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Megha M, Mohan CC, Joy A, Unnikrishnan G, Thomas J, Haris M, Bhatt SG, Kolanthai E, Senthilkumar M. Vanadium and strontium co-doped hydroxyapatite enriched polycaprolactone matrices for effective bone tissue engineering: A synergistic approach. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124266. [PMID: 38788971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Scientific research targeted at enhancing scaffold qualities has increased significantly during the last few decades. This emphasis frequently centres on adding different functions to scaffolds in order to increase their usefulness as instruments in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a multifunctional sustainable polymer scaffold, specifically Polycaprolactone (PCL) embedded with hydroxyapatite co-doped with vanadium and strontium (HVS), for bone tissue engineering applications. Polycaprolactone was used to fabricate the scaffold, while hydroxyapatite co-doped with vanadium and strontium (HVS) served as the nanofiller. A thorough investigation of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the HVS nanofiller was carried out using cutting-edge techniques including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and in vitro cell studies. A cell viability rate of more than 70 % demonstrated that the synthesised nanofiller was cytotoxic, but in an acceptable range. The mechanical, biological, and physicochemical properties of the scaffold were extensively evaluated after the nanofiller was integrated. The water absorption characteristics of scaffold were enhanced by the addition of HVS nanofillers, leading to increased swelling, porosity, and hydrophilicity. These improvements speed up the flow of nutrients and the infiltration of cells into the scaffold. The scaffold has been shown to have important properties that stimulate bone cell activity, including better biodegradability and improved mechanical strength, which increased from 5.30 ± 0.37 to 10.58 ± 0.42 MPa. Further, its considerable antimicrobial qualities, blood-compatible nature, and capacity to promote biomineralization strengthen its appropriateness for usage in biomedical applications. Mainly, enhanced Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) activity, and excellent cell adhesive properties, indicating the outstanding osteogenic potential observed in rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells (rBMSC). These combined attributes highlight the pivotal role of these nanocomposite scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Megha
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chandni C Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Anjumol Joy
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India; College of Arts and Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gayathri Unnikrishnan
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jibu Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Haris
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sarita G Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India; Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Cockell CS, Santomartino R, Finster K, Waajen AC, Nicholson N, Loudon CM, Eades LJ, Moeller R, Rettberg P, Fuchs FM, Van Houdt R, Leys N, Coninx I, Hatton J, Parmitano L, Krause J, Koehler A, Caplin N, Zuijderduijn L, Mariani A, Pellari S, Carubia F, Luciani G, Balsamo M, Zolesi V, Ochoa J, Sen P, Watt JAJ, Doswald-Winkler J, Herová M, Rattenbacher B, Wadsworth J, Everroad RC, Demets R. Microbially-Enhanced Vanadium Mining and Bioremediation Under Micro- and Mars Gravity on the International Space Station. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641387. [PMID: 33868198 PMCID: PMC8047202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As humans explore and settle in space, they will need to mine elements to support industries such as manufacturing and construction. In preparation for the establishment of permanent human settlements across the Solar System, we conducted the ESA BioRock experiment on board the International Space Station to investigate whether biological mining could be accomplished under extraterrestrial gravity conditions. We tested the hypothesis that the gravity (g) level influenced the efficacy with which biomining could be achieved from basalt, an abundant material on the Moon and Mars, by quantifying bioleaching by three different microorganisms under microgravity, simulated Mars and Earth gravitational conditions. One element of interest in mining is vanadium (V), which is added to steel to fabricate high strength, corrosion-resistant structural materials for buildings, transportation, tools and other applications. The results showed that Sphingomonas desiccabilis and Bacillus subtilis enhanced the leaching of vanadium under the three gravity conditions compared to sterile controls by 184.92 to 283.22%, respectively. Gravity did not have a significant effect on mean leaching, thus showing the potential for biomining on Solar System objects with diverse gravitational conditions. Our results demonstrate the potential to use microorganisms to conduct elemental mining and other bioindustrial processes in space locations with non-1 × g gravity. These same principles apply to extraterrestrial bioremediation and elemental recycling beyond Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Santomartino
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Finster
- Department of Biology - Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemiek C Waajen
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Nicholson
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire-Marie Loudon
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna J Eades
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - Petra Rettberg
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Köln, Germany
| | - Felix M Fuchs
- Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Sciences, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Microbiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Ochoa
- ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands.,Space Application Services NV/SA, Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Pia Sen
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - James A J Watt
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine Doswald-Winkler
- BIOTESC, Hochschule Luzern Technik & Architektur, Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Herová
- BIOTESC, Hochschule Luzern Technik & Architektur, Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Rattenbacher
- BIOTESC, Hochschule Luzern Technik & Architektur, Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Wadsworth
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - R Craig Everroad
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
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