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Arshad U, Shafiq N, Parveen S, Rashid M. Discovery of novel dihydro-pyrimidine hybrids: insight into the design, synthesis, biological evaluation and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies. Future Med Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39263831 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2389767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: By keeping in aspects, the pharmacological potential of heterocyclic compounds, pyrimidine-based compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for α-amylase inhibitory potential.Materials & methods: Five new series 1a-l, 2a-d, 3a-d, 4a-d and 5a-d of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroprimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives were designed by de novo method by taking Alogliptin as reference compound. Here in we describe synthesis and characterization of compounds as potential α-amylase inhibitor.Results: Structure activity relationship (SAR), in vitro analysis and molecular modelling approaches generate compounds 1 h, 1i, 1k and 4c as potential lead with good α-amylase inhibitory selection. However, compound 1k failed the criteria of optimization as drug lead by ADME studies while all other compounds showed optimum range for all in silico ADME parameters.Conclusion: Therefore, these compounds can serve as potential lead candidate in developing anti-diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Arshad
- Synthetic & Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic & Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Synthetic & Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Rashid
- Synthetic & Natural Products Discovery (SNPD) Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Hou S, Li T, Yan J, Cai D, Peng Y, Zhang H, Tong F, Fan H, Liu X, Hu C. Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 7 H-thiazolo[3,2- b]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one derivatives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24589. [PMID: 38314288 PMCID: PMC10837509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the observed biological activity of 1,2,4-triazin-5-one derivatives and their cyclic analogues, a novel series of 7H-thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one derivatives that contain ester moiety compounds 3a-3g, carboxylic acid moiety compounds 4a-4g and piperazine amide moiety compounds 5a-5k at position-3 of the thiazolotriazinone scaffold were synthesized. The intermolecular cyclization occurred regioselectively at N2-position of 1,2,4-triazine ring was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The in vitro biological activities of the target compounds were assayed against some bacterial strains. Compared with ciprofloxacin, compounds 3g and 4g exhibited more excellent antibacterial activity, especially the activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, showing that the fluorine at the para position of the benzyl group would be the best choice. In addition, compounds 4e-4g with carboxylic acid moiety can enhance the antibacterial activity. Compounds 5g-5k containing bulky 1-(substituted phenyl)piperazine moiety were found with slightly less biological activity. Similar to ciprofloxacin, the docking result of target compounds with DNA topoisomerase II indicates the carboxyl group of the target compounds with carboxylic acid moiety has a crucial salt bridge interaction with Mg2+ in the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Beijing Chengji Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Beijing, 101301, China
| | - Tai Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiangqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical College, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Tong
- Beijing Chengji Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Beijing, 101301, China
| | - Haiming Fan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Thakur S, Mehra R. Computational Insight into Substrate-Induced Conformational Changes in Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Protein J 2023; 42:533-546. [PMID: 37402109 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has killed millions worldwide. Antibiotic resistance leads to the ineffectiveness of the current therapies. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) class of proteins involved in protein synthesis are promising bacterial targets for developing new therapies. Here, we carried out a systematic comparative study on the aaRS sequences from M.tb and human. We listed important M.tb aaRS that could be explored as potential M.tb targets alongside the detailed conformational space analysis of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) in apo- and substrate-bound form, which is among the proposed targets. Understanding the conformational dynamics is central to the mechanistic understanding of MetRS, as the substrate binding leads to the conformational changes causing the reaction to proceed. We performed the most complete simulation study of M.tb MetRS for 6 microseconds (2 systems × 3 runs × 1 microsecond) in the apo and substrate-bound states. Interestingly, we observed differential features, showing comparatively large dynamics for the holo simulations, whereas the apo structures became slightly compact with reduced solvent exposed area. In contrast, the ligand size decreased significantly in holo structures possibly to relax ligand conformation. Our findings correlate with experimental studies, thus validating our protocol. Adenosine monophosphate moiety of the substrate exhibited quite higher fluctuations than the methionine. His21 and Lys54 were found to be the important residues forming prominent hydrogen bond and salt-bridge interactions with the ligand. The ligand-protein affinity decreased during simulations as computed by MMGBSA analysis over the last 500 ns trajectories, which indicates the conformational changes upon ligand binding. These differential features could be further explored for designing new M.tb inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Rukmankesh Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India.
- Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India.
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Synthesis, Structure and Stereochemistry of Dispirocompounds Based on Imidazothiazolotriazine and Pyrrolidineoxindole. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213820. [PMID: 36430300 PMCID: PMC9699425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of two types of isomeric dispirocompounds based on imidazothiazolotriazine and pyrrolidineoxindole, differing in the structure of imidazothiazolotriazine fragment, namely, linear dispiro[imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazine-6,3'-pyrrolidine- 4',3″-indolines] and angular dispiro[imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazine-7,3'-pyrrolidine-4',3″-indolines] were proposed. The first method relies on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from paraformaldehyde and N-alkylglycine derivatives to the corresponding oxindolylidene derivatives of imidazothiazolotriazine. The cycloaddition leads to a mixture of two diastereomers resulted from anti- and syn-approaches of azomethine ylide in approximately a 1:1 ratio, which were separated by column chromatography. Another method consists in rearrangement of linear dispiro[imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazine-6,3'-pyrrolidine-4',3″-indolines] into hitherto unavailable angular dispiro[imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c]-[1,2,4]triazine-7,3'-pyrrolidine-4',3″-indolines] upon treatment with KOH. It was found that the anti-diastereomer of linear type underwent rearrangement into the isomeric angular syn-diastereomer, while the rearrangement of the linear syn-diastereomer gave the angular anti-diastereomer.
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A regioselective synthesis of imidazothiazolotriazines based on the cyclization of imidazotriazinethiones with phenacyl bromides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Izmest'ev AN, Vinogradov DB, Kolotyrkina NG, Kravchenko AN, Gazieva GA. Synthesis of functionalized imidazo[4,5- e]thiazolo[3,2- b]triazines by condensation of imidazo[4,5- e]triazinethiones with DMAD or DEAD and rearrangement to imidazo[4,5- e]thiazolo[2,3- c]triazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1141-1148. [PMID: 34093880 PMCID: PMC8144912 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of functionalized imidazothiazolotriazine derivatives were synthesized via the condensation of imidazo[4,5-e]-1,2,4-triazine-3-thiones with acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl and diethyl esters (DMAD and DEAD) and subsequent base-catalyzed rearrangement of the obtained imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazines into regioisomeric imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c]-1,2,4-triazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei N Izmest'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), 4 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Vinogradov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya G Kolotyrkina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Angelina N Kravchenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A Gazieva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Soni JP, Joshi SV, Chemitikanti KS, Shankaraiah N. The Riveting Chemistry of Poly‐
aza
‐heterocycles Employing Microwave Technique: A Decade Review. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Krishna Sowjanya Chemitikanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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Bouz G, Zitko J. Inhibitors of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as antimycobacterial compounds: An up-to-date review. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104806. [PMID: 33799176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are crucial for the correct assembly of amino acids to cognate tRNA to maintain the fidelity of proteosynthesis. AaRSs have become a hot target in antimicrobial research. Three aaRS inhibitors are already in clinical practice; antibacterial mupirocin inhibits the synthetic site of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, antifungal tavaborole inhibits the editing site of leucyl-tRNA synthetase, and antiprotozoal halofuginone inhibits proline-tRNA synthetase. According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis globally remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is alarming and urges the search for new antimycobacterial compounds, preferably with yet unexploited mechanism of action. In this literature review, we have covered the up-to-date state in the field of inhibitors of mycobacterial aaRSs. The most studied aaRS in mycobacteria is LeuRS with at least four structural types of inhibitors, followed by TyrRS and AspRS. Inhibitors of MetRS, LysRS, and PheRS were addressed in a single significant study each. In many cases, the enzyme inhibition activity translated into micromolar or submicromolar inhibition of growth of mycobacteria. The most promising aaRS inhibitor as an antimycobacterial compound is GSK656 (compound 8), the only aaRS inhibitor in clinical trials (Phase IIa) for systemic use against tuberculosis. GSK656 is orally available and shares the oxaborole tRNA-trapping mechanism of action with antifungal tavaborole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University
| | - Jan Zitko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University.
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