1
|
Wang L, Sarkar A, Grocke GL, Laorenza DW, Cheng B, Ritchhart A, Filatov AS, Patel SN, Gagliardi L, Anderson JS. Broad Electronic Modulation of Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks over Four Distinct Redox States. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37018716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) inorganic materials have emerged as exciting platforms for (opto)electronic, thermoelectric, magnetic, and energy storage applications. However, electronic redox tuning of these materials can be difficult. Instead, 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer the possibility of electronic tuning through stoichiometric redox changes, with several examples featuring one to two redox events per formula unit. Here, we demonstrate that this principle can be extended over a far greater span with the isolation of four discrete redox states in the 2D MOFs LixFe3(THT)2 (x = 0-3, THT = triphenylenehexathiol). This redox modulation results in 10,000-fold greater conductivity, p- to n-type carrier switching, and modulation of antiferromagnetic coupling. Physical characterization suggests that changes in carrier density drive these trends with relatively constant charge transport activation energies and mobilities. This series illustrates that 2D MOFs are uniquely redox flexible, making them an ideal materials platform for tunable and switchable applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Garrett L Grocke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel William Laorenza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Baorui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrew Ritchhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shrayesh N Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jose R, Pal S, Rajaraman G. A Theoretical Perspective to Decipher the Origin of High Hydrogen Storage Capacity in Mn(II) Metal-Organic Framework. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200257. [PMID: 36330697 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a detailed periodic DFT investigation of Mn(II)-based [(Mn4 Cl)3 (BTT)8 ]3- (BTT3- =1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate) metal-organic framework (MOF) to explore various hydrogen binding pockets, nature of MOF…H2 interactions, magnetic coupling and, H2 uptake capacity. Earlier experiments found an uptake capacity of 6.9 wt % of H2, with the heat of adsorption estimated to be ∼10 kJ/mol, which is one among the highest for any MOFs reported. Our calculations unveil different binding sites with computed binding energy varying from -6 to -15 kJ/mol. The binding of H2 at the Mn2+ site is found to be the strongest (site I), with H2 found to bind Mn2+ ion in a η2 fashion with a distance of 2.27 Å and binding energy of -15.4 kJ/mol. The bonding analysis performed using NBO and AIM reveal a strong donation of σ (H2 ) to the dz 2 orbital of the Mn2+ ion responsible for such large binding energy. The other binding pockets, such as -Cl (site II) and BTT ligands (site III and IV) were found to be weaker, with the binding energy decreasing in the order I>II>III>IV. The average binding energy computed for these four sites put together is 9.6 kJ/mol, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of ∼10 kJ/mol. We have expanded our calculations to compute binding energy for multiple sites simultaneously, and in this model, the binding energy per site was found to decrease as we increased the number of H2 molecules suggesting electronic and steric factors controlling the overall uptake capacity. The calculated adsorption isotherm using the GCMC method reproduces the experimental observations. Further, the magnetic coupling computed for the unbound MOF reveals moderate ferromagnetic and strong antiferromagnetic coupling within the tetrameric {Mn4 } unit leading to a three-up-one-down spin configuration as the ground state. These were then coupled ferromagnetically to other tetrameric units in the MOF network. The magnetic coupling was found to alter only marginally upon gas binding, suggesting that both exchange interaction and the spin-states are unlikely to play a role in the H2 uptake. This is contrary to the O2 uptake studied lately, where strong dependence on exchange-coupling/spin state was witnessed, suggesting exchange-coupling/magnetic field dependent binding as a viable route for gas separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246, India.,Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo X, Liu L, Xiao Y, Qi Y, Duan C, Zhang F. Band gap engineering of metal-organic frameworks for solar fuel productions. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Dezotti Y, Barrionuevo MVF, Silva IF, Ribeiro MA, Añez R, Stumpf HO, San-Miguel MA, Barros WP. Experimental and theoretical studies of a pyridylvinyl(benzoate) based coordination polymer structure. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01290h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic, adsorption and structural properties of a layered coordination polymer formed with 3,4-pvb− and copper(ii) were studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dezotti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Fernandes Silva
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Rafael Añez
- Laboratorio de Química Física y Catálisis Computacional, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 21827, Venezuela
| | - Humberto Osório Stumpf
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Wdeson Pereira Barros
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|