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Xiao Y, Tao W, Shan X, Li D, Tao W, Qian H, Zhao Y, Zhang C. Components analysis of San-Bai decoction, and its pharmacodynamics and mechanism on preventing and treating melasma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118388. [PMID: 38796069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE San-Bai Decoction (SBD) is a classic whitening prescription originally recorded in the 'Introduction to Medicine' of the Ming Dynasty. SBD has been known for invigorating Qi and blood, promoting spleen and stomach, whitening skin, and fading melasma. However, its pharmacodynamic material basis and specific mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to clarify the pharmacodynamic material basis of SBD and its mechanism of removing melasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The positive and negative ion mass spectrum data of SBD extract were collected by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, imported into Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.1 software, matched through the online database, and manually checked. Finally, the in vitro chemical components of SBD were classified. Similarly, the mass spectrum data of SBD in the serum of normal rats and melasma model rats were also analyzed by CD 3.1 software. The in vitro identified Compound file of SBD was imported into the Expected Compounds and the Generate Expected Compounds project was selected. The SBD compounds were then chosen under the Compound Section. All phase I and II reaction types related to SBD components were selected, and the metabolic platform of CD 3.1 software was utilized to process the results and obtain possible metabolites. The metabolites were scored and products with high scores were subsequently screened. According to literature comparison, the final metabolites of SBD in both normal rats and melasma model rats were determined and comprehensively analyzed. The Melasma model rats were constructed through intramuscular injection of progesterone and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation. The preventing and treating effect of SBD on melasma were evaluated by regulating inflammation, epidermal collagen content, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the effect of SBD on the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt)/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway was investigated through Western blot (WB) to explore its underlying mechanism on whitening and removing melasma efficacy. RESULTS Ultimately, 94 components were identified in SBD, including 41 flavonoids, 27 organic acids, and 9 glycosides, 3 terpenoids, 2 amides, 2 aldehydes, 1 phenylpropanoid and 9 other compounds. In the blood of normal rat group, a total of 24 prototype components and 61 metabolites were identified. Similarly, there were19 prototype components and 44 metabolites identified from the blood of melasma model rats. Pharmacodynamic experiment results indicated that SBD effectively reduced the incidence of melasma, prevent the loss of epidermal collagen, and elevate the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease the malondialdehyde content in both liver and skin. Interestingly, the WB results demonstrated that SBD effectively activated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, and down-regulated the expression of melanin-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the components of SBD extracts, and its prototype components and metabolites in the blood of normal rats and melasma model rats were successfully identified by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with CD software. Additionally, the differences of in vivo components of SBD between normal rats and melasma model rats were analyzed. The preventive and therapeutic effect of SBD on melasma was verified in the melasma model rats induced by progesterone and UVB irradiation, and its mechanism was related to activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway and downregulating the expression of melanin-related proteins. These results provide an experimental foundation for further research on the pharmacodynamic substance basis and pharmacodynamic mechanism of SBD, as well as developing new anti-melasma formula with SBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Provincial Department of Education, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Wenkang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Provincial Department of Education, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Provincial Department of Education, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Provincial Department of Education, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Wenwen Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Provincial Department of Education, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Haisheng Qian
- Anhui Med Univ, Anhui Prov Inst Translat Med, Res & Engn Ctr Biomed Mat, Sch Biomed Engn, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Provincial Department of Education, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Pang M, Xu R, Xi R, Yao H, Bao K, Peng R, Zhi H, Zhang K, He R, Su Y, Liu X, Ming D. Molecular understanding of the therapeutic potential of melanin inhibiting natural products. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2226-2253. [PMID: 39026645 PMCID: PMC11253861 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, there is an increasing demand for melanin-inhibiting products that prioritize health, safety, and efficacy. Therefore, the development of natural products that can safely and efficiently inhibit melanin synthesis is of great social significance and has significant market potential. In this paper, by reviewing the literature reported in recent years, we summarized the natural products with inhibition of melanin synthesis effects that have been put into or not yet put into the market, and classified them according to the chemical groups of their compounds or the extraction methods of the natural products. Through the summary analysis, we found that these compounds mainly include terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and so on, while the natural product extracts mainly include methanol extracts, ethanol extracts, and aqueous extracts. Their main inhibition of melanin synthesis mechanisms include: (1) direct inhibition of tyrosinase activity; (2) down-regulation of the α-MSH-MC1R, Wnt, NO, PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways through the expression of MITF and its downstream genes TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2; (3) antioxidant; (4) inhibition of melanocyte growth through cytotoxicity; (5) inhibition of melanosome production and transport. This paper provides an in-depth discussion on the research progress of whitening natural products and their market value. The aim is to offer guidance for future research and development of natural skin whitening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Pang
