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Benelli G. Insecticide, Acaricide, Repellent and Antimicrobial Development. Molecules 2022; 27:386. [PMID: 35056701 PMCID: PMC8780506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quick spread of invasive arthropod species worldwide, sometimes boosted by global warming and urbanization [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Hussain A. Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana and a Plant Secondary Metabolite: A Novel Modeling Approach to Invade Host Defense for Effective Control of Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) on Date Palms. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:334. [PMID: 33926109 PMCID: PMC8145493 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) is an important pest causing substantial economic losses to date palm fruits (dates). The application of mycopathogens with plant secondary metabolites, which may proceed synergistically is thus essential to augment sustainable management strategy for O. afrasiaticus. In this regard, extensive laboratory experimentation involving compatibility, synergism, and host defense was performed to develop stable pest management option. The toxin-pathogen compatibility assay results revealed compatible interaction (biological index = 79-95) of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 against each tested concentration of commercially available (+)-α-Pinene that provide the opportunity to further explore the time and concentration dependent mortality and defense related enzymatic regulation analysis. The time-mortality response assays that mainly comprised of various proportions of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 and (+)-α-Pinene revealed that the sole application of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 (LC50 = 19.16 mg/mL), and (+)-α-Pinene (3.41 mg/mL) found to be least lethal compared with joint applications (LC50 ranged from 1.32-7.06 mg/mL). The treatments complied under Scheme IV (80% (+)-α-Pinene: 20% B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 Conidia) led to strong synergistic interaction (joint toxicity = 755). In addition, synergistic interactions greatly induced enzymatic activities of the studied antioxidants (CAT and SOD), and defense-related enzymes (GST and AchE). We concluded that join application of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 and (+)-α-Pinene is a promising option for controlling Oligonychus afrasiaticus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Institute of Research and Consultancy, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; or ; Tel.: +966-566989571
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Lei Y, Hussain A, Guan Z, Wang D, Jaleel W, Lyu L, He Y. Unraveling the Mode of Action of Cordyceps fumosorosea: Potential Biocontrol Agent against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020179. [PMID: 33670783 PMCID: PMC7922683 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea is a potential eco-friendly biocontrol agent. The present study revealed the entire course of infection of P. xylostella by C. fumosorosea with particular reference to cuticular penetration. Comparative studies on the infection of Plutella xylostella larvae by two strains of C. fumosorosea with different pathogenicity were carried out using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. We found that C. fumosorosea tended to adhere to the cuticle surfaces containing protrusions. Although conidia of the lower pathogenic strain IFCF-D58 germinated, they failed to penetrate and complete the development cycle. In contrast, the higher pathogenic strain IFCF01 began to germinate within 4 h and attached to the cuticle by a thin mucilaginous matrix within 8 h post-inoculation. After 24 h post-inoculation, germ tubes and penetrating hyphae reached the cuticular epidermis and began to enter the haemocoel. Within 36 h post-inoculation, the hyphal bodies colonized the body cavity. Hyphae penetrated from inside to outside of the body after 48 h and sporulated the cadavers. After 72 h post-inoculation, numerous conidia emerged and the mycelial covered the entire cuticular surface. The two strains showed similarities in terms of conidial size and germination rate. However, IFCF-D58 exhibited significantly fewer appressoria and longer penetrating hyphae compared to the more infective IFCF01 on all surface topographies. The current pathogen invasion sequence of events suggested that the aggressive growth and propagation along with rapid and massive in vivo production of blastospores facilitate the conidia of IFCF01 to quickly overcome the diamondback moth's defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyuan Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (W.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Abid Hussain
- Institute of Research and Consultancy, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaoying Guan
- School of Applied Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518116, China;
| | - Desen Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Waqar Jaleel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (W.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Lihua Lyu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (W.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Yurong He
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85283985
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