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Chen L, Zhang X, Tian Z, Wang J. Effect of artificial aging on optical properties of ultra-translucent zirconia ceramics of different brands. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2024; 42:353-358. [PMID: 39049656 PMCID: PMC11190871 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2024.2023372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aimed to evaluate the effect of artificial aging on the translucency and color difference (ΔE) of ultra-translucent zirconia and provide a reference for clinical application. METHODS The discs of ultra-translucent zirconia from six brands (Wieland, 3M ESPE, Amann Girrbach, Kuraray Noritake, Upcera, and Besmile) were cut and sintered according to each manufacturer's product instructions; the experimental groups were named ZNT, LVP, AG, KAT, UPC, and BSM, respectively. IPS e.max Press was used as the control group (PLT). The specimens (n=6) were prepared with a diameter of 14 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. The specimens were subjected to artificial aging treatment according to the following conditions: in an autoclave at 134 ℃ at 0.2 MPa for 4, 8, and 12 h. According to the CIE1976Lab system, the CIE L*, a*, and b* values of the specimens before and after aging were measured by a co-lorimeter. The translucency parameter (TP) and ΔE were calculated. RESULTS The mean TP values of each group before aging inorder were PLT>KAT>AG>ZNT>BSM>UPC>LVP. We found no significant difference in translucency in all experimental groups after aging for 4 and 8 h compared with those before aging. After 12 h of aging, the TP values of the KAT and ZNT groups were not significantly different from those before aging, but the TP values of the AG, BSM, LVP, and UPC groups were significantly lower than those before aging (P<0.05). The TP value of the control group was significantly higher than that of the other experimental groups at different stages (P<0.05). ΔE=3.3 was considered the visible color difference, and ΔE was less than 3.3 in all groups after 4 h of aging. After aging for 8 h, ΔE of the UPC group was slightly higher than 3.3. ΔE of the BSM and UPC groups was greater than 3.3 after 12 h of aging. CONCLUSIONS The TP and ΔE of different brands of ultra-translucent zirconia may change after various aging times. The translucency of some zirconia showed a decreasing trend and the color difference showed an increasing trend with the aging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luona Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengyu Tian
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Al-Johani H, Alhotan A, Alhijji S, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. Staining and bleaching susceptibility of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics with different thicknesses, translucencies, and fabrication methods. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:530.e1-530.e11. [PMID: 38262839 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The influence of different thicknesses, translucencies, and fabrication methods on the spectrophotometric and topographical properties of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics (ZLSs) for dental restorations remains unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of thicknesses, translucencies, and fabrication methods on the color stability, translucency parameter, opalescence parameter, whiteness stability, transmitted irradiance, light transmittance, opacity, gloss, and roughness of ZLSs exposed to coffee staining and bleaching treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two pressable ZLSs (VITA AMBRIA, VA and Celtra Press, CP) and 2 machinable ZLSs (VITA Suprinity, VS and Celtra Duo, CD) were examined at high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) levels in 2 thicknesses (n=160). The specimens were evaluated at baseline, after coffee staining, and after bleaching. The color stability (ΔE2000), translucency parameter (TP), opalescence parameter (OP), whiteness index (WID), and whiteness stability (ΔWID) were measured with a spectrophotometer. Transmitted irradiance (It), light transmission (T), and opacity (O) were obtained from a light-polymerizing unit and a polymerization light collection device. Roughness stability (ΔSa%) was determined with an optical profilometer, and gloss stability (ΔGU%) was recorded with a gloss meter. Data of ΔCIE2000, ΔWID, ΔSa%, and ΔGU% were analyzed by 4-way ANOVA, and data of the TP, OP, WID, It, T, and O were analyzed by repeated 4-way ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS VS-HT exceeded the ΔCIE2000 acceptability threshold after coffee staining and bleaching protocols. Pressable ZLSs exhibited greater color stability than machinable ZLSs. The 1-mm-thick VA, CP, and CD materials exceeded the ΔWID perceptibility threshold after bleaching. The highest TP and OP was displayed by the 1-mm-thick CP after bleaching. ΔGU increased after water storage and decreased after coffee staining and bleaching. ΔSa% significantly increased after bleaching (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The color stability and other spectrophotometric properties of ZLSs depended on material thickness. The effects of ZLS fabrication methods and translucency levels on their measured properties were inconsistent. Subjecting 1-mm-thick ZLS materials to acidic media adversely impacted their stainability and surface texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Johani
- PhD student, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK.
