1
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Nath S. Phosphorus Chemistry at the Roots of Bioenergetics: Ligand Permutation as the Molecular Basis of the Mechanism of ATP Synthesis/Hydrolysis by F OF 1-ATP Synthase. Molecules 2023; 28:7486. [PMID: 38005208 PMCID: PMC10673332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of phosphorus chemistry with the mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis requires dynamical information during ATP turnover and catalysis. Oxygen exchange reactions occurring at β-catalytic sites of the FOF1-ATP synthase/F1-ATPase imprint a unique record of molecular events during the catalytic cycle of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. They have been shown to provide valuable time-resolved information on enzyme catalysis during ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis. The present work conducts new experiments on oxygen exchange catalyzed by submitochondrial particles designed to (i) measure the relative rates of Pi-ATP, Pi-HOH, and ATP-HOH isotope exchanges; (ii) probe the effect of ADP removal on the extent of inhibition of the exchanges, and (iii) test their uncoupler sensitivity/resistance. The objectives have been realized based on new experiments on submitochondrial particles, which show that both the Pi-HOH and ATP-HOH exchanges occur at a considerably higher rate relative to the Pi-ATP exchange, an observation that cannot be explained by previous mechanisms. A unifying explanation of the kinetic data that rationalizes these observations is given. The experimental results in (ii) show that ADP removal does not inhibit the intermediate Pi-HOH exchange when ATP and submitochondrial particles are incubated, and that the nucleotide requirement of the intermediate Pi-HOH exchange is adequately met by ATP, but not by ADP. These results contradicts the central postulate in Boyer's binding change mechanism of reversible catalysis at a F1 catalytic site with Keq~1 that predicts an absolute requirement of ADP for the occurrence of the Pi-HOH exchange. The prominent intermediate Pi-HOH exchange occurring under hydrolytic conditions is shown to be best explained by Nath's torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis/hydrolysis, which postulates an essentially irreversible cleavage of ATP by mitochondria/particles, independent from a reversible formation of ATP from ADP and Pi. The explanation within the torsional mechanism is also shown to rationalize the relative insensitivity of the intermediate Pi-HOH exchange to uncouplers observed in the experiments in (iii) compared to the Pi-ATP and ATP-HOH exchanges. This is shown to lead to new concepts and perspectives based on ligand displacement/substitution and ligand permutation for the elucidation of the oxygen exchange reactions within the framework of fundamental phosphorus chemistry. Fast mechanisms that realize the rotation/twist, tilt, permutation and switch of ligands, as well as inversion at the γ-phosphorus synchronously and simultaneously and in a concerted manner, have been proposed, and their stereochemical consequences have been analyzed. These considerations take us beyond the binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis in bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nath
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; or
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Rheinische-Friedrichs-Wilhelm Universität Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Garaiová Z, Gašperová M, Šubjaková V, Hianik T. Interaction of G-quadruplex Forming DNA Aptamers with PAMAM Dendrimers Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering and UV-VIS Spectrophotometry. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300264. [PMID: 37318900 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The complexes of G-quadruplex forming DNA thrombin binding aptamers (TBA) and polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) were studied with the aim to form a model targeted drug delivery system. Hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and melting temperature (Tm ) were investigated by dynamic light scattering and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Non-covalent adsorption by means of electrostatic interaction between positively charged amino groups of dendrimers (+) and negatively charged phosphate groups of aptamers (-) has driven the formation of aggregates. The size of complexes was in the range of 0.2-2 μm and depended on the type of dispersant, charge ratio (+/-) and temperature. Raising the temperature increased the polydispersity, new smaller size distributions were observed indicating the G-quadruplex unfolding. The melting transition temperature of TBA aptamer was affected by the presence of amino-terminated PAMAM rather than carboxylated succinic acid PAMAM-SAH dendrimer, thus supporting the electrostatic nature of interaction that disturbed denaturation of target-specific quadruplex aptamer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Garaiová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Gašperová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Šubjaková
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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THIRUMALAI A, ELBOUGHDIRI N, HARINI K, GIRIGOSWAMI K, GIRIGOSWAMI A. Phosphorus-carrying cascade molecules: inner architecture to biomedical applications. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:667-688. [PMID: 38174062 PMCID: PMC10760543 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cascade molecules are nearly uniform-sized macromolecules of small molecules or linear polymer cores built around symmetric branching units. A wide range of biological properties can be achieved with phosphorus-containing dendrimers, depending on their terminal functions, ranging from biomaterials to imaging, drug delivery, and acting as a drug by themselves. This feature article presents significant examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers used to develop biochips, support cell cultures, carry or deliver biomacromolecules and drugs, bioimaging, and combinational benefits. Because of the thermal stability, ferrocene function, and physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, dendrimers show greater rigidity, mobility, and strength. These dendrimers will be discussed as having a favorable effect on cell growths, especially on neuronal cells, as well as human immune cells like natural killer cells and monocytes, which have a crucial part in preventing cancerous and viral infections. Several phosphorus dendrimers are effective as drugs by themselves (drug per se) and show their activity against neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, ocular hypertension, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in both in vivo and in vitro. The present review discusses the synthetic route, fabrications, and biomedical applications of phosphorus-containing dendrimers. The toxicity of these dendrimers was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan THIRUMALAI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Noureddine ELBOUGHDIRI
