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Varfaj I, Labikova M, Sardella R, Hettegger H, Lindner W, Kohout M, Carotti A. A journey in unraveling the enantiorecognition mechanism of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-amino acids with two Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral stationary phases: The power of molecular dynamic simulations. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1314:342791. [PMID: 38876520 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in computer hardware and software capabilities have paved the way for advances in molecular modelling techniques and methods, leading to an unprecedented expansion of their potential applications. In contrast to the docking technique, which usually identifies the most stable selector-selectand (SO-SA) complex for each enantiomer, the molecular dynamics (MD) technique enables the consideration of a distribution of the SO-SA complexes based on their energy profile. This approach provides a more truthful representation of the processes occurring within the column. However, benchmark procedures and focused guidelines for computational treatment of enantioselectivity at the molecular level are still missing. RESULTS Twenty-eight molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the enantiorecognition mechanisms of seven N-3,5-dinitrobenzoylated α- and β-amino acids (DNB-AAs), occurring with the two quinine- and quinidine-based (QN-AX and QD-AX) chiral stationary phases (CSPs), under polar-ionic conditions. The MD protocol was optimized in terms of box size, simulation run time, and frame recording frequency. Subsequently, all the trajectories were analyzed by calculating both the type and amount of the interactions engaged by the selectands (SAs) with the two chiral selectors (SOs), as well as the conformational and interaction energy profiles of the formed SA-SO associates. All the MDs were in strict agreement with the experimental enantiomeric elution order and allowed to establish (i) that salt-bridge and H-bond interactions play a pivotal role in the enantiorecognition mechanisms, and (ii) that the π-cation and π-π interactions are the discriminant chemical features between the two SOs in ruling the chiral recognition mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this work clearly demonstrate the high contribution given by MD simulations in the comprehension of the enantiorecognition mechanism with Cinchona alkaloid-based CSPs. However, from this research endeavor it clearly emerged that the MD protocol optimization is crucial for the quality of the produced results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Labikova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hubert Hettegger
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cellulose High-Tech Materials, BOKU University, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Gambacorta N, Özdemir Z, Doğan İS, Ciriaco F, Zenni YN, Karakurt A, Saraç S, Nicolotti O. Integrated experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the enantioseparation of chiral anticonvulsant and antifungal compounds. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pérez-Baeza M, Martín-Biosca Y, Escuder-Gilabert L, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Artificial neural networks to model the enantioresolution of structurally unrelated neutral and basic compounds with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase and aqueous-acetonitrile mobile phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1672:463048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cao S, Xie C, Ma Q, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang Z. Enantioselective separation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase in HPLC with a focus on enantiomeric quality control in six pharmaceutical formulations containing racemic mixtures or single stereoisomers. Chirality 2021; 33:938-950. [PMID: 34651345 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an accurate, rapid, and simple chiral HPLC-UV method with amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) as stationary phase was developed and applied for enantiomeric determination of six nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the commercial pharmaceutical formulations, including (R,S)-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen, (R,S)-ketoprofen, S-ketoprofen, S-naproxen, and (R,S)-loxoprofen sodium. Experiments on the influence of mobile phase composition, proportion of organic modifier, percentage of acid additives, and column temperature on enantioseparation were conducted to obtain the best separation condition. It was indicated that one mobile phase simply composed of acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid, v/v) at the proportion of 50:50 (v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min at 22°C could simultaneously provide the excellent enantiomeric resolutions for all selected NSAIDs, which made the enantioseparation process more applicable and operable. The newly developed method was then applied for determination of NSAID enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations containing racemic mixtures or single stereoisomers. Calibration curve of each enantiomer at the concentration of 5.0-100 ug/ml showed good linearity with the correlation coefficient above 0.9996. Satisfactory recovery (96.54-101.54%), good intra-day precision (RSD 0.52-1.46%), and inter-day precision (RSD 0.13-1.09%) were also obtained. The newly developed method was then applied for determination of NSAID enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations containing racemic mixtures or single stereoisomers. Quantitative results of the commercial capsules and tablets demonstrated that the difference between the declared and measured values did not exceed 1.52%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chunting Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Rebizi MN, Sekkoum K, Petri A, Pescitelli G, Belboukhari N. Synthesis, enantioseparation, and absolute configuration assignment of iminoflavans by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography combined with online chiroptical detection. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3551-3561. [PMID: 34351068 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Four racemic iminoflavan derivatives were synthesized by simple condensation at C-4 position of flavanone. All new compounds were characterized by using ultraviolet-visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. A chiral chromatographic analysis of racemic mixtures was performed by direct chiral high-performance liquid chromatography using Chiralcel® OD-H as chiral stationary phase, and online-coupled with electronic circular dichroism detector. The correlation of experimental electronic circular dichroism traces with quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations run with time-dependent density functional theory made it possible to elucidate the absolute configuration for each enantiomer, and to establish the elution order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nadjib Rebizi
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Antonella Petri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nasser Belboukhari
- Bioactive Molecules and Chiral Separation Laboratory, University Tahri Mohamed of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
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Bui CV, Rosenau T, Hettegger H. Polysaccharide- and β-Cyclodextrin-Based Chiral Selectors for Enantiomer Resolution: Recent Developments and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144322. [PMID: 34299597 PMCID: PMC8307936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and their derivatives, particularly of amylose, cellulose, chitosan, and β-cyclodextrin, are well-known chiral selectors (CSs) of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in chromatography, because they can separate a wide range of enantiomers. Typically, such CSPs are prepared by physically coating, or chemically immobilizing the polysaccharide and β-cyclodextrin derivatives onto inert silica gel carriers as chromatographic support. Over the past few years, new chiral selectors have been introduced, and progressive methods to prepare CSPs have been exploited. Also, chiral recognition mechanisms, which play a crucial role in the investigation of chiral separations, have been better elucidated. Further insights into the broad functional performance of commercially available chiral column materials and/or the respective newly developed chiral phase materials on enantiomeric separation (ES) have been gained. This review summarizes the recent developments in CSs, CSP preparation, chiral recognition mechanisms, and enantiomeric separation methods, based on polysaccharides and β-cyclodextrins as CSs, with a focus on the years 2019-2020 of this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Viet Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln, A-3430 Vienna, Austria; (C.V.B.); (T.R.)
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology—The University of Danang, Danang City 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln, A-3430 Vienna, Austria; (C.V.B.); (T.R.)
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Hubert Hettegger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln, A-3430 Vienna, Austria; (C.V.B.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Comparative modelling study on enantioresolution of structurally unrelated compounds with amylose-based chiral stationary phases in reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry conditions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Liu S, Yu H, Zhang X, Cai Y. Reversed‐phase ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction and ion chromatography analysis of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations in environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2743-2749. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ya‐qi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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