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Huang Z, Nie Y, Huang Y, Liu L, Liu B. Elucidating the role of monoacetylphlorogulcinol in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas 'gingeri' against Agaricus bisporus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3526-3539. [PMID: 38446123 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus bisporus is a globally important edible fungus. The occurrence of ginger blotch caused by Pseudomonas 'gingeri' during A. bisporus growth and post-harvest stages results in significant economic losses. The biotoxin monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG) produced by P. 'gingeri' is responsible for inducing ginger blotch on A. bisporus. However, the understanding of the toxic mechanisms of MAPG on A. bisporus remains limited, which hinders the precise control of ginger blotch disease in A. bisporus and the breeding of disease-resistant varieties. RESULTS Integrating transcriptomic, metabolomic, and physiological data revealed that MAPG led to an increase in intracellular superoxide anion (O2 -) levels and lipid peroxidation in A. bisporus. MAPG changed the cellular membrane composition of A. bisporus, causing to damage membrane permeability. MAPG inhibited the expression of genes associated with the 19s subunit of the proteasome, thereby impeding cellular waste degradation in A. bisporus. Unlike melanin, MAPG stimulated the synthesis of flavonoids in A. bisporus, which might explain the manifestation of ginger-colored symptoms rather than browning. Meanwhile, the glutathione metabolism pathway in A. bisporus played a pivotal role in counteracting the cytotoxic effects of MAPG. Additionally, enhanced catalase activity and up-regulation of defense-related genes, including cytochrome P450s, Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), and ABC transporters, were observed. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive insights into MAPG toxicity in A. bisporus and uncovers the detoxification strategies of A. bisporus against MAPG. The findings offer valuable evidence for precise control and breeding of resistant varieties against ginger blotch in A. bisporus. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixing Huang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yulu Nie
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, China
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Zorrilla JG, D’Addabbo T, Roscetto E, Varriale C, Catania MR, Zonno MC, Altomare C, Surico G, Nimis PL, Evidente A. Antibiotic and Nematocidal Metabolites from Two Lichen Species Collected on the Island of Lampedusa (Sicily). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158471. [PMID: 35955606 PMCID: PMC9368951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic and nematocidal activities of extracts from two coastal lichen species collected on Lampedusa Island (Sicily), Ramalina implexa Nyl. and Roccella phycopsis Ach., were tested. Methyl orsellinate, orcinol, (+)-montagnetol, and for the first time 4-chlororcinol were isolated from Roccella phycopsis. (+)-Usnic acid was obtained from Ramalina implexa. The crude organic extract of both lichen species showed strong antibiotic activity against some bacterial species and nematocidal activity. Among all the pure metabolites tested against the infective juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloydogine incognita, (+)-usnic acid, orcinol, and (+)-montagnetol had significant nematocidal activity, comparable with that of the commercial nematocide Velum® Prime, and thus they showed potential application in agriculture as a biopesticide. On the contrary, methyl orsellinate and 4-chlororcinol had no nematocidal effect. These results suggest that the substituent pattern at ortho-para-position in respect to both hydroxyl groups of resorcine moiety, which is present in all metabolites, seems very important for nematocidal activity. The organic extracts of both lichens were also tested against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Both extracts were active against Gram-positive species. The extract of Ramalina implexa showed, among Gram-negative species, activity against Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, while that from Roccella phycopsis was effective towards all test strains, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of (+)-usnic acid, methyl orsellinate, and (+)-montagnetol is already known, so tests were focused on orcinol and 4-chlororcinol. The former showed antibacterial activity against all Gram positive and Gram-negative test strains, with the exception of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae, while the latter exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive test strains and among Gram-negative strains, was effective against A. baumannii and K. pneumonia. These results suggest, for orcinol and 4-chlororcinol, an interesting antibiotic potential against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García Zorrilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republic Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Trifone D’Addabbo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Unit of Bari, Via G. Amendola 122/d, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Roscetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.R.); (C.V.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Chiara Varriale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.R.); (C.V.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.R.); (C.V.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Zonno
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.Z.); (C.A.)
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production Sciences, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.C.Z.); (C.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry (DAGRI), Section of Agricultural Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Enthomology, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Pier Luigi Nimis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Volatile Organic Compounds in the Azteca/ Cecropia Ant-Plant Symbiosis and the Role of Black Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100836. [PMID: 34682257 PMCID: PMC8539435 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Black fungi of the order Chaetothyriales are grown by many tropical plant-mutualistic ants as small so-called “patches” in their nests, which are located inside hollow structures provided by the host plant (“domatia”). These fungi are introduced and fostered by the ants, indicating that they are important for the colony. As several species of Chaetothyriales tolerate, adsorb, and metabolize toxic volatiles, we investigated the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of selected domatia in the Azteca/Cecropia ant-plant mutualism. Concentrations of VOCs in ant-inhabited domatia, empty domatia, and background air were compared. In total, 211 compounds belonging to 19 chemical families were identified. Ant-inhabited domatia were dominated by ketones with 2-heptanone, a well-known ant alarm semiochemical, as the most abundant volatile. Empty domatia were characterized by relatively high concentrations of the monoterpenes d-limonene, p-cymene and β-phellandrene, as well as the heterocyclic sulphur-containing compound, benzothiazole. These compounds have biocidal properties and are primarily biosynthesized by plants as a defense mechanism. Interestingly, most of the latter compounds were present at lower concentrations in ant inhabited domatia than in non-colonized ones. We suggest that Chaetothyriales may play a role in reducing the VOCs, underlining that the mutualistic nature of these fungi as VOCs accumulation might be detrimental for the ants, especially the larvae.
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Liang X, Liu Y, Wen K, Jiang W, Li Q. Immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for biocatalytic and biosensing applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7597-7607. [PMID: 34596205 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been accepted as a powerful technique to solve the drawbacks of free enzymes such as limited activity, stability and recyclability under harsh conditions. Different from the conventional immobilization methods, enzyme immobilization in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers was executed in a biomimetic mineralization manner with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, and thus it was beneficial to obtain ideal biocatalysts with superior characteristics. The key factors influencing the formation of enzyme-based inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were elucidated to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanism for achieving unique morphology and improved properties of immobilized enzymes. To date, immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have been successfully applied in biocatalysis for preparing medical intermediates, biodiesel and biomedical polymers, and solving the environmental or food industrial issues such as the degradation of toxic dyes, pollutants and allergenic proteins. Moreover, they could be used in the development of various biosensors, which provide a promising platform to detect toxic substances in the environment or biomarkers associated with various diseases. We hope that this review will promote the fundamental research and wide applications of immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for expanding biocatalysis and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Kai Wen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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