Direct Dehydrative Glycosylation Catalyzed by Diphenylammonium Triflate

Iodine-triphenylphosphine triggers an easy one-pot alpha stereoselective dehydrative glycosylation on hemiacetalic benzylated glycosyl donors

The discovery of new glycosylation reactions is still a major challenge in carbohydrate chemistry. Traditional glycosylation reactions require the preparation of sugar donors with anomeric active or latent leaving groups. Dehydrative glycosylation is a fascinating alternative that enables the direct formation of the glycosidic bond from the hemiacetal, eliminating the need for (sometimes unstable) leaving groups, and allowing to reduce reaction, work-up, and purification times. Although some interesting methods of dehydrative glycosylation have been reported, in order to compete with conventional chemical glycosylation, a greater number of efficient and stereoselective methods need to be developed. Herein, a dehydrative procedure that uses a combination of iodine, triphenylphosphine, and a base (DMAP or imidazole) is described. This methodology allows for the preparation of sugar derivatives from commercially available 1-hydroxy glycosyl donors. The reaction takes place under mild conditions through the in situ-formation of an anomeric iodide intermediate, which, upon reaction with an alcohol, gives the corresponding glycosides up to quantitative yields and with high α-stereoselectivity.