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Muñoz-Sánchez S, Barrios-Gumiel A, de la Mata FJ, García-Gallego S. Fine-Tuning the Amphiphilic Properties of Carbosilane Dendritic Networks towards High-Swelling Thermogels. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:495. [PMID: 38675156 PMCID: PMC11054174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic hydrogels based on carbosilane crosslinkers are promising drug delivery systems, as their amphiphilic nature improves the compatibility with poorly water-soluble drugs. In this work, we explored the impact of the complementary polymer on the amphiphilic properties of the dendritic network. Different polymers were selected as precursors, from the highly lipophilic propylene glycol (PPG) to the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG), including amphiphilic Pluronics L31, L35 and L61. The dithiol polymers reacted with carbosilane crosslinkers through UV-initiated thiol-ene coupling (TEC), and the resultant materials were classified as non-swelling networks (for PPG, PLUL31 and PLUL61) and high-swelling hydrogels (for PEG and PLUL35). The hydrogels exhibited thermo-responsive properties, shrinking at higher temperatures, and exhibited an intriguing drug release pattern due to internal nanostructuring. Furthermore, we fine-tuned the dendritic crosslinker, including hydroxyl and azide pendant groups in the focal point, generating functional networks that can be modified through degradable (ester) and non-degradable (triazol) bonds. Overall, this work highlighted the crucial role of the amphiphilic balance in the design of dendritic hydrogels with thermo-responsive behavior and confirmed their potential as functional networks for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muñoz-Sánchez
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), 28805 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (A.B.-G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
| | - Andrea Barrios-Gumiel
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), 28805 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (A.B.-G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), 28805 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (A.B.-G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Gallego
- University of Alcala, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), 28805 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (A.B.-G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Cano J, Sánchez‐Nieves J, Ortega P, Gallego SG. Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1871. [PMID: 36417901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez‐Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra García Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Bątal M, Arkhipova V, Knauer N, Sánchez-Nieves J, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Apartsin E, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Triazine–Carbosilane Dendrimersomes Enhance Cellular Uptake and Phototoxic Activity of Rose Bengal in Basal Cell Skin Carcinoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1139-1154. [PMID: 35321027 PMCID: PMC8935628 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s352349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search for new formulations for photodynamic therapy is intended to improve the outcome of skin cancer treatment using significantly reduced doses of photosensitizer, thereby avoiding side effects. The incorporation of photosensitizers into nanoassemblies is a versatile way to increase the efficiency and specificity of drug delivery into target cells. Herein, we report the loading of rose bengal into vesicle-like constructs of amphiphilic triazine-carbosilane dendrons (dendrimersomes) as well as biophysical and in vitro characterization of this novel nanosystem. Methods Using established protocol and analytical and spectroscopy techniques we were able to synthesized dendrons with strictly designed properties. Engaging biophysical methods (hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential measurements, analysis of spectral properties, transmission electron microscopy) we confirmed assembling of our nanosystem. A set of in vitro techniques was used for determination ROS generation, (ABDA and H2DCFDA probes), cell viability (MTT assay) and cellular uptake (flow cytometry and confocal microscopy). Results Encapsulation of rose bengal inside dendrimersomes enhances cellular uptake, intracellular ROS production and concequently, the phototoxicity of this photosensitizer. Conclusion Triazine-carbosilane dendrimersomes show high capacity as drug carriers for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mateusz Bątal
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
| | - Valeria Arkhipova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Knauer
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, UAH-IQAR, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Fco Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, UAH-IQAR, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, UAH-IQAR, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Evgeny Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
- Correspondence: Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz, Department of General Biophysics, Pomorska 141/143, Łódź, 90-236, Poland, Tel +48 42 635 44 29, Fax +48 42 635 4474, Email
