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Malek R, Sałat K, Totoson P, Karcz T, Refouvelet B, Skrzypczak-Wiercioch A, Maj M, Simakov A, Martin H, Siwek A, Szałaj N, Godyń J, Panek D, Więckowska A, Jozwiak K, Demougeot C, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Chabchoub F, Iriepa I, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. Discovery of New Highly Potent Histamine H 3 Receptor Antagonists, Calcium Channel Blockers, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3363-3383. [PMID: 39208251 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, one of the most promising strategies to tackle the complex challenges posed by Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the development of novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). To this end, we designed and synthesized nine new MTDLs using a straightforward and cost-efficient one-pot Biginelli three-component reaction. Among these newly developed compounds, one particular small molecule, named 3e has emerged as a promising MTDL. This compound effectively targets critical biological factors associated with AD, including the simultaneous inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs), selective antagonism of H3 receptors, and blocking voltage-gated calcium channels. Additionally, compound 3e exhibited remarkable neuroprotective activity against H2O2 and Aβ1-40, and effectively restored cognitive function in AD mice treated with scopolamine in the novel object recognition task, confirming that this compound could provide a novel and innovative therapeutic approach for the effective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Malek
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry: Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P 802, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Perle Totoson
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Anna Skrzypczak-Wiercioch
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 24/28 Mickiewicz St., Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Alexey Simakov
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Helene Martin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Natalia Szałaj
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Celine Demougeot
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR 1098 RIGHT, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Fakher Chabchoub
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry: Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P 802, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain, Grupo DISCOBAC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM)
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
- CIBER, ISCIII, Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Bernard PJ, Bellili D, Ismaili L. Calcium channel blockers' contribution to overcoming Current drug discovery challenges in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:21-32. [PMID: 37800853 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2266994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible, and multifactorial brain disorder that gradually and insidiously destroys individual's memory, thinking, and other cognitive abilities. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors examine the complex and multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease and believe that the best approach to develop new drugs is the MTDL strategy, which obviously faces several challenges. These challenges include identifying the key combination of targets and their suitability for coordinated actions, as well as developing an acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile to deliver a drug candidate. EXPERT OPINION Since calcium plays a crucial role in the pathology of AD, a polypharmacological approach with calcium channel blockers reinforced by activities targeting other factors involved in AD is a serious option in our opinion. This is exemplified by a phase III clinical trial using a drug combination approach with Losartan, Amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker), and Atorvastatin, as well as several MTDL-based calcium channel blockade approaches with a promising in vitro and in vivo profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bernard
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
| | - Djamila Bellili
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
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Zaręba P, Łątka K, Mazur G, Gryzło B, Pasieka A, Godyń J, Panek D, Skrzypczak-Wiercioch A, Höfner GC, Latacz G, Maj M, Espargaró A, Sabaté R, Jóźwiak K, Wanner KT, Sałat K, Malawska B, Kulig K, Bajda M. Discovery of novel multifunctional ligands targeting GABA transporters, butyrylcholinesterase, β-secretase, and amyloid β aggregation as potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115832. [PMID: 37837674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health problem in the medical sector that will increase over time. The limited treatment of AD leads to the search for a new clinical candidate. Considering the multifactorial nature of AD, a strategy targeting number of regulatory proteins involved in the development of the disease is an effective approach. Here, we present a discovery of new multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), purposely designed as GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitors, that successfully provide the inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase (BACE1), amyloid β aggregation and calcium channel blockade activity. The selected GAT inhibitors, 19c and 22a - N-benzylamide derivatives of 4-aminobutyric acid, displayed the most prominent multifunctional profile. Compound 19c (mGAT1 IC50 = 10 μM, mGAT4 IC50 = 12 μM and BuChE IC50 = 559 nM) possessed the highest hBACE1 and Aβ40 aggregation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.57 μM and 99 % at 10 μM, respectively). Additionally, it showed a decrease in both the elongation and nucleation constants of the amyloid aggregation process. In contrast compound 22a represented the highest activity and a mixed-type of eqBuChE inhibition (IC50 = 173 nM) with hBACE1 (IC50 = 9.42 μM), Aβ aggregation (79 % at 10 μM) and mGATs (mGAT1 IC50 = 30 μM, mGAT4 IC50 = 25 μM) inhibitory activity. Performed molecular docking studies described the mode of interactions with GATs and enzymatic targets. In ADMET in vitro studies both compounds showed acceptable metabolic stability and low neurotoxicity. Successfully, compounds 19c and 22a at the dose of 30 mg/kg possessed statistically significant antiamnesic properties in a mouse model of amnesia caused by scopolamine and assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task or the passive avoidance (PA) task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zaręba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Łątka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mazur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Gryzło
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Skrzypczak-Wiercioch
