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Guida M, Tammaro C, Quaranta M, Salvucci B, Biava M, Poce G, Consalvi S. Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:725. [PMID: 38931847 PMCID: PMC11206623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) report, an estimated 10.6 million people were diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in 2022, and 1.30 million died. A major concern is the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, fueled by the length of anti-TB treatment and HIV comorbidity. Innovative anti-TB agents acting with new modes of action are the only solution to counteract the spread of resistant infections. To escape starvation and survive inside macrophages, Mtb has evolved to become independent of the host by synthesizing its own amino acids. Therefore, targeting amino acid biosynthesis could subvert the ability of the mycobacterium to evade the host immune system, providing innovative avenues for drug discovery. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the most recent progress in the discovery of amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors. Among the hits discovered over the past five years, tryptophan (Trp) inhibitors stand out as the most advanced and have significantly contributed to demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for future TB drug discovery. Future efforts should be directed at prioritizing the chemical optimization of these hits to enrich the TB drug pipeline with high-quality leads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (C.T.); (M.Q.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Sara Consalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (C.T.); (M.Q.); (B.S.); (M.B.)
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2
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Pierson E, De Pol F, Fillet M, Wouters J. A morpheein equilibrium regulates catalysis in phosphoserine phosphatase SerB2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1024. [PMID: 37817000 PMCID: PMC10564941 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphoserine phosphatase MtSerB2 is of interest as a new antituberculosis target due to its essential metabolic role in L-serine biosynthesis and effector functions in infected cells. Previous works indicated that MtSerB2 is regulated through an oligomeric transition induced by L-Ser that could serve as a basis for the design of selective allosteric inhibitors. However, the mechanism underlying this transition remains highly elusive due to the lack of experimental structural data. Here we describe a structural, biophysical, and enzymological characterisation of MtSerB2 oligomerisation in the presence and absence of L-Ser. We show that MtSerB2 coexists in dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric forms of different activity levels interconverting through a conformationally flexible monomeric state, which is not observed in two near-identical mycobacterial orthologs. This morpheein behaviour exhibited by MtSerB2 lays the foundation for future allosteric drug discovery and provides a starting point to the understanding of its peculiar multifunctional moonlighting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pierson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Florian De Pol
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège (ULiège), 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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3
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Targeting the phosphoserine phosphatase MtSerB2 for tuberculosis drug discovery, an hybrid knowledge based /fragment based approach. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Breine A, Van Gysel M, Elsocht M, Whiteway C, Philippe C, Quinet T, Valcek A, Wouters J, Ballet S, Van der Henst C. Antimicrobial Activity of a Repurposed Harmine-Derived Compound on Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:789672. [PMID: 35141168 PMCID: PMC8819726 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.789672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an important threat for human health. Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria impose such a major issue, as multidrug- to pandrug-resistant strains have been isolated, rendering some infections untreatable. In this context, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteria were ranked as top priority by both WHO and CDC. In addition, A. baumannii bacteria survive in harsh environments, being capable of resisting to disinfectants and to persist prolonged periods of desiccation. Due to the high degree of variability found in A. baumannii isolates, the search for new antibacterials is very challenging because of the requirement of drug target conservation amongst the different strains. Here, we screened a chemical library to identify compounds active against several reference strains and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteria. Methods A repurposing drug screen was undertaken to identify A. baumannii growth inhibitors. One hit was further characterized by determining the IC50 and testing the activity on 43 modern clinical A. baumannii isolates, amongst which 40 are carbapenem-resistant. Results The repurposing screen led to the identification of a harmine-derived compound, called HDC1, which proves to have bactericidal activity on the multidrug-resistant AB5075-VUB reference strain with an IC50 of 48.23 µM. In addition, HDC1 impairs growth of 43 clinical A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions We identified a compound with inhibitory activity on all tested strains, including carbapenem-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Breine
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VIB-VUB) Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mégane Van Gysel
- Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Mathias Elsocht
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clémence Whiteway
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VIB-VUB) Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Philippe
- Research Unit in the Biology of Microorganisms (URBM), NARILIS, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Théo Quinet
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology, URBE, University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
- Molecular Biology and Evolution, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adam Valcek
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VIB-VUB) Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Van der Henst
- Microbial Resistance and Drug Discovery, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VIB-VUB) Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Charles Van der Henst,
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Phosphoproteomics of Mycobacterium-host interaction and inspirations for novel measures against tuberculosis. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110238. [PMID: 34986388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a tremendous global public health concern. Deciphering the biology of the pathogen and its interaction with host can inspire new measures against tuberculosis. Phosphorylation plays versatile and important role in the pathogen and host physiology, such as virulence, signaling and immune response. Proteome-wide phosphorylation of Mtb and its infected host cells, namely phosphoproteome, can inform the post-translational modification of the interaction network between the pathogen and the host, key targets for novel antibiotics. We summarized the phosphoproteome of Mtb, as well as the host, focusing on potential application for new measures against tuberculosis.
