinin-like phytotoxic activities. To obtain information about subcellular targets and mechanism(s) of action of the toxin, the study was carried out by using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which, apart from its economic relevance, has become a model plant species for physiological and molecular studies. Results of biochemical assays showed that (±)-3-deoxyradicinin administration to leaves induced chlorosis, ion leakage, hydrogen peroxide production, and membrane lipid peroxidation. Remarkably, the compound determined the uncontrolled opening of stomata, which, in turn, resulted in plant wilting. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts treated with (±)-3-deoxyradicinin ascertained that the toxin targeted chloroplasts, eliciting an overproduction of reactive singlet oxygen species. This oxidative stress status was related by qRT-PCR experiments to the activation of transcription of genes of a chloroplast-specific pathway of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Samperna
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zanotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Angela Boari
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Li N, Lu W, Gu W, Li K, Li J, Lu Y, Zha Z, Wang Z. Construction of spirocyclic oxindole derivatives by copper-catalyzed enantioselective Michael/hemiketalization in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10957-10960. [PMID: 36082792 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric Michael/hemiketalization reaction between isatin-derived β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters and 4-hydroxycoumarins was developed in aqueous media. A series of chiral spirooxindole derivatives with an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in high yields (up to 93%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Weizhi Gu
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Jindong Li
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Yangmian Lu
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Research center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials Science in University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China.
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Mathieu V, Superchi S, Masi M, Scafato P, Kornienko A, Evidente A. In Vitro Effects of Fungal Phytotoxins on Cancer Cell Viability: First Insight into Structure Activity Relationship of a Potent Metabolite of Cochliobolus australiensis Radicinin. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080517. [PMID: 36006179 PMCID: PMC9415302 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have always represented an important source for new drugs. Although fungi represent one such viable source, to date, no fungal metabolite has been marketed as an anticancer drug. Based on our work with phytotoxins as potential chemical scaffolds and our recent findings involving three phytopathogenic fungi, i.e., Cochliobolus australiensis, Kalmusia variispora and Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, herein, we evaluate the in vitro anti-cancer activity of the metabolites of these fungi by MTT assays on three cancer cell models harboring various resistance levels to chemotherapeutic drugs. Radicinin, a phytotoxic dihydropyranopyran-4,5-dione produced by Cochliobolus australiensis, with great potential for the biocontrol of the invasive weed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), showed significant anticancer activity in the micromolar range. Furthermore, a SAR study was carried out using radicinin, some natural analogues and hemisynthetic derivatives prepared by synthetic methods developed as part of work aimed at the potential application of these molecules as bioherbicides. This investigation opens new avenues for the design and synthesis of novel radicinin analogues as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Accès 2, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium
- ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
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6
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Response of reptiles to weed-control and native plant restoration in an arid, grass-invaded landscape. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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7
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Masi M, Santoro E, Clement S, Meyer S, Scafato P, Superchi S, Evidente A. Further secondary metabolites produced by the fungus
Pyricularia grisea
isolated from buffelgrass (
Cenchrus ciliaris
). Chirality 2020; 32:1234-1242. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
| | - Ernesto Santoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Università della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Suzette Clement
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Provo Utah USA
| | - Susan Meyer
- Shrub Sciences Laboratory U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Provo Utah USA
| | - Patrizia Scafato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Università della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Università della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo Naples Italy
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8