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Process, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes,
Tunisia
| | - Karthick HARINI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Koyeli GIRIGOSWAMI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Agnishwar GIRIGOSWAMI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
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4
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Adamek J. Special Issue "Organophosphorus Chemistry: A New Perspective". Molecules 2023; 28:4752. [PMID: 37375307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Chemical Society (EuChemS) and the European Parliament (Science and Policy Workshop, 25 May 2023) recognize phosphorus as one of the key chemical elements in daily life [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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5
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Yu L, Lee H, Rho SB, Park MK, Lee CH. Ethacrynic Acid: A Promising Candidate for Drug Repurposing as an Anticancer Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076712. [PMID: 37047688 PMCID: PMC10094867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethacrynic acid (ECA) is a diuretic that inhibits Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) present in the thick ascending loop of Henle and muculo dens and is clinically used for the treatment of edema caused by excessive body fluid. However, its clinical use is limited due to its low bioavailability and side effects, such as liver damage and hearing loss at high doses. Despite this, ECA has recently emerged as a potential anticancer agent through the approach of drug repositioning, with a novel mechanism of action. ECA has been shown to regulate cancer hallmark processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, energy metabolism, and the increase of inhibitory growth factors through various mechanisms. Additionally, ECA has been used as a scaffold for synthesizing a new material, and various derivatives have been synthesized. This review explores the potential of ECA and its derivatives as anticancer agents, both alone and in combination with adjuvants, by examining their effects on ten hallmarks of cancer and neuronal contribution to cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the trend of synthesis research of a series of ECA derivatives to improve the bioavailability of ECA. This review highlights the importance of ECA research and its potential to provide a cost-effective alternative to new drug discovery and development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kisakova LA, Apartsin EK, Nizolenko LF, Karpenko LI. Dendrimer-Mediated Delivery of DNA and RNA Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041106. [PMID: 37111593 PMCID: PMC10145063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA vaccines (nucleic acid-based vaccines) are a promising platform for vaccine development. The first mRNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech) were approved in 2020, and a DNA vaccine (Zydus Cadila, India), in 2021. They display unique benefits in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Nucleic acid-based vaccines have a number of advantages, such as safety, efficacy, and low cost. They are potentially faster to develop, cheaper to produce, and easier to store and transport. A crucial step in the technology of DNA or RNA vaccines is choosing an efficient delivery method. Nucleic acid delivery using liposomes is the most popular approach today, but this method has certain disadvantages. Therefore, studies are actively underway to develop various alternative delivery methods, among which synthetic cationic polymers such as dendrimers are very attractive. Dendrimers are three-dimensional nanostructures with a high degree of molecular homogeneity, adjustable size, multivalence, high surface functionality, and high aqueous solubility. The biosafety of some dendrimers has been evaluated in several clinical trials presented in this review. Due to these important and attractive properties, dendrimers are already being used to deliver a number of drugs and are being explored as promising carriers for nucleic acid-based vaccines. This review summarizes the literature data on the development of dendrimer-based delivery systems for DNA and mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov A. Kisakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- CBMN, UMR 5248, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Lily F. Nizolenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
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7
