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Peng X, Ma Y, Yan C, Wei X, Zhang L, Jiang H, Ma Y, Zhang S, Xing M, Gao Y. Mechanism, Formulation, and Efficacy Evaluation of Natural Products for Skin Pigmentation Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1022. [PMID: 39204367 PMCID: PMC11359997 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation typically arises from the excessive secretion and accumulation of melanin, resulting in a darker complexion compared to normal skin. Currently, the local application of chemical drugs is a first-line strategy for pigmentation disorders, but the safety and efficacy of drugs still cannot meet clinical treatment needs. For long-term and safe medication, researchers have paid attention to natural products with higher biocompatibility. This article begins by examining the pathogenesis and treatment approaches of skin pigmentation diseases and summarizes the research progress and mechanism of natural products with lightening or whitening effects that are clinically common or experimentally proven. Moreover, we outline the novel formulations of natural products in treating pigmentation disorders, including liposomes, nanoparticles, microemulsions, microneedles, and tocosomes. Finally, the pharmacodynamic evaluation methods in the study of pigmentation disorder were first systematically analyzed. In brief, this review aims to collect natural products for skin pigmentation treatment and investigate their formulation design and efficacy evaluation to provide insights for the development of new products for this complex skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Peng
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, China;
| | - Yuning Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.M.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Chenxin Yan
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology, Ltd., Beijing 102609, China;
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.M.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.M.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Hehe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.M.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Mengzhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (Y.M.); (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266112, China;
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology, Ltd., Beijing 102609, China;
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
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Zhou R, Zhou D, Ding Z, Bao X, Jin Q. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on melanin interference toxicity and transgenerational toxicity of ethylhexyl salicylate based on DNA methylation sequencing. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106402. [PMID: 36709616 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) are new hydrophobic organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. When ingested by aquatic organisms, OUVFs can induce a variety of toxic effects in organisms and be transferred to offspring. However, as the main active ingredient in sunscreens, OUVFs have rarely been investigated for their melanin interference toxicity or transgenerational toxic effects on aquatic organisms and their interactive toxic effects with nanoplastics (NPs). Here, we show the mechanism by which OUVFs interfere with melanogenesis in parental or offspring zebrafish and the effect of polystyrene (PS) NPs on the melanin-interference effect of OUVFs. We found that EHS induced significant enrichment of the melanogenesis pathway, inhibited the expression of the key melanin gene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor a (mitfa) and induced the mitf tyrosinase (tyr)-dopachrome tautomerase (dct)-tyrosinase related protein 1 (tyrp1) signaling cascade in parents, which ultimately induced a decrease in melanin content. After reproduction, transgenerational melanin interference effects of EHS may occur through the maternal inheritance of mitfa. Coexisting PS-NPs may inhibit the melanin interference toxicity or transgenerational toxicity of EHS by reducing ultraviolet irritation to the skin through adsorption of EHS. Our results demonstrate the ecotoxic potential of OUVFs in terms of melanin interference and the interference of PS-NP carrier effects on the toxicity of OUVFs. We anticipate that our assay will contribute to the assessment of the toxic effects of OUVFs and provide a basis for the interactive ecotoxicity assessment of PS-NPs and hydrophobic organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhuhong Ding
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xuhui Bao
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, No.1-6, Lane 65, Linxin Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Qijie Jin
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Xie Z, Zhou R, Ding Z, Zhou D, Jin Q. Melanin interference toxicity or transgenerational toxicity of organic UV filter ethylhexyl salicylate on zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157365. [PMID: 35842152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of human health awareness, the production and usage of sunscreens have increased dramatically, and their active ingredients, organic ultraviolet (UV) filters (OUVFs), have the potential to induce melanin abnormalities in aquatic organisms due to their UV-absorbing properties as they enter the aquatic environment directly with the washing of skin during water activities. In this paper, the melanin interference toxicity or transgenerational toxicity effects of typical OUVFs ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated based on transcriptomic sequencing technology. Results showed that EHS induced significant enrichment of the melanin-related pathway cAMP signaling pathway in parental skin tissue through UV absorption, with sensitive genes identified as melanocortin 1 receptor, protein kinase A catalytic subunit beta a, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta 2, adenylate cyclase 1 and G protein subunit alpha I a. qRT-PCR verification results showed that EHS may inhibit the expression of the melanin master regulator microphthalmia-associated transcription factor a (mitfa) and its induced signaling cascade mitf-tyrosinase (tyr)-dopachrome tautomerase (dct)-tyrosinase related protein 1 (tyrp1) by inducing abnormal expression of the above sensitive genes, thereby reducing melanogenesis. After reproduction, the melanin interference effect of EHS on the parents can be carried over to offsprings through maternal inheritance of abnormally expressed mitfa and parental transfer of pollutants, as evidenced by significant enrichment of melanogenesis pathway, abnormal expression of sensitive genes mitfa, tyr, dct and tyrp1b and significant decreases in melanin content and spinal melanin area. These findings revealed the specific melanin interference toxicity of OUVFs with UV-absorbing properties, facilitating a comprehensive ecological risk assessment of OUVFs and providing scientific support for the management of new pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhuhong Ding