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Mitra S, Prova SR, Sultana SA, Das R, Nainu F, Emran TB, Tareq AM, Uddin MS, Alqahtani AM, Dhama K, Simal-Gandara J. Therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids in respiratory diseases: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153649. [PMID: 34325978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole alkaloids are very promising for potential therapeutic purposes and appear to be particularly effective against respiratory diseases. Several experimental studies have been performed, both in vivo and in vitro, to evaluate the effectiveness of indole alkaloids for the management of respiratory disorders, including asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. PURPOSE The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the in-depth therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids against various respiratory disorders. STUDY DESIGN In addition to describing the therapeutic potential, this review also evaluates the toxicity of these alkaloids, which have been utilized for therapeutic benefits but have demonstrated toxic consequences. Some indole alkaloids, including scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine, which are derived from the plant Alstonia scholaris, have shown toxic effects in non-rodent models. METHODS This review also discusses clinical studies exploring the therapeutic efficacy of indole alkaloids, which have confirmed the promising benefits observed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The indole alkaloidal compounds have shown efficacy in subjects with respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION The available data established both preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential of indole alkaloids to treat the respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shajuthi Rahman Prova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sifat Ara Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Tewari U, Sharma D, Srivastava S, Kumar BK, Faheem, Murugesan S. Anti‐Tubercular Insights of Carbolines – A Decade Critique. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Tewari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Shrey Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus Pilani 333031 Rajasthan India
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Yelamanchi SD, Surolia A. Targeting amino acid metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for developing inhibitors to curtail its survival. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:643-658. [PMID: 33624925 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to remain one of the most devastating infectious diseases afflicting humans. Although there are several drugs for treating tuberculosis available currently, the emergence of the drug resistant forms of this pathogen has made its treatment and eradication a challenging task. While the replication machinery, protein synthesis and cell wall biogenesis of Mtb have been targeted often for anti-tubercular drug development a number of essential metabolic pathways crucial to its survival have received relatively less attention. In this context a number of amino acid biosynthesis pathways have recently been shown to be essential for the survival and pathogenesis of Mtb. Many of these pathways and or their key enzymes homologs are absent in humans hence they could be harnessed for anti-tubercular drug development. In this review, we describe comprehensively the amino acid metabolic pathways essential in Mtb and the key enzymes involved therein that are being investigated for developing inhibitors that compromise the survival and pathogenesis caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Pharmacological effects of harmine and its derivatives: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1259-1275. [PMID: 33206346 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Harmine is isolated from the seeds of the medicinal plant, Peganum harmala L., and has been used for thousands of years in the Middle East and China. Harmine has many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and antitumor activities. Moreover, harmine exhibits insecticidal, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. Harmine derivatives exhibit pharmacological effects similar to those of harmine, but with better antitumor activity and low neurotoxicity. Many studies have been conducted on the pharmacological activities of harmine and harmine derivatives. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms of harmine. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of harmine derivatives has been summarized.
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Pierson E, Wouters J. Biochemical characterization of phosphoserine phosphatase SerB2 from Mycobacterium marinum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:739-744. [PMID: 32782143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SerB2 is an essential phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) that has been shown to be involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) immune evasion mechanisms, and a drug target for the development of new antitubercular agents. A highly similar (91.0%) orthologous enzyme exists in the surrogate organism Mycobacterium marinum (Mma) and could have acquired similar properties. By homology modeling, we show that the two PSPs are expected to exhibit almost identical architectures. MmaSerB2 folds into a homodimer formed by two intertwined subunits including two ACT regulatory domains followed by a catalytic core typical of HAD (haloacid dehalogenase) phosphatases. Their in vitro catalytic properties are closely related as MmaSerB2 also depends on Mg2+ for the dephosphorylation of its substrate, O-phospho-l-serine (PS), and is most active at neutral pH and temperatures around 40 °C. Moreover, an enzyme kinetics study revealed that the enzyme is inhibited by PS as well, but at lower concentrations than MtbSerB2. Substrate inhibition could occur through the binding of PS in the second active site and/or at the ACT domains interface. Finally, previously described beta-carboline MtbSerB2 inhibitors also decrease the phosphatase activity of MmaSerB2. Altogether, these results provide useful information when M.marinum is used as a model to study immune evasion in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pierson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Johan Wouters
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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