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Ruitian Xu
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Rongjiao Xi
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Hong Yao
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Kechen Bao
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Rui Peng
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Runnan He
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital 154 Anshan Street, Heping District 300052 Tianjin China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Dong Ming
- Medical School, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin China +(86) 13562488561
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices 300072 Tianjin China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration 300072 Tianjin China
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Liu M, Sui C, Wang B, Huang R, Zhang W, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Liu Y. Effects of short-term exposure to Pomacea canaliculata secretions on Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Propsilocerus akamusi: A study based on behavior, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant system. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11591. [PMID: 38932957 PMCID: PMC11199190 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomacea canaliculata is one of the most notorious invasive aquatic snail, capable of influencing various aquatic organisms through their secretions. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Propsilocerus akamusi are the most prevalent and powerful bioturbators in aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanism of P. canaliculata's secretions affecting bioturbators remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of P. canaliculata's secretion on L. hoffmeisteri and P. akamusi. L. hoffmeisteri and P. akamusi were treated for 24 h with P. canaliculata and the native species Bellamya aeruginosa secretions at different densities (1 or 20). The migration numbers and aggregation rate of L. hoffmeisteri indicated that P. canaliculata secretion caused L. hoffmeisteri to become alert and migrate away from the nucleus community, resulting in poor population identification, especially at high concentrations. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation, intestinal microbial diversity, and composition of the two bioturbators were analyzed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were elevated following P. canaliculata secretion treatment, indicating oxidative damage. Furthermore, the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota of L. hoffmeisteri and P. akamusi were changed. The abundance of functional microbiota decreased, and pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas became dominant in the intestines of both bioturbators. The current research evaluates the effects of P. canaliculata secretion on the behavior, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbial composition and diversity of two bioturbators, providing new insights into the assessment of post-invaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Liu
- School of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalianChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
| | - Changrun Sui
- School of Life ScienceLiaoning Normal UniversityDalianChina
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
| | - Baolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
- College of Marine Science and EnvironmentDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ruipin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
- College of Marine Science and EnvironmentDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
- College of Marine Science and EnvironmentDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
- College of Marine Science and EnvironmentDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
- College of Marine Science and EnvironmentDalian Ocean UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of EducationDalianChina
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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He M, Yasin K, Yu S, Li J, Xia L. Total Flavonoids in Artemisia absinthium L. and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16348. [PMID: 38003540 PMCID: PMC10671751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the shortcomings of traditional extraction methods, such as long extraction time and low efficiency, and considering the low content and high complexity of total flavonoids in Artemisia absinthium L., in this experiment, we adopted ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis to improve the yield of total flavonoids, and combined this with molecular docking and network pharmacology to predict its core constituent targets, so as to evaluate its antitumor activity. The content of total flavonoids in Artemisia absinthium L. reached 3.80 ± 0.13%, and the main components included Astragalin, Cynaroside, Ononin, Rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, Diosmetin, Isorhamnetin, and Luteolin. Cynaroside and Astragalin exert their cervical cancer inhibitory functions by regulating several signaling proteins (e.g., EGFR, STAT3, CCND1, IGFIR, ESR1). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the anticancer activity of both compounds was associated with the ErbB signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway. MTT results showed that total flavonoids of Artemisia absinthium L. and its active components (Cynaroside and Astragalin) significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 of 396.0 ± 54.2 μg/mL and 449.0 ± 54.8 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, its active components can mediate apoptosis by inducing the accumulation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (M.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.)