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Knauer N, Meschaninova M, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Majoral JP, Kahlert UD, Kozlov V, Apartsin EK. Effects of Dendrimer-microRNA Nanoformulations against Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030968. [PMID: 36986829 PMCID: PMC10056969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a rapidly progressing tumor quite resistant to conventional treatment. These features are currently assigned to a self-sustaining population of glioblastoma stem cells. Anti-tumor stem cell therapy calls for a new means of treatment. In particular, microRNA-based treatment is a solution, which in turn requires specific carriers for intracellular delivery of functional oligonucleotides. Herein, we report a preclinical in vitro validation of antitumor activity of nanoformulations containing antitumor microRNA miR-34a and microRNA-21 synthetic inhibitor and polycationic phosphorus and carbosilane dendrimers. The testing was carried out in a panel of glioblastoma and glioma cell lines, glioblastoma stem-like cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We have shown dendrimer-microRNA nanoformulations to induce cell death in a controllable manner, with cytotoxic effects being more pronounced in tumor cells than in non-tumor stem cells. Furthermore, nanoformulations affected the expression of proteins responsible for interactions between the tumor and its immune microenvironment: surface markers (PD-L1, TIM3, CD47) and IL-10. Our findings evidence the potential of dendrimer-based therapeutic constructions for the anti-tumor stem cell therapy worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Knauer
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariya Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular-, and Transplant-Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence:
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8
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A Glimpse into Dendrimers Integration in Cancer Imaging and Theranostics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065430. [PMID: 36982503 PMCID: PMC10049703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a result of abnormal cell proliferation. This pathology is a serious health problem since it is a leading cause of death worldwide. Current anti-cancer therapies rely on surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments still present major associated problems, namely the absence of specificity. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles, particularly dendrimers, have been paving their way to the front line of cancer treatment, mostly for drug and gene delivery, diagnosis, and disease monitoring. This is mainly derived from their high versatility, which results from their ability to undergo distinct surface functionalization, leading to improved performance. In recent years, the anticancer and antimetastatic capacities of dendrimers have been discovered, opening new frontiers to dendrimer-based chemotherapeutics. In the present review, we summarize the intrinsic anticancer activity of different dendrimers as well as their use as nanocarriers in cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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9
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Arbez-Gindre C, Steele BR, Micha-Screttas M. Dendrimers in Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Approaches in Multi-Targeting Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030898. [PMID: 36986759 PMCID: PMC10059864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an increasingly important role in current medicinal practice. As one of the most significant causes of human mortality, and one that is increasing year by year, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been the subject of a very great body of research and is an area in which nanomedicinal approaches show great promise. Dendrimers are a class of multivalent nanomaterials which can accommodate a wide range of modifications that enable them to be used as drug delivery systems. By means of suitable design, they can incorporate multiple functionalities to enable transport across the blood–brain barrier and subsequently target the diseased areas of the brain. In addition, a number of dendrimers by themselves often display therapeutic potential for AD. In this review, the various hypotheses relating to the development of AD and the proposed therapeutic interventions involving dendrimer–base systems are outlined. Special attention is focused on more recent results and on the importance of aspects such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in approaches to the design of new treatments.
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10
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Blilid S, Boundor M, Katir N, El Achaby M, Lahcini M, Majoral JP, Bousmina M, El Kadib A. Expanding Chitosan Reticular Chemistry Using Multifunctional and Thermally Stable Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blilid
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Boundor
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660−Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- IMED-Lab, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, B.P. 549, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660−Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Jean Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mosto Bousmina
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070 Fès, Morocco
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11
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Dendrimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by progressive loss of structure or function of neurons. Current therapies for NDs are only symptomatic and long-term ineffective. This challenge has promoted the development of new therapies against relevant targets in these pathologies. In this review, we will focus on the most promising therapeutic approaches based on dendrimers (DDs) specially designed for the treatment and diagnosis of NDs. DDs are well-defined polymeric structures that provide a multifunctional platform for developing different nanosystems for a myriad of applications. DDs have been proposed as interesting drug delivery systems with the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and increase the bioavailability of classical drugs in the brain, as well as genetic material, by reducing the synthesis of specific targets, as β-amyloid peptide. Moreover, DDs have been shown to be promising anti-amyloidogenic systems against amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and Tau aggregation, powerful agents for blocking α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrillation, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, promote cellular uptake to certain cell types, and are potential tools for ND diagnosis. In summary, DDs have emerged as promising alternatives to current ND therapies since they may limit the extent of damage and provide neuroprotection to the affected tissues.
