1
|
Schimper CB, Pachschwöll P, Maitz MF, Werner C, Rosenau T, Liebner F. Hemocompatibility of cellulose phosphate aerogel membranes with potential use in bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1152577. [PMID: 37152648 PMCID: PMC10154571 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1152577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is an appealing material for tissue engineering. In an attempt to overcome some obstacles with cellulose II cell scaffolding materials related to insufficient biomineralization, lack of micron-size porosity, and deficiency in surface charge, respective solutions have been proposed. These included covalent phosphorylation of different cellulose materials targeting relatively low degrees of substitution (DS 0.18-0.23) and processing these cellulose derivatives into scaffolding materials by a dissolution/coagulation approach employing the hitherto rarely used TBAF/DMSO/H2O system for cellulose dissolution. Here, we report bioactivity and preliminary hemocompatibility testing of dual-porous cellulose phosphate aerogels (contrasted with the phosphate-free reference) obtained via coagulation (water/ethanol), solvent exchange and scCO2 drying. Deposition of hydroxyapatite from simulated body fluid (7 days of immersion) revealed good bioactivity (1.5-2.2 mg Ca2+ per mg scaffold). Incubation of the scCO2-dried and rehydrated scaffolding materials in heparin anticoagulated human whole blood was conducted to study selected parameters of hemostasis (prothrombin F1+2 fragment, PF4, count of thrombocyte-leukocyte conjugates) and inflammatory response (C5a fragment, leukocyte activation marker CD11b). Adhesion of leukocytes on the surface of the incubated substrates was assessed by scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI staining). The results suggest that phosphorylation at low DS does not increase platelet activation. However, a significant increase in platelet activation and thrombin formation was observed after a certain fraction of the negative surface charges had been compensated by Ca2+ ions. The combination of both phosphorylation and calcification turned out to be a potent means for controlling the inflammatory response, which was close to baseline level for some of the studied samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Schimper
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Pachschwöll
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred F. Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Falk Liebner,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Juhász L, Moldován K, Gurikov P, Liebner F, Fábián I, Kalmár J, Cserháti C. False Morphology of Aerogels Caused by Gold Coating for SEM Imaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040588. [PMID: 33669181 PMCID: PMC7919642 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The imaging of non-conducting materials by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is most often performed after depositing few nanometers thick conductive layers on the samples. It is shown in this work, that even a 5 nm thick sputtered gold layer can dramatically alter the morphology and the surface structure of many different types of aerogels. Silica, polyimide, polyamide, calcium-alginate and cellulose aerogels were imaged in their pristine forms and after gold sputtering utilizing low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) in order to reduce charging effects. The morphological features seen in the SEM images of the pristine samples are in excellent agreement with the structural parameters of the aerogels measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption porosimetry. In contrast, the morphologies of the sputter coated samples are significantly distorted and feature nanostructured gold. These findings point out that extra care should be taken in order to ensure that gold sputtering does not cause morphological artifacts. Otherwise, the application of low voltage scanning electron microscopy even yields high resolution images of pristine non-conducting aerogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Juhász
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Physics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Moldován
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.M.); (I.F.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Falk Liebner
- Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - István Fábián
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.M.); (I.F.)
| | - József Kalmár
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.M.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (C.C.); Tel.: +36-52-512-900 (J.K.); +36-52-316-073 (C.C.)
| | - Csaba Cserháti
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (C.C.); Tel.: +36-52-512-900 (J.K.); +36-52-316-073 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Special Issue: Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030568. [PMID: 33499078 PMCID: PMC7865344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|