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qijie Jin
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Kim M, Lim KM. Melanocytotoxic chemicals and their toxic mechanisms. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:417-435. [PMID: 36277364 PMCID: PMC9532501 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocyte cell death can lead to various melanocyte-related skin diseases including vitiligo and leukoderma. Melanocytotoxic chemicals are one of the most well-known causes of nongenetic melanocyte-related diseases, which induce melanocyte cell death through apoptosis. Various chemicals used in cosmetics, medicine, industry and food additives are known to induce melanocyte cell death, which poses a significant risk to the health of consumers and industrial workers. This review summarizes recently reported melanocytotoxic chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity in an effort to provide insight into the development of safer chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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Hanif N, Iswantini D, Hioki Y, Murni A, Kita M, Tanaka J. Flavokawains, Plant-derived Chalcones, Inhibit Differentiation of Murine Pre-adipocytes. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Iswantini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
| | - Yusuke Hioki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
| | - Masaki Kita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Insights on the Inhibitory Power of Flavonoids on Tyrosinase Activity: A Survey from 2016 to 2021. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247546. [PMID: 34946631 PMCID: PMC8705159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase enzyme that initiates melanin synthesis in humans. Excessive accumulation of melanin pigments or the overexpression of tyrosinase may result in skin-related disorders such as aging spots, wrinkles, melasma, freckles, lentigo, ephelides, nevus, browning and melanoma. Nature expresses itself through the plants as a source of phytochemicals with diverse biological properties. Among these bioactive compounds, flavonoids represent a huge natural class with different categories such as flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones and chalcones that display antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities with a diversity of mechanistic approaches. In this review, we explore the role of novel or known flavonoids isolated from different plant species and their participation as tyrosinase inhibitors reported in the last five years from 2016 to 2021. We also discuss the mechanistic approaches through the different studies carried out on these compounds, including in vitro, in vivo and in silico computational research. Information was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. We hope that the updated comprehensive data presented in this review will help researchers to develop new safe, efficacious, and effective drug or skin care products for the prevention of and/or protection against skin-aging disorders.
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Zhang L, Kim SH, Park KH, Zhi-Wei Y, Jie Z, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Glutathione S-Transferase P Influences Redox Homeostasis and Response to Drugs that Induce the Unfolded Protein Response in Zebrafish. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:121-132. [PMID: 33514607 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have created a novel glutathione S-transferase π1 (gstp1) knockout (KO) zebrafish model and used it for comparative analyses of redox homeostasis and response to drugs that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under basal conditions, gstp1 KO larvae had higher expression of antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) accompanied by a more reduced larval environment and a status consistent with reductive stress. Compared with wild type, various UPR markers were decreased in KO larvae, but treatment with drugs that induce ER stress caused greater toxicities and increased expression of Nrf2 and UPR markers in KO. Tunicamycin and 02-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl}1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PABA/nitric oxide) activated inositol-requiring protein-1/X-box binding protein 1 pathways, whereas thapsigargin caused greater activation of protein kinase-like ER kinase/activating transcription factor 4/CHOP pathways. These results suggest that this teleost model is useful for predicting how GSTP regulates organismal management of oxidative/reductive stress and is a determinant of response to drug-induced ER stress and the UPR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A new zebrafish model has been created to study the importance of glutathione S-transferase π1 in development, redox homeostasis, and response to drugs that enact cytotoxicity through endoplasmic reticulum stress and induction of the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ki-Hoon Park
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ye Zhi-Wei
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhang Jie
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Leilei Zhang, Seok-Hyung Kim, Ki-Hoon Park, Zhi-wei Ye, Jie Zhang, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., Z.Y., J.Z., K.D.T.), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (S.-H.K., K.-H.P.), and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (D.M.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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