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12
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Tümer Y. Synthesis, structural, and stereogenic characterizations of new trispirocyclotriphosphazenes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Tümer
- Department of Chemistry Karabük University Karabük Turkey
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13
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Design, Synthesis and Activity of New N1-Alkyl Tryptophan Functionalized Dendrimeric Peptides against Glioblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081116. [PMID: 36009010 PMCID: PMC9406037 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to resistance to conventional therapy, a blood–brain barrier that results in poor drug delivery, and a high potential for metastasis, glioblastoma (GBM) presents a great medical challenge. Since the repertoire of the possible therapies is very limited, novel therapeutic strategies require new drugs as well as new approaches. The multiple roles played by L-tryptophan (Trp) in tumorigenesis of GBM and the previously found antiproliferative properties of Trp-bearing dendrimers against this malignancy prompted us to design novel polyfunctional peptide-based dendrimers covalently attached to N1-alkyl tryptophan (Trp) residues. Their antiproliferative properties against GBM and normal human astrocytes (NHA) and their antioxidant potential were tested. Methods: Two groups of amphiphilic peptide dendrimers terminated with N1-butyl and N1-aminopentane tryptophan were designed. The influence of dendrimers on viability of NHA and human GBM cell lines, displaying different genetic backgrounds and tumorigenic potentials, was determined by the MTT test. The influence of compounds on the clonogenic potential of GBM cells was assessed by colony-formation assay. Dendrimers were tested for radical scavenging potency as well as redox capability (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models). Results: Several peptide dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkyl-tryptophan at 5 µM concentration exhibited high selectivity towards GBM cells retaining 85–95% viable NHA cells while killing cancer cells. In both the MTT and colony-formation assays, compounds 21 (functionalized with N1-butyl-Trp and (+)8 charged) and 25 (functionalized with N1-aminopentane-Trp and (+)12 charged) showed the most promise for their development into anticancer drugs. According to ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant tests, dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkylated Trp expressed higher ROS-scavenging capacity (ABTS and DPPH) than those with unsubstituted Trp. Conclusions: Peptide dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkyl-tryptophan showed varying toxicity to NHA, while all were toxic to GBM cells. Based on their activity towards inhibition of GBM viability and relatively mild effect on NHA cells the most advantageous were derivatives 21 and 25 with the respective di-dodecyl and dodecyl residue located at the C-terminus. As expected, peptide dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkyl-tryptophan expressed higher scavenging potency against ROS than dendrimers with unsubstituted tryptophan.
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14
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Chen L, Cao L, Zhan M, Li J, Wang D, Laurent R, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Shi X. Engineered Stable Bioactive Per Se Amphiphilic Phosphorus Dendron Nanomicelles as a Highly Efficient Drug Delivery System To Take Down Breast Cancer In Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2827-2837. [PMID: 35694854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional small molecular chemical drugs always have challenging limitations in cancer therapy due to their high systemic toxicity and low therapeutic efficacy. Nanotechnology has been applied in drug delivery, bringing new promising potential to realize effective cancer treatment. In this context, we develop here a new nanomicellar drug delivery platform generated by amphiphilic phosphorus dendrons (1-C17G3.HCl), which could form micelles for effective encapsulation of a hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with a high drug loading content (42.4%) and encapsulation efficiency (96.7%). Owing to the unique dendritic rigid structure and surface hydrophilic groups, large steady void space of micelles can be created for drug encapsulation. The created DOX-loaded micelles with a mean diameter of 26.3 nm have good colloidal stability. Strikingly, we show that the drug-free micelles possess good intrinsic anticancer activity and act collectively with DOX to take down breast cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor model in vivo through upregulation of Bax, PTEN, and p53 proteins for enhanced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the resulting 1-C17G3.HCl@DOX micelles significantly abolish the toxicity relevant to the free drug. The findings of this study demonstrate a unique nanomicelle-based drug delivery system created with the self-assembling amphiphilic phosphorus dendrons that may be adapted for chemotherapy of different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Liu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Régis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Pères, Paris 75006, France.,CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal 9020-105, Portugal
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal 9020-105, Portugal
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15
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Chis AA, Dobrea CM, Rus LL, Frum A, Morgovan C, Butuca A, Totan M, Juncan AM, Gligor FG, Arseniu AM. Dendrimers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:5976. [PMID: 34641519 PMCID: PMC8512881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) has been intensively studied as a promising new strategy of prodrug delivery, with its main advantages being represented by an enhanced efficacy and a reduced off-target toxicity of the active drug. In recent years, numerous therapeutic systems based on GDEPT strategy have entered clinical trials. In order to deliver the desired gene at a specific site of action, this therapeutic approach uses vectors divided in two major categories, viral vectors and non-viral vectors, with the latter being represented by chemical delivery agents. There is considerable interest in the development of non-viral vectors due to their decreased immunogenicity, higher specificity, ease of synthesis and greater flexibility for subsequent modulations. Dendrimers used as delivery vehicles offer many advantages, such as: nanoscale size, precise molecular weight, increased solubility, high load capacity, high bioavailability and low immunogenicity. The aim of the present work was to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances regarding the use of dendrimers as non-viral carriers in the GDEPT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adina Frum
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (C.M.D.); (L.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.T.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (C.M.D.); (L.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.T.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.M.A.)