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicz 24/28 St., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg C Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr., 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodzki 4a St., 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodzki 4a St., 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr., 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulig
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Dakhlaoui I, Bernard PJ, Pietrzak D, Simakov A, Maj M, Refouvelet B, Béduneau A, Cornu R, Jozwiak K, Chabchoub F, Iriepa I, Martin H, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. Exploring the Potential of Sulfonamide-Dihydropyridine Hybrids as Multitargeted Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119742. [PMID: 37298693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has a heavy social and economic impact on all societies and for which there is still no cure. Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) seem to be a promising therapeutic strategy for finding an effective treatment for this disease. For this purpose, new MTDLs were designed and synthesized in three steps by simple and cost-efficient procedures targeting calcium channel blockade, cholinesterase inhibition, and antioxidant activity. The biological and physicochemical results collected in this study allowed us the identification two sulfonamide-dihydropyridine hybrids showing simultaneous cholinesterase inhibition, calcium channel blockade, antioxidant capacity and Nrf2-ARE activating effect, that deserve to be further investigated for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Dakhlaoui
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P 802, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Paul J Bernard
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Diana Pietrzak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alexey Simakov
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Fakher Chabchoub
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B. P 802, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Helene Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines: Isosteres of Nifedipine and Evaluation of Their Calcium Channel Blocking Efficiency. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020784. [PMID: 36677842 PMCID: PMC9867414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and cardiovascular diseases related to it remain the leading medical challenges globally. Several drugs have been synthesized and commercialized to manage hypertension. Some of these drugs have a dihydropyrimidine skeleton structure, act as efficient calcium channel blockers, and affect the calcium ions' intake in vascular smooth muscle, hence managing hypertension. The synthesis of such moieties is crucial, and documenting their structure-activity relationship, their evolved and advanced synthetic procedures, and future opportunities in this area is currently a priority. Tremendous efforts have been made after the discovery of the Biginelli condensation reaction in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidines. From the specific selection of Biginelli adducts to the variation in the formed intermediates to achieve target compounds containing heterocylic rings, aldehydes, a variety of ketones, halogens, and many other desired functionalities, extensive studies have been carried out. Several substitutions at the C3, C4, and C5 positions of dihydropyrimidines have been explored, aiming to produce feasible derivatives with acceptable yields as well as antihypertensive activity. The current review aims to cover this requirement in detail.
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Malek R, Simakov A, Davis A, Maj M, Bernard PJ, Wnorowski A, Martin H, Marco-Contelles J, Chabchoub F, Dallemagne P, Rochais C, Jozwiak K, Ismaili L. Biginelli Reaction Synthesis of Novel Multitarget-Directed Ligands with Ca 2+ Channel Blocking Ability, Cholinesterase Inhibition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Nrf2 Activation. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010071. [PMID: 36615267 PMCID: PMC9822022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel multitarget-directed ligands BIGI 4a-d and BIGI 5a-d were designed and synthesized with a simple and cost-efficient procedure via a one-pot three-component Biginelli reaction targeting acetyl-/butyrylcholinesterases inhibition, calcium channel antagonism, and antioxidant ability. Among these multitarget-directed ligands, BIGI 4b, BIGI 4d, and BIGI 5b were identified as promising new hit compounds showing in vitro balanced activities toward the recognized AD targets. In addition, these compounds showed suitable physicochemical properties and a good druglikeness score predicted by Data Warrior software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Malek
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, University Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry: Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Alexey Simakov
- PEPITE EA4267, University Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Audrey Davis
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Normandie University, Unicaen, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paul J. Bernard
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, University Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Helene Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, University Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fakher Chabchoub
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry: Heterocycles, Lipids and Polymers, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Normandie University, Unicaen, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Christophe Rochais
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Normandie University, Unicaen, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Laboratoire LINC UR 481, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, University Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence:
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Multicomponent reactions as a privileged tool for multitarget-directed ligand strategies in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1583-1606. [PMID: 36263996 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among neurodegenerative pathologies affecting the older population, Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia and leads to neurocognitive and behavioral disorders. It is a complex and progressive age-related multifactorial disease characterized by a series of highly interconnected pathophysiological processes. Within the last decade, the multitarget-directed ligand strategy has emerged as a viable approach to developing complex molecules that exhibit several pharmacophores which can target the different enzymes and receptors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we focus on using multicomponent reactions such as Hantzsch, Biginelli and Ugi to develop these biologically active multitopic ligands.