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Li Y, Cui J, Li C, Zhou H, Chang J, Aras O, An F. 19 F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100701. [PMID: 34951121 PMCID: PMC9432482 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) is a promising imaging technique for cancer diagnosis because of its excellent soft tissue resolution and deep tissue penetration, as well as the inherent high natural abundance, almost no endogenous interference, quantitative analysis, and wide chemical shift range of the 19 F nucleus. In recent years, scientists have synthesized various 19 F MRI contrast agents. By further integrating a wide variety of nanomaterials and cutting-edge construction strategies, magnetically equivalent 19 F atoms are super-loaded and maintain satisfactory relaxation efficiency to obtain high-intensity 19 F MRI signals. In this review, the nuclear magnetic resonance principle underlying 19 F MRI is first described. Then, the construction and performance of various fluorinated contrast agents are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects regarding the clinical translation of 19 F MRI nanoprobes are considered. This review will provide strategic guidance and panoramic expectations for designing new cancer theranostic regimens and realizing their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlong Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Feifei An
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Amphiphilic Triazine-Phosphorus Metallodendrons Possessing Anti-Cancer Stem Cell Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020393. [PMID: 35214126 PMCID: PMC8880151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic molecules bearing metal complexes in their structure (metallodendrimers and metallodendrons) are considered prospective therapeutic entities. In particular, metallodendrons raise interest as antitumor agents for the treatment of poorly curable or drug-resistant tumors. Herein, we have synthesized amphiphilic triazine-phosphorus dendrons bearing multiple copper (II) or gold (III) complexes on the periphery and a branched hydrophobic fragment at the focal point. Due to their amphiphilic nature, metallodendrons formed single micelles (mean diameter ~9 nm) or multi-micellar aggregates (mean diameter ~60 nm) in a water solution. We have tested the antitumor activity of amphiphilic metallodendrons towards glioblastoma, a malignant brain tumor with a notoriously high level of therapy resistance, as a model disease. The metallodendrons exhibit higher cytotoxic activity towards glioblastoma stem cells (BTSC233, JHH520, NCH644, and SF188 cell lines) and U87 glioblastoma cells (IC50 was 3–6 µM for copper-containing dendron and 11–15 µM for gold-containing dendron) in comparison with temozolomide (IC50 >100 µM)—the clinical standard of care for glioblastoma. Our findings show the potential of metallodendron-based nanoformulations as antitumor entities.
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Apartsin E, Caminade AM. Supramolecular Self-Associations of Amphiphilic Dendrons and Their Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:17976-17998. [PMID: 34713506 PMCID: PMC9298340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review presents precisely defined amphiphilic dendrons, their self‐association properties, and their different uses. Dendrons, also named dendritic wedges, are composed of a core having two different types of functions, of which one type is used for growing or grafting branched arms, generally multiplied by 2 at each layer by using 1→2 branching motifs. A large diversity of structures has been already synthesized. In practically all cases, their synthesis is based on the synthesis of known dendrimers, such as poly(aryl ether), poly(amidoamine) (in particular PAMAM), poly(amide) (in particular poly(L‐lysine)), 1→3 branching motifs (instead of 1→2), poly(alkyl ether) (poly(glycerol) and poly(ethylene glycol)), poly(ester), and those containing main group elements (poly(carbosilane) and poly(phosphorhydrazone)). In most cases, the hydrophilic functions are on the surface of the dendrons, whereas one or two hydrophobic tails are linked to the core. Depending on the structure of the dendrons, and on the experimental conditions used, the amphiphilic dendrons can self‐associate at the air‐water interface, or form micelles (eventually tubular, but most generally spherical), or form vesicles. These associated dendrons are suitable for the encapsulation of low‐molecular or macromolecular bioactive entities to be delivered in cells. This review is organized depending on the nature of the internal structure of the amphiphilic dendrons (aryl ether, amidoamine, amide, quaternary carbon atom, alkyl ether, ester, main group element). The properties issued from their self‐associations are described all along the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Apartsin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
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pH-Sensitive Dendrimersomes of Hybrid Triazine-Carbosilane Dendritic Amphiphiles-Smart Vehicles for Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101899. [PMID: 32977594 PMCID: PMC7598245 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular constructions of amphiphilic dendritic molecules are promising vehicles for anti-cancer drug delivery due to the flexibility of their architecture, high drug loading capacity and avoiding off-target effects of a drug. Herein, we report a new class of amphiphilic dendritic species—triazine-carbosilane dendrons readily self-assembling into pH-sensitive dendrimersomes. The dendrimersomes efficiently encapsulate anticancer drugs doxorubicin and methotrexate. Chemodrug-loaded dendrimersomes have dose-related cytotoxic activity against leukaemia cell lines 1301 and K562. Our findings suggest that triazine-carbosilane dendrimersomes are prospective drug carriers for anti-cancer therapy.
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