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Colombo R, Moretto G, Pellicorio V, Papetti A. Globe Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) By-Products in Food Applications: Functional and Biological Properties. Foods 2024; 13:1427. [PMID: 38790727 PMCID: PMC11119529 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean area and Italy is one of the largest producers. A great issue is represented by its high amount of by-product, mainly consisting of external bracts and stems, but also of residual leaves, stalks, roots, and seeds. Artichoke by-products are rich in nutrients (carbohydrates and proteins) and bioactive compounds (polyphenols and terpenes) and represent potential ingredients for foodstuffs, functional foods, and food supplements, due to their functional and biological properties. In fact, artichoke by-products' components exhibit many beneficial effects, such as dyspeptic, prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiglycative, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, and hypolipidemic properties. Therefore, they can be considered potential food ingredients useful in reducing the risk of developing metabolic and age-related disorders. This work summarizes the economic and environmental impact of the recovery and valorization of artichoke by-products, focusing on rheological, physical, and biological properties of the different components present in each by-product and their different food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Giulia Moretto
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Vanessa Pellicorio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.C.); (G.M.); (V.P.)
- C.S.G.I., University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Luță EA, Biță A, Moroșan A, Mihaiescu DE, Mihai DP, Popescu L, Bejenaru LE, Bejenaru C, Popovici V, Olaru OT, Gîrd CE. Implications of the Cultivation of Rosemary and Thyme ( Lamiaceae) in Plant Communities for the Development of Antioxidant Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11670. [PMID: 37511428 PMCID: PMC10380601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the most critical factor in multiple functional disorders' development, and natural antioxidants could protect the human body against it. Our study aims to investigate the polyphenol content of four extracts of two medicinal plants (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Thymus vulgaris L.) and analyze the correlation with their antioxidant activity. The research was carried out on extracts of rosemary and thyme obtained from species cultivated together in plant communities. Both were compared with extracts from species cultivated in individual crops (control crops). Their polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometric methods (dosage of flavones, phenol carboxylic acids, and total polyphenols) and chromatography (UHPLC-MS and FT-ICR MS). Triterpenic acids were also quantified, having a higher concentration in the thyme extract from the culture. The antioxidant activity of the dry extracts was evaluated in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) and in silico (prediction of interactions with BACH1/BACH2 transcription factors). The concentrations of polyphenols are higher in the extracts obtained from the sources collected from the common crops. These observations were also validated following the chromatographic analysis for some compounds. Statistically significant differences in the increase in the antioxidant effect were observed for the extracts from the common batches compared to those from the individual ones. Following the Pearson analysis, the IC50 values for each plant extract were strongly correlated with the concentration of active phytoconstituents. Molecular docking studies revealed that quercetin could bind to BTB domains of BACH1 and BACH2 transcription factors, likely translating into increased antioxidant enzyme expression. Future studies must validate the in silico findings and further investigate phytosociological cultivation's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela-Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Biță
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenițescu", Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University of Politehnica, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry "Costin Nenițescu", Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University of Politehnica, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Popescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rareș 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Violeta Popovici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Ahmed MG, Al-Sagheer AA, El-Waziry AM, El-Zarkouny SZ, Elwakeel EA. Ensiling Characteristics, In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Feed Degradability, and Methane and Ammonia Production of Berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Co-Ensiled with Artichoke Bracts ( Cynara cardunculus L.). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091543. [PMID: 37174580 PMCID: PMC10177127 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of co-ensiling increasing levels of artichoke bracts (Cynara cardunculus L.) with berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100, respectively) on silage quality after 0, 30, 60, and 120 days. Moreover, the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3-N) production were evaluated using a buffalo inoculum source. The results showed that pH of the silage and the concentration of acetic, propionic, butyric acid, and NH3-N significantly decreased (L; p < 0.01) with the increasing amounts of artichoke bracts in the mixture. At 30 and 60 days of ensiling, the highest lactic acid concentration was observed at intermediate proportions of artichoke bracts (p < 0.01). Cumulative gas production was higher in artichoke bracts than in the berseem silage. After 24 h of incubation, the highest value (p < 0.05) of truly dry matter, organic matter, natural detergent fiber degradability, and NH3-N concentration was recorded with 500 g/kg of forage mixtures. As the artichoke bract concentration increased, the partitioning factor and ruminal pH declined linearly (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were observed for total volatile fatty acids and volatile fatty acids molar proportions. In summary, co-ensiling artichoke bracts with berseem at a ratio of 1:1 might be a promising and easy method for the production of high-quality silage from legume forage with positively manipulating rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam G Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Adham A Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Waziry
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Samir Z El-Zarkouny
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Eman A Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
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Muelas R, Romero G, Díaz JR, Monllor P, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M, Cano-Lamadrid M, Sendra E. Quality and Functional Parameters of Fermented Milk Obtained from Goat Milk Fed with Broccoli and Artichoke Plant By-Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172601. [PMID: 36076787 PMCID: PMC9455734 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Large amount of vegetal by-products are generated during production and processing steps. Introducing silage from vegetable by-products into dairy goat feed would be of great interest from the point of view of reducing costs and supporting the circular economy. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 40% inclusion of silage broccoli by-products and artichoke plant by-products in the diet of Murciano-Granadina goats throughout the lactation to establish milk suitability for fermented milks production. The novelty of this study is the use of milk from goats fed for a long term with a high inclusion of silages from artichoke plant and broccoli by-products, being the first one on broccoli inclusion. Two starter cultures thermophilic (YO-MIXTM300), and, mesophilic (MA400) were used and fermented milks were analyzed at two storage times after fermentation. Fermentation enhances antioxidant properties of fermented milks from all diets (p < 0.05), especially when mesophilic starter cultures are used. The main findings are that long term inclusion of 40% silage from broccoli and artichoke plant by-products in balanced diets of dairy goats yields milk suitable for fermentation by yogurt and cheese cultures, the inclusion of broccoli silage enhances antioxidant properties (p < 0.05), and, the inclusion of plant artichoke enhances fatty acids health indexes (p < 0.05).
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Lin S, Huang H, Zheng J, Lin H, Wang Y, Xu P. Microbial enrichment evaluation during the fermentation of ensiling pruned branches from tea plants. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 374:109742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huang H, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Ślusarczyk S, Lechniak D, Vazirigohar M, Varadyova Z, Kozłowska M, Cieślak A. Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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