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8
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Latest progress in the development of multitarget ligands for Alzheimer's disease based on the Hantzsch reaction. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:943-946. [PMID: 35608057 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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9
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Dorababu A. Promising heterocycle-based scaffolds in recent (2019-2021) anti-Alzheimer's drug design and discovery. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174847. [PMID: 35218718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that led to morbidity and mortality world-wide. It is a complex disease whose etiology is not completely known that leads to difficulty in prevent or cure of the AD. Also, there are only few approved drugs for AD treatment. Apart from deaths due to AD, expenditure of treatment and care of AD patients is higher than that of treatment of HIV and cancer diseases combined. Hence, it leads to an economic burden also. Although research is being carried out on designing drugs for AD, most of them have ended up in poor inhibitors with high toxicity. Hence, researchers should shoulder a great responsibility of discovery of efficient drugs for AD treatment. In the field of drug discovery, heterocycles played an important role. Also, most of the heterocyclic scaffolds have been used in design of potent anti-AD agents. In view of this, heterocyclic molecules reported recently are compiled and evaluated comprehensively. Especially, the molecules which exhibited pronounced activity are emphasized and described with respect to structure-activity relationship (SAR) in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, 583219, India.
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Synthesis of new Hantzsch adducts showing Ca 2+ channel blockade capacity, cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant power. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1717-1729. [PMID: 34402661 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative chronic disease with a heavy social and economic impact in our developed societies, which still lacks an efficient therapy. Method: This paper describes the Hantzsch multicomponent synthesis of twelve alkyl hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxylates, 4a-l, along with the evaluation of their Ca2+ channel blockade capacity, cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant power. Results: Compound 4l showed submicromolar inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase, Ca2+ channel antagonism and an antioxidant effect. Conclusion: Compound 4l is an interesting compound that deserves further investigation for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Pachón Angona I, Martin H, Daniel S, Moraleda I, Bonet A, Wnorowski A, Maj M, Jozwiak K, Iriepa I, Refouvelet B, Marco-Contelles J, Ismaili L. Synthesis of Hantzsch Adducts as Cholinesterases and Calcium Flux inhibitors, Antioxidants and Neuroprotectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207652. [PMID: 33081112 PMCID: PMC7589057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modelling of new inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), able to block Ca+2 channels also showing antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The new MTDL, dialkyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-((5-aminoalkyl)oxy)phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 3a-p, have been obtained via Hantzsch reaction from appropriate and commercially available precursors. Pertinent biological analysis has prompted us to identify MTDL 3h [dimethyl-4-(4-((5-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate] as an attractive inhibitor of AChE (1.8 μM) and BuChE (2 μM), Ca+2 channel antagonist (47.72% at 10 μM), and antioxidant (2.54 TE) agent, showing significant neuroprotection 28.68% and 38.29% against H2O2, and O/R, respectively, at 0.3 μM, thus being considered a hit-compound for further investigation in our search for anti-Alzheimer's disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pachón Angona
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Pôle de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Helene Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; (H.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Solene Daniel
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Pôle de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.A.); (S.D.)
| | - Ignacio Moraleda
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, School Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Alexandre Bonet
- PEPITE EA4267, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; (H.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.W.); (M.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, School Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.I.); (B.R.); (L.I.)
| | - Bernard Refouvelet
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Pôle de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.A.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.I.); (B.R.); (L.I.)
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, Pôle de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-25000 Besançon, France; (I.P.A.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.I.); (B.R.); (L.I.)
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