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Wang YC, Zhang WL, Zhang RH, Liu CH, Zhao YL, Yan GY, Liao SG, Li YJ, Zhou M. The Discovery of Indole-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:8020. [PMID: 38138510 PMCID: PMC10745497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important antiviral target, HIV-1 integrase plays a key role in the viral life cycle, and five integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infections so far. However, similar to other clinically used antiviral drugs, resistance-causing mutations have appeared, which have impaired the efficacy of INSTIs. In the current study, to identify novel integrase inhibitors, a set of molecular docking-based virtual screenings were performed, and indole-2-carboxylic acid was developed as a potent INSTI scaffold. Indole-2-carboxylic acid derivative 3 was proved to effectively inhibit the strand transfer of HIV-1 integrase, and binding conformation analysis showed that the indole core and C2 carboxyl group obviously chelated the two Mg2+ ions within the active site of integrase. Further structural optimizations on compound 3 provided the derivative 20a, which markedly increased the integrase inhibitory effect, with an IC50 value of 0.13 μM. Binding mode analysis revealed that the introduction of a long branch on C3 of the indole core improved the interaction with the hydrophobic cavity near the active site of integrase, indicating that indole-2-carboxylic acid is a promising scaffold for the development of integrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.-C.W.); (W.-L.Z.); (R.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (S.-G.L.)
| | - Wen-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.-C.W.); (W.-L.Z.); (R.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (S.-G.L.)
| | - Rong-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.-C.W.); (W.-L.Z.); (R.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.-C.W.); (W.-L.Z.); (R.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (S.-G.L.)
| | - Guo-Yi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453000, China;
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.-C.W.); (W.-L.Z.); (R.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.-C.W.); (W.-L.Z.); (R.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (S.-G.L.)
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2
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Targeting the Integrated Stress Response Kinase GCN2 to Modulate Retroviral Integration. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175423. [PMID: 34500856 PMCID: PMC8434491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple viral targets are now available in the clinic to fight HIV infection. Even if this targeted therapy is highly effective at suppressing viral replication, caregivers are facing growing therapeutic failures in patients due to resistance, with or without treatment-adherence glitches. Accordingly, it is important to better understand how HIV and other retroviruses replicate in order to propose alternative antiviral strategies. Recent studies have shown that multiple cellular factors are implicated during the integration step and, more specifically, that integrase can be regulated through post-translational modifications. We have shown that integrase is phosphorylated by GCN2, a cellular protein kinase of the integrated stress response, leading to a restriction of HIV replication. In addition, we found that this mechanism is conserved among other retroviruses. Accordingly, we developed an in vitro interaction assay, based on the AlphaLISA technology, to monitor the integrase-GCN2 interaction. From an initial library of 133 FDA-approved molecules, we identified nine compounds that either inhibited or stimulated the interaction between GCN2 and HIV integrase. In vitro characterization of these nine hits validated this pilot screen and demonstrated that the GCN2-integrase interaction could be a viable solution for targeting integrase out of its active site.
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Messore A, Corona A, Madia VN, Saccoliti F, Tudino V, De Leo A, Ialongo D, Scipione L, De Vita D, Amendola G, Novellino E, Cosconati S, Métifiot M, Andreola ML, Esposito F, Grandi N, Tramontano E, Costi R, Di Santo R. Quinolinonyl Non-Diketo Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Ribonuclease H and Polymerase Functions of Reverse Transcriptase. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8579-8598. [PMID: 34106711 PMCID: PMC8279492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
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Novel anti-HIV agents
are still needed to overcome resistance issues,
in particular inhibitors acting against novel viral targets. The ribonuclease
H (RNase H) function of the reverse transcriptase (RT) represents
a validated and promising target, and no inhibitor has reached the
clinical pipeline yet. Here, we present rationally designed non-diketo
acid selective RNase H inhibitors (RHIs) based on the quinolinone
scaffold starting from former dual integrase (IN)/RNase H quinolinonyl
diketo acids. Several derivatives were synthesized and tested against
RNase H and viral replication and found active at micromolar concentrations.
Docking studies within the RNase H catalytic site, coupled with site-directed
mutagenesis, and Mg2+ titration experiments demonstrated
that our compounds coordinate the Mg2+ cofactor and interact
with amino acids of the RNase H domain that are highly conserved among
naïve and treatment-experienced patients. In general, the new
inhibitors influenced also the polymerase activity of RT but were
selective against RNase H vs the IN enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Messore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saccoliti
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Leo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ialongo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Scipione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Mathieu Métifiot
- Laboratoire MFP, UMR 5234, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Marie-Line Andreola
- Laboratoire MFP, UMR 5234, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Nicole Grandi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS554-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Mattio LM, Catinella G, Pinto A, Dallavalle S. Natural and nature-inspired stilbenoids as antiviral agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112541. [PMID: 32652408 PMCID: PMC7335248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viruses continue to be a major threat to human health. In the last century, pandemics occurred and resulted in significant mortality and morbidity. Natural products have been largely screened as source of inspiration for new antiviral agents. Within the huge class of plant secondary metabolites, resveratrol-derived stilbenoids present a wide structural diversity and mediate a great number of biological responses relevant for human health. However, whilst the antiviral activity of resveratrol has been extensively studied, little is known about the efficacy of its monomeric and oligomeric derivatives. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the achievements in this field, with particular emphasis on the source, chemical structures and the mechanism of action of resveratrol-derived stilbenoids against the most challenging viruses. The collected results highlight the therapeutic versatility of stilbene-containing compounds and provide a prospective insight into their potential development as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luce M Mattio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Catinella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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