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Assistant Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alhijji
- Assistant Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Full Professor, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Julian Satterthwaite
- Full Professor, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
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Du Q, Cui T, Niu G, Qui J, Yang B. Improving Bond Strength of Translucent Zirconia Through Surface Treatment With SiO2-ZrO2 Coatings. Oper Dent 2023; 48:666-676. [PMID: 37961015 DOI: 10.2341/22-121-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translucent monolithic zirconia ceramics have been applied in dental clinics due to their esthetic translucent formulations and mechanical properties. Considering inherent ceramic brittleness, adhesive bonding with resin composite increases the fracture resistance of ceramic restorations. However, zirconia is a chemically stable material that is difficult to adhesively bond with resin. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influences of SiO2-ZrO2 coatings on adhesive bonding of zirconia and the surface characterization of those coatings. METHODS AND MATERIALS Translucent zirconia discs were classified into groups based on surface treatments: CT (control), SB (sandblasting), C21(SiO2:ZrO2=2:1), C11(SiO2:ZrO2=1:1), and C12 (SiO2:ZrO2=1:2) (n=10). Surface characterization of coatings on zirconia were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), surface roughness assessment (Ra), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water contact angle (WCA), translucency parameter (TP), and shear bond strength (SBS). Two-way ANOVA for shear bond strength results and ANOVA for Ra and WCA were performed. RESULTS SEM images revealed SiO2 islands on zirconia disks coated with SiO2-ZrO2. Surface roughness of C12, C11, and C21 groups was significantly larger than those of groups SB and CT (p<0.05). XRD results showed that phase transformation of zirconia disks was detected only in the SB group. In addition, SiO2-ZrO2 coatings reduced WCA. The translucency decreased only in group C21. Group C11 showed the highest shear bond strength under both aging conditions. CONCLUSION SiO2-ZrO2 coating is a promising method to enhance the adhesive resin bonding of translucent zirconia without causing phase transformation of translucent zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Du
- †Qiao Du, DDS, Department of Stomatology, Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - T Cui
- †Tiehan Cui, DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - G Niu
- *Guangliang Niu, DDS, Department of Stomatology,Beijing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Qui
- *Jiaxuan Qui, DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - B Yang
- *Bin Yang, DDS, Restorative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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Batyrbekova G, Hekimoğlu C. Evaluation of gingival porcelains: Color change and surface properties. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37795925 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling (TC) on the color stability, translucency, and surface roughness of two different gingival porcelain materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gingival porcelains IPS e.max Ceram Gingiva (Ceram) and IPS InLine Gingiva (InLine) were tested. A total of 66 disc-shaped specimens were prepared and glazed using porcelain powders of G1, G3, and G5 colors. The samples were divided into two porcelain groups by their types and into three subgroups (n11) by their colors. Thermal cycling was performed at 6000 cycles simulating an oral environment of 5 years. The color and surface roughness measurements of the samples were made before and after the thermal cycling. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness (mean surface roughness [Ra; μm]) was measured using a contact profilometer. Data before thermal cycling were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn Bonferonni paired comparison test. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and a pairwise comparison test with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate the change in roughness and translucency parameter (TP) data between groups due to thermal cycling. RESULTS The color change was below the clinically perceptible color change threshold (∆E00 = 2.1) in all groups after thermal cycling. However, all materials had significantly increased roughness (p < 0.05). An increase in roughness was detected in the Ceram group and was higher than that in the InLine group. The change in the translucency parameters of the samples after thermal cycling was not statistically significant; a small increase was observed in all groups. The highest translucency values were seen in the G1, G3, and G5 colors. CONCLUSIONS Thermal cycling caused a significant increase in the roughness values (Ra) of all materials and a minimal increase in their translucency. The color change of gingival porcelains after thermal cycling was less than the clinically perceptible threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulaiym Batyrbekova
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Canan Hekimoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye
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Nawafleh N, Hatamleh M, Janzeer Y, Alrahlah A, Alahadal K. Marginal Discrepancy of Five Contemporary Dental Ceramics for Anterior Restorations. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1114-1119. [PMID: 36599451 PMCID: PMC10756837 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare marginal accuracy of five contemporary all-ceramic crowns indicated for anterior restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A master die of maxillary central incisor was prepared for all-ceramic crown and duplicated to produce 50 replicas of epoxy resin material. Five ceramic materials were used to mill the crowns (n = 10). All crowns were manufactured following the same digital workflow; same master die, scanning unit and design software, and the recommended manufacturing protocol. Final seating of crown was secured by a small droplet of temporary cement on its incisal edge. Marginal accuracy was evaluated by scanning electronic microscope with a magnification of 300 × . Vertical marginal gap was measured for each crown at predefined four points. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS One-way analysis of variance was used to test differences between groups and Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons between group combinations. A level of significance at 95% was set for all statistics. RESULTS The highest mean marginal gap and mean maximum gap calculated were for the e.max CAD crowns (49.2 µm, 87.6 µm), while the lowest values were for the Cercon xt crowns (10.2 µm, 21.7 µm). The mean marginal gap and the mean maximum gap of the e.max CAD crowns were statistically significantly greater than those of all other groups (p < 0.05). However, the differences between all other combinations were insignificant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Marginal accuracy of lithium disilicate crowns is clinically acceptable. Zirconia and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate materials can produce a greater level of marginal accuracy compared to lithium disilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Nawafleh