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Brandenburg CA, Castro CA, Blacutt AA, Costa EA, Brinton KC, Corral DW, Drozd CL, Roper MC, Rolshausen PE, Maloney KN, Lockner JW. Synthesis of Deoxyradicinin, an Inhibitor of Xylella fastidiosa and Liberibacter crescens, a Culturable Surrogate for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1810-1816. [PMID: 32510948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pierce's disease of grapevine and citrus huanglongbing are caused by the bacterial pathogens Xylella fastidiosa and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), respectively. Both pathogens reside within the plant vascular system, occluding water and nutrient transport, leading to a decrease in productivity and fruit marketability and ultimately death of their hosts. Field observations of apparently healthy plants in disease-affected vineyards and groves led to the hypothesis that natural products from endophytes may inhibit these bacterial pathogens. Previously, we showed that the natural product radicinin from Cochliobolus sp. inhibits X. fastidiosa. Herein we describe a chemical synthesis of deoxyradicinin and establish it as an inhibitor of both X. fastidiosa and Liberibacter crescens, a culturable surrogate for CLas. The key to this three-step route is a zinc-mediated enolate C-acylation, which allows for direct introduction of the propenyl side chain without extraneous redox manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Brandenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Claudia A Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alex A Blacutt
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Kyler C Brinton
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Diana W Corral
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Christopher L Drozd
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - M Caroline Roper
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Katherine N Maloney
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Jonathan W Lockner
- Department of Chemistry, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California 92106, United States
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Dalinova AA, Salimova DR, Berestetskiy AO. Fungi of the Genera Alternaria as Producers of Biological Active Compounds and Mycoherbicides. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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An J, Pedrazzani R, Monari M, Marin-Luna M, Lopez CS, Bandini M. Site-selective synthesis of 1,3-dioxin-3-ones via a gold(i) catalyzed cascade reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7734-7737. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel gold(i)-catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of 4H-1,3-dioxin-3-ones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzeng An
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedrazzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - Carlos Silva Lopez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
- CITACA – Clúster de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria del Campus Auga
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
- CINMPIS
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Dalinova A, Dubovik V, Chisty L, Kochura D, Ivanov A, Smirnov S, Petrova M, Zolotarev A, Evidente A, Berestetskiy A. Stagonolides J and K and Stagochromene A, Two New Natural Substituted Nonenolides and a New Disubstituted Chromene-4,5-dione Isolated from Stagonospora cirsii S-47 Proposed for the Biocontrol of Sonchus arvensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13040-13050. [PMID: 31670962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new natural 10-membered macrolides (1, 2) and one chromene-4,5-dione derivative (3), named stagonolides J and K and stagochromene A, respectively, were isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Stagonospora cirsii S-47, together with two known compounds, stagonolide A (4) and herbarumin I (5). Stagonolides J and K and stagochromene A were characterized as (5E,7R*,8S*,9R*)-7,8-dihydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, (5E,7R,9S)-7-hydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide, and (2R*,3R*)-3-hydroxy-2-propyltetrahydro-2H-chromene-4,5(3H,4aH)-dione, respectively, by spectroscopic (mostly by NMR and ESIMS) data. Compounds 1-5 showed different rates of phytotoxic activity on punctured leaf discs of Sonchus arvensis. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antiprotozoal activity of isolated compounds was also evaluated. Based on our data, stagonolide K and herbarumin I can be proposed as a potential scaffold for the development of a new natural herbicide and estimated as possible selection/quality markers of a bioherbicide based on S. cirsii, while stagonolide A can be considered as a mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dalinova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Dubovik
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
- Higher School of Technology and Energy (HSTE) , Saint Petersburg State University of Technology and Design , Ivana Chernyh st., 4 , Saint-Petersburg 198095 , Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Chisty
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology , Federal Medical Biological Agency , p/o Kuz'molovsky, Kapitolovo, 93 , Saint-Petersburg 188663 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Kochura
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology , Federal Medical Biological Agency , p/o Kuz'molovsky, Kapitolovo, 93 , Saint-Petersburg 188663 , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Smirnov
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russian Federation
| | - Maria Petrova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Zolotarev
- St. Petersburg State University , Universitetsky Av. 26 , St. Petersburg 198504 , Russian Federation
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo , Via. Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Alexander Berestetskiy
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection , Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Podbelskogo st., 3 , Pushkin , Saint-Petersburg 196608 , Russian Federation
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