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Guo Z, Luo Z, Wu S, Yang C, Xiao T, Zhao Y. Optimization of Extraction and Separation Process of Notoginsenoside Fc from Panax notoginseng Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093915. [PMID: 37175326 PMCID: PMC10179949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Notoginsenoside Fc (Fc) from panax notoginseng leaves. The experiment utilized a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and separation conditions were optimized. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time = 1.5 h, ethanol concentration = 86%, liquid-to-solid ratio = 19:1. The experimentally obtained values were in accordance with the values predicted by the RSM model. We determined that the RSM model was able to successfully simulate the optimal extraction of Fc from the leaves. Further, Fc was enriched from Panax notoginseng through nine macroporous resins, and HPD-100 macroporous resins were selected for preliminary enrichment of Fc due to its economic costs and benefits. Subsequently, octadecyl silane (ODS) column chromatography was used to improve the purity of Fc to over 90% after separation by ODS column chromatography. Fc with a purity greater than 95% can be obtained by recrystallization. This is the first study that has focused on the extraction and enrichment of Fc from Panax notoginseng leaves using macroporous resin combined with ODS column chromatography, which provides the possibility for further application of Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhonghua Luo
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shao Wu
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinese Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, a Flavonoid Compound, Promotes Melanogenesis through the Upregulation of MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054780. [PMID: 36902210 PMCID: PMC10003212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid compound produced by various plants with reported antiprotozoal potential against E. histolytica and G. lamblia; however, its effects on skin pigment regulation have not been studied in detail. In this investigation, we discovered that quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-E-caffeoyl)-D-glucopyranoside (coded as CC7) demonstrated a more increased melanogenesis effect in B16 cells. CC7 exhibited no cytotoxicity or effective stimulating melanin content or intracellular tyrosinase activity. This melanogenic-promoting effect was accompanied by activated expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key melanogenic regulatory factor, melanogenic enzymes, and tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and 2 (TRP-2) in the CC7-treated cells. Mechanistically, we found that CC7 exerted melanogenic effects by upregulating the phosphorylation of stress-regulated protein kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the CC7 upregulation of phosphor-protein kinase B (Akt) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) increased the content of β-catenin in the cell cytoplasm, and subsequently, it translocated into the nucleus, resulting in melanogenesis. Specific inhibitors of P38, JNK, and Akt validated that CC7 promotes melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by regulating the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our results support that the CC7 regulation of melanogenesis involves MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Zhang P, Song Y, Wang H, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Pavlovna KI. Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Salix babylonica L. Buds, and the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Extract. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175695. [PMID: 36080462 PMCID: PMC9457869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical extraction, chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the total flavonoids in Willow Buds (TFW). We investigated the optimal extraction of TFW using response surface methodology (RSM). Chemical compounds were analyzed using Q-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity, hydroxy radical inhibitory ability, and superoxide anion radical inhibitory ability were explored to determine the antioxidant properties of flavonoid extractions. The antibacterial effect was assessed via minimal inhibitory concentration. The results demonstrated that the optimal extraction conditions were an ethanol concentration of 50%, a time of 35 min, and a liquid/material ratio of 70:1 mL/g. Under these conditions, the yield of TFW was 7.57%. Eight flavonoids, a phenolic glycoside, and an alkaloid were enriched in the Willow Buds. The TFW exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 0.18-0.24 mg/mL and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. TFW may be explored as potential and natural compounds in food and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, China
- Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Ussuriisk 692510, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (K.I.P.); Tel.: +86-56618010 (P.Z.); +7-89089743297 (K.I.P.)
| | - Yuwen Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, China
- Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Ussuriisk 692510, Russia
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, China
- Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Ussuriisk 692510, Russia
| | - Korotkova Irina Pavlovna
- Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Ussuriisk 692510, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (K.I.P.); Tel.: +86-56618010 (P.Z.); +7-89089743297 (K.I.P.)