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhanad Hatamleh
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Luminus Technical University College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yasmeen Janzeer
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khold Alahadal
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kim SY, Bae HJ, Lee HH, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Choi YS, Lee JH, Shin SY. The Effects of Thermocycling on the Physical Properties and Biocompatibilities of Various CAD/CAM Restorative Materials. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2122. [PMID: 37631336 PMCID: PMC10459511 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in physical properties and biocompatibilities caused by thermocycling of CAD/CAM restorative materials (lithium disilicate, zirconia reinforced lithium silicate, polymer-infiltrated ceramic network, resin nanoceramic, highly translucent zirconia). A total of 225 specimens were prepared (12.0 × 10.0 × 1.5 mm) and divided into three groups subjected to water storage at 37 °C for 24 h (control group), 10,000 cycles in distilled water at 5-55 °C (first aged group), and 22,000 cycles in distilled water at 5-55 °C (second aged group) [(n= 15, each]). The nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus (nanoindenter), surface roughness (atomic force microscopy (AFM)), surface texture (scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)), elemental concentration (energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)) and contact angle were evaluated. The morphology, proliferation and adhesion of cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were analyzed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus were decreased after thermocycling aging. Cell viability and proliferation of the material decreased with aging except for the highly translucent zirconia. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate exhibited significantly lower cell viability compared to other materials. The surface roughnesses of all groups increased with aging. Cell viability and Cell adhesion were influenced by various factors, including the surface chemical composition, hydrophilicity, surface roughness, and topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Han-Jin Bae
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.B.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.B.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu-Sung Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.B.); (H.-H.L.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Shin
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-H.L.)
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Porojan L, Toma FR, Bîrdeanu MI, Vasiliu RD, Uțu ID, Matichescu A. Surface Characteristics and Color Stability of Dental PEEK Related to Water Saturation and Thermal Cycling. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112144. [PMID: 35683817 PMCID: PMC9183185 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate the surface characteristics, microhardness, and color stability of PEEK materials related to water saturation and in vitro aging. (2) Methods: Custom specimens of unmodified and modified PEEK CAD/CAM materials were investigated: BioHPP, a ceramic reinforced PEEK, and Finoframe PEEK and Juvora medical PEEK, 100% PEEK materials. Forty-eight plates were sectioned in rectangular slices. The specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37 °C for a period of 28 days, and then subjected to aging by thermal cycling (10,000 cycles). Surface roughness was measured with a contact profilometer; nanosurface topographic characterization was made by Atomic Force Microscopy; Vickers hardness measurements were performed with a micro-hardness tester; color changes were calculated. All registrations were made before immersion in water and then subsequently once a week for 4 weeks, and after thermocycling. (3) Results: The studied reinforced and unfilled PEEK materials reached water saturation after the first week of immersion, without significant differences between them. The most affected from this point of view was the reinforced PEEK material. Thermocycling induces a significant increase inmicroroughness, without significant differences between the studied materials. In relation to the nanosurface topography and roughness, the reinforced PEEK material was the least modified by aging. The color changes after 4 weeks of water immersion and one year of simulated in vitro aging ranged from extremely slight to slight, for all materials. (4) Conclusions: Water absorption was associated with a decrease in microhardness. Surface characteristics are affected by water immersion and thermocycling. Perceivable or marked color changes of the materials were not detected during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (F.R.T.); (R.D.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Flavia Roxana Toma
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (F.R.T.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Mihaela Ionela Bîrdeanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300569 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (F.R.T.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Ion-Dragoș Uțu
- Department of Materials and Fabrication Engineering, Politehnica University Timişoara, Bulevard MihaiViteazul nr.1, 300222 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Optical Behavior and Surface Analysis of Dental Resin Matrix Ceramics Related to Thermocycling and Finishing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Color preservation of esthetic dental restorative materials in the oral environment represents, besides longevity, a concern, and there is still limited knowledge related to the effect of aging on the optical behavior of resin matrix ceramics. The study analyzed the finishing and thermocycling of resin matrix ceramic material surfaces, in order to assess their consequences on optical properties. Five resin matrix CAD/CAM ceramics, namely a polymer-infiltrated ceramic and four types of nanoparticle-filled resins, were selected for the study, and finished by polishing and glazing. Thermocycling was chosen as the in vitro aging method. Surface microroughness, optical and hardness evaluations were achieved before and after artificial aging. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics software at a significance value of p < 0.05. Micro-roughness values increased after thermocycling, but were kept under the clinically accepted values. The optical characteristics of resin matrix ceramics were not significantly modified by thermocycling. Values of the glazed samples became closer to those of the polished ones, after hydrothermal aging, even if the differences were insignificant. Thermocycling significantly decreased the microhardness, mainly for glazed samples. This could be the consequence of glaze removal during thermocycling, which means that glazes provide a surface protection for a limited time.