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16
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Wang D, Chen L, Gao Y, Song C, Ouyang Z, Li C, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Shi X, Shen M. Impact of molecular rigidity on the gene delivery efficiency of core-shell tecto dendrimers. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6149-6154. [PMID: 34328166 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the construction of two types of core-shell tecto dendrimers (CSTDs) with different core rigidities to illustrate the impact of molecular rigidity on their gene delivery efficiency. Our study reveals that CSTDs designed with rigid cores enable promoted gene delivery, providing many possibilities for a wide range of gene delivery-associated biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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17
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Sorroza-Martínez K, González-Méndez I, Vonlanthen M, Cuétara-Guadarrama F, Illescas J, Zhu XX, Rivera E. Guest-Mediated Reversal of the Tumbling Process in Phosphorus-Dendritic Compounds Containing β-Cyclodextrin Units: An NMR Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:556. [PMID: 34207945 PMCID: PMC8230630 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformational study of dendritic platforms containing multiple β-cyclodextrin (βCD) units in the periphery is relevant to determine the availability of βCD cavities for the formation of inclusion complexes in aqueous biological systems. In this work, we performed a detailed conformational analysis in D2O, via 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy of a novel class of phosphorus dendritic compounds of the type P3N3-[O-C6H4-O-(CH2)n-βCD]6 (where n = 3 or 4). We unambiguously demonstrated that a functionalized glucopyranose unit of at least one βCD unit undergoes a 360° tumbling process, resulting in a deep inclusion of the spacer that binds the cyclodextrin to the phosphorus core inside the cavity, consequently limiting the availability of the inner cavities. In addition, we confirmed through NMR titrations that this tumbling phenomenon can be reversed for all βCD host units using a high-affinity guest, namely 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (AdCOOH). Our findings have demonstrated that it is possible to create a wide variety of multi-functional dendritic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Sorroza-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México City CP 04510, Mexico; (K.S.-M.); (M.V.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Israel González-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México City CP 04510, Mexico; (K.S.-M.); (M.V.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Mireille Vonlanthen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México City CP 04510, Mexico; (K.S.-M.); (M.V.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Fabián Cuétara-Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México City CP 04510, Mexico; (K.S.-M.); (M.V.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Javier Illescas
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Avenida Tecnológico S/N Col. Agrícola Bellavista, Metepec CP 52140, Mexico;
| | - Xiao Xia Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México City CP 04510, Mexico; (K.S.-M.); (M.V.); (F.C.-G.)
