Playing with Structural Parameters: Synthesis and Characterization of Two New Maltol-Based Ligands with Binding and Antineoplastic Properties

Role of the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway in aluminum-induced PC12 cells necroptosis

Epidemiological studies from diverse global regions suggest a correlation between the accumulation of aluminum in the brain and the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, of which, neuronal cells death happen. Our previous research has found the potential of aluminum to induce neuronal cell death. A comprehensive exploration of the regulatory pathways influenced by aluminum in neuronal cell death could contribute to the development of strategies aimed at preventing the detrimental impact of aluminum on neuronal cells. This study is dedicated to exploring the impact of aluminum on mitochondrial homeostasis through the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway, with a specific focus on its potential role in necroptosis. We observed that the inhibition of RIP3 function and the reduction in PGAM5 protein expression both mitigate aluminum-induced necroptosis in PC12 cells and enhance mitochondrial function. However, the inhibition of PGAM5 protein expression does not exert an impact on the expression of RIP3 and MLKL proteins. In summary, our study posits that aluminum can induce necroptosis in PC12 cells through the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway.

A Tetranuclear Copper(II)/Calcium(II) Complex as Dual Chemosensor for Colorimetric and Fluorescent Detection of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

The tetranuclear Cu²⁺ /Ca²⁺ /Ca2⁺ /Cu²⁺ complex based on Malten ligand has been investigated as a platform for anion binding. Simple organic carboxylates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been tested, revealing the ability of the platform to bind them. The receiving platform hosts at least two guests in solution although a third anion can be bound, as suggested by X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of the anions is accompanied by a color change of the solution, making the system a colorimetric sensor for carboxylates (LOD values comprised between 3.6 and 20.7 ppm). A fluorescent system consisting of the 2-(3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate (fluorescein anion) linked to the tetranuclear platform has been also prepared and used in a chemosensing ensemble approach to signal the presence of the selected anions (Log K between 2.6 and 5.6 for the addition of two guests). The latter also works in a paper strip test, offering the chemosensor a possible practical application.

Glucosamine and maltol anchored Zinc(II) complex of COVID-19 health supplement relevance: DFT collaborated spectroscopic formulation with profound biological implications

In association with other antiviral drugs, Zinc is specially administered to the patients suffering from novel coronavirus infectious disease (nCOVID). Zn, maltol, and glucosamine are famous food and drug additives. The supplements made from them are helpful in minimizing malnutrition problems, and in enhancing immune power. Due to the well-pronounced effects of all these three components in the food and medicinal industry, a novel sugar Zn(II) complex of the general composition, [Zn(gls)(mal)], where Hmal is maltol and Hgls is referred to as glucosamine, was synthesized and formulated. The physicochemical methods that were used to establish the molecular structure include elemental analysis, 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis., thermal and mass spectrometry. Physical properties like decomposition temperature and molar conductance were also examined. The experimental results at each step of characterization were validated/compared with density functionalized spectroscopic/spectrometric data using the LANL2DZ basis set for the metal atom and 6–31 g(d,p) for other atoms under the B3LYP functional. From the study, a suitable square planar geometry is suggested for the complex. Among biological implications, superoxide dismutation (SOD) and antimicrobial actions were studied. Also, virtual screening using SWISS ADME and Autodock 4.0 program (against 6X2B, SARS-CoV-2 u1S2q 2 RBD Up Spike Protein Trimer) were evaluated for the complex. Good interactions were scored by glucosamine and the complex. The results obtained from antimicrobial sensitivity indicate low inhibition zones, but from the SOD data, the complex has shown satisfactory antioxidant behavior. Therefore, the proposed food supplement could act as a good antioxidant agent and could keep the flora of the intestinal tract less disturbed while going through a metabolic pathway.

Bis-maltol-polyamine family: structural modifications at strategic positions. Synthesis, coordination and antineoplastic activity of two new ligands

Substitution at the maltol C6 position affects the antineoplastic and coordination properties of Malten, acting on degradation time, binding ability and biological activity.

Hetero-Tetranuclear Cu2+ /Ca2+ /Ca2+ /Cu2+ Architectures Based On Malten Ligand: Scaffold for Anion Binding

The hetero-tetranuclear Cu²⁺ /Ca²⁺ /Ca²⁺ /Cu²⁺ complex obtained with the N,N'-bis((3-hydroxy-4-pyron-2-yl)methyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylendiamine (Malten) ligand has been studied in solid and solution states as scaffold to bind anions. Three crystal structures showing the same metal ions sequence have been examined; they display a tetracharged complex cation neutralized by four monocharged anions. The anions play two different roles: as coordinated (two ClO₄ ^- , Cl^- or NO₃ ^- ) or ancillary (two ClO₄ ^- ) guests. The tetranuclear scaffold hosts two anions also in aqueous and ethanol solutions. Spectrophotometric studies in ethanol allowed to determine the addition constant values for Cl^- and Br^- (Log K_1-2 =4.43(4), 4.39(3) for Cl^- , 3.80(3), 3.54(2) for Br^- ) while the others, although bound, showed lower affinity for the scaffold. Both the crystals and the solutions change their color depending on the added anion, namely pink, dark green or blue in the presence of ClO₄ ^- , Cl^- or NO₃ ^- , respectively, thus the presence of the different anions is visible to the naked eye. The hetero-tetranuclear Cu²⁺ /Ca²⁺ /Ca²⁺ /Cu²⁺ complex is a versatile architecture to be used as scaffold for anion binding.