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Wang Z, Xue Y, Zeng Q, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Shen C, Zhu H, Jiang C, Liu L, Liu Q. Glycyrrhiza acid-Licochalcone A complexes for enhanced bioavailability and anti-melanogenic effect of Licochalcone A: cellular uptake and in vitro experiments. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lu J, Huang Z, Liu Y, Wang H, Qiu M, Qu Y, Yuan W. The Optimization of Extraction Process, Antioxidant, Whitening and Antibacterial Effects of Fengdan Peony Flavonoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020506. [PMID: 35056821 PMCID: PMC8780704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have important biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and whitening, which is a potential functional food raw material. However, the biological activity of Fengdan peony flavonoid is not particularly clear. Therefore, in this study, the peony flavonoid was extracted from Fengdan peony seed meal, and the antioxidant, antibacterial and whitening activities of the peony flavonoid were explored. The optimal extraction conditions were methanol concentration of 90%, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:35 g:mL, temperature of 55 °C and time of 80 min; under these conditions, the yield of Fengdan peony flavonoid could reach 1.205 ± 0.019% (the ratio of the dry mass of rutin to the dry mass of peony seed meal). The clearance of Fengdan peony total flavonoids to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, hydroxyl radical and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical could reach 75%, 70% and 97%, respectively. Fengdan peony flavonoid could inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Fengdan peony flavonoid on S. aureus, B. anthracis, B. subtilis and C. perfringens were 0.0293 mg/mL, 0.1172 mg/mL, 0.2344 mg/mL and 7.500 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibition rate of Fengdan peony flavonoid on tyrosinase was 8.53-81.08%. This study intensely illustrated that the antioxidant, whitening and antibacterial activity of Fengdan peony total flavonoids were significant. Fengdan peony total flavonoids have a great possibility of being used as functional food materials.
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WANG B, AN X, QU L, WANG F. Review on oral plant extracts in Skin Whitening. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.83922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo WANG
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., China
| | - Xiaohong AN
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., China
| | - Liping QU
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., China; Botaneen Research Institute, China
| | - Feifei WANG
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-pharmaceutical Co., China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., China; Botaneen Research Institute, China
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11
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Liu HM, Xu PF, Cheng MY, Lei SN, Liu QL, Wang W. Optimization of Fermentation Process of Pomegranate Peel and Schisandra Chinensis and the Biological Activities of Fermentation Broth: Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effect Against H 2O 2-induced Oxidative Damage in HaCaT Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113432. [PMID: 34198860 PMCID: PMC8201020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the lactobacillus fermentation process of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (PP&SC) was optimized by using the response surface method (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design. The optimum fermentation condition with the maximal yield of ellagic acid (99.49 ± 0.47 mg/g) was as follows: 1:1 (w:w) ratio of pomegranate peel to Schisandra chinensis, 1% (v:v) of strains with a 1:1 (v:v) ratio of Lactobacillus Plantarum to Streptococcus Thermophilus, a 37 °C fermentation temperature, 33 h of fermentation time, 1:20 (g:mL) of a solid–liquid ratio and 3 g/100 mL of a glucose dosage. Under these conditions, the achieved fermentation broth (FB) showed stronger free radical scavenging abilities than the water extract (WE) against the ABTS+, DPPH, OH− and O2− radicals. The cytotoxicity and the protective effect of FB on the intracellular ROS level in HaCaT cells were further detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The results showed that FB had no significant cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells when its content was no more than 8 mg/mL. The FB with a concentration of 8 mg/mL had a good protective effect against oxidative damage, which can effectively reduce the ROS level to 125.94% ± 13.46% (p < 0.001) compared with 294.49% ± 11.54% of the control group in H2O2-damaged HaCaT cells. The outstanding antioxidant ability and protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HaCaT cells promote the potential for the FB of PP&SC as a functional raw material of cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Ming-Yan Cheng
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Sheng-Nan Lei
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Qing-Lei Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.-M.L.); (P.-F.X.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-N.L.); (Q.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201418, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18918830550
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12
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Chen H, Zhou H, Tao R, Li W, Wang CZ. Simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes using matrix solid-phase dispersion via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4281-4288. [PMID: 32991034 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient matrix solid-phase dispersion via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was developed to analyze the following flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes: fisetin, fustin, butein, sulfuretin, garbanzol, and quercetin. The optimum conditions for the procedure was the use of Zeolite Socony Mobil-twenty-two molecular sieves as the adsorbent, sample:adsorbent ratio of 2:5, grinding for 3 min, and use of 8 mL of 70% methanol:water as the elution solvent. The method was validated for linearity, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity for all six flavonoids. The intra- and interday precisions over a range of concentrations were below 3.0% and limits of quantification for the six flavonoids were 0.16 and 0.50 μg/mL. Compared with other published methods, the proposed method was more effective, rapid, and required less reagents. Therefore, the combination of matrix solid-phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector showed excellent reproducibility and simplicity and could be suitable for the extraction and quantification of multiple flavonoids in R. verniciflua Stokes samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongXia Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - WenJun Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing, P.R. China
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