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Hinz S, Bensel T, Bömicke W, Henningsen A, Rudolph J, Boeckler AF. Impact of the Veneering Technique and Framework Material on the Failure Loads of All-Ceramic Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Fixed Partial Dentures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030756. [PMID: 35160701 PMCID: PMC8836578 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics are considered as posterior fixed partial denture (FPD) materials; however, their applications are limited due to chipping. The use of monolithic lithium disilicate (LiDi) glass ceramics in posterior FPDs can be advantageous. This in vitro study aims to compare the loads until failure of posterior Y-TZP-FPDs and LiDi-FPDs before and after aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hinz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 16, 06112 Halle, Germany; (J.R.); (A.F.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Tobias Bensel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 16, 06112 Halle, Germany; (J.R.); (A.F.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anders Henningsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Judith Rudolph
- Department of Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 16, 06112 Halle, Germany; (J.R.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Arne F. Boeckler
- Department of Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 16, 06112 Halle, Germany; (J.R.); (A.F.B.)
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Masking Abilities of Dental Cad/Cam Resin Composite Materials Related to Substrate and Luting Material. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030364. [PMID: 35160353 PMCID: PMC8838689 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding treatment challenge related to aesthetic monolithic materials is to mask discolored substrates in aesthetic areas. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the substrate masking ability of different resin composite materials and the influence of their association with luting agents and substrates. Five types of 2M2 HT (high translucency) resin composite materials were selected: Vita Enamic [E] and four types of nanoparticle-filled composites Lava Ultimate [L], Cerasmart [C], Shofu HC [S], and Hyramic [H]. Resin composite Vita VM LC with different shades was used for the substrates: 2M2, 3M2, and CP2. Variolink Esthetic Try-inpastes neutral, light+, and warm+ colors were chosen to simulate the luting agent color. Optical parameters (TP (translucency), CR (contrast ratio), and OP (opalesce)) and color differences ΔE (chromatic difference) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the comparisons between the groups and establish correlations. TP average values for all materials were in the range of 21.49–24.53. OP average values were in the rage of 6.31–7.85. OP is moderate positive correlated to TP and CR is negative and strong correlated to TP. Related to materials, average color changes decrease as following: E > H > C > L > S. Referring to the tryin material, warm colors induce marked color changes of the restoration. The differences of the color changes determined by all studied substrates are significant. For the final aesthetic aspect of the restoration, it is essential to consider the underlying dental structure, luting agent, and restoration material as a whole unit. The masking ability of the investigated resin matrix ceramic materials materials shows differences, the best behavior demonstrated Shofu HC and Lava Ultimate. Marked color changes are related to high chroma substrates. For substrates with a darker color, the association with warm try-in pastes lead to marked color changes, but with neutral and light try-in pastes at most perceivable.
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Surface Characterisation of Dental Resin Composites Related to Conditioning and Finishing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234236. [PMID: 34883740 PMCID: PMC8659525 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the little information related to surface processing and conditioning of resin matrix ceramic materials previous glazing, the main purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the surface morphology of different resin composite materials. Five types of resin composite CAD-CAM materials: a resin composite ceramic Vita Enamic (E) and four types of nanoparticle-filled resins, like Lava Ultimate (L), Cerasmart (C), Shofu