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18
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2,6-Bis(1-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine-capped poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)s: synthesis, complexation with metal ions, and self-assembly behavior. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Gao Y, Shen M, Shi X. Interaction of dendrimers with the immune system: An insight into cancer nanotheranostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low‐dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low‐dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low‐dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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20
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Rangou S, Moschovas D, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Tsitoni K, Bovsunovskaya PV, Ivanov DA, Thomas EL, Avgeropoulos A. Dendrons and Dendritic Terpolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Self-Assembly Comparison. Molecules 2020; 25:E6030. [PMID: 33352785 PMCID: PMC7766238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first time that a thorough study of the synthetic procedures, molecular and thermal characterization, followed by structure/properties relationship for symmetric and non-symmetric second generation (2-G) dendritic terpolymers is reported. Actually, the synthesis of the non-symmetric materials is reported for the first time in the literature. Anionic polymerization enables the synthesis of well-defined polymers that, despite the architecture complexity, absolute control over the average molecular weight, as well as block composition, is achieved. The dendritic type macromolecular architecture affects the microphase separation, because different morphologies are obtained, which do not exhibit long range order, and various defects or dislocations are evident attributed to the increased number of junction points of the final material despite the satisfactory thermal annealing at temperatures above the highest glass transition temperature of all blocks. For comparison reasons, the initial dendrons (miktoarm star terpolymer precursors) which are connected to each other in order to synthesize the final dendritic terpolymers are characterized in solution and in bulk and their self-assembly is also studied. A major conclusion is that specific structures are adopted which depend on the type of the core connection between the ligand and the active sites of the dendrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rangou
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Polymer Research, Max-Plank-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantina Tsitoni
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Polina V. Bovsunovskaya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse–IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA;
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (S.R.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.T.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.B.); (D.A.I.)
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21
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Alven S, Aderibigbe BA. The Therapeutic Efficacy of Dendrimer and Micelle Formulations for Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1212. [PMID: 33333778 PMCID: PMC7765183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women and it is the cause of a high rate of mortality globally. The use of anticancer drugs is the standard treatment approach used for this type of cancer. However, most of these drugs are limited by multi-drug resistance, drug toxicity, poor drug bioavailability, low water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, etc. To overcome multi-drug resistance, combinations of two or more anticancer drugs are used. However, the combination of two or more anticancer drugs produce toxic side effects. Micelles and dendrimers are promising drug delivery systems that can overcome the limitations associated with the currently used anticancer drugs. They have the capability to overcome drug resistance, reduce drug toxicity, improve the drug solubility and bioavailability. Different classes of anticancer drugs have been loaded into micelles and dendrimers, resulting in targeted drug delivery, sustained drug release mechanism, increased cellular uptake, reduced toxic side effects of the loaded drugs with enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review article reports the biological outcomes of dendrimers and micelles loaded with different known anticancer agents on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa;
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22
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Chis AA, Dobrea C, Morgovan C, Arseniu AM, Rus LL, Butuca A, Juncan AM, Totan M, Vonica-Tincu AL, Cormos G, Muntean AC, Muresan ML, Gligor FG, Frum A. Applications and Limitations of Dendrimers in Biomedicine. Molecules 2020; 25:E3982. [PMID: 32882920 PMCID: PMC7504821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedicine represents one of the main study areas for dendrimers, which have proven to be valuable both in diagnostics and therapy, due to their capacity for improving solubility, absorption, bioavailability and targeted distribution. Molecular cytotoxicity constitutes a limiting characteristic, especially for cationic and higher-generation dendrimers. Antineoplastic research of dendrimers has been widely developed, and several types of poly(amidoamine) and poly(propylene imine) dendrimer complexes with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, imatinib, sunitinib, cisplatin, melphalan and methotrexate have shown an improvement in comparison with the drug molecule alone. The anti-inflammatory therapy focused on dendrimer complexes of ibuprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam, ketoprofen and diflunisal. In the context of the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, dendrimer complexes of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, beta-lactamines and aminoglycosides have shown promising effects. Regarding antiviral therapy, studies have been performed to develop dendrimer conjugates with tenofovir, maraviroc, zidovudine, oseltamivir and acyclovir, among others. Furthermore, cardiovascular therapy has strongly addressed dendrimers. Employed in imaging diagnostics, dendrimers reduce the dosage required to obtain images, thus improving the efficiency of radioisotopes. Dendrimers are macromolecular structures with multiple advantages that can suffer modifications depending on the chemical nature of the drug that has to be transported. The results obtained so far encourage the pursuit of new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Dobrea
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga St., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (A.M.A.); (L.L.R.); (A.B.); (A.M.J.); (M.T.); (A.L.V.-T.); (G.C.); (A.C.M.); (M.L.M.); (F.G.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga St., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (A.M.A.); (L.L.R.); (A.B.); (A.M.J.); (M.T.); (A.L.V.-T.); (G.C.); (A.C.M.); (M.L.M.); (F.G.G.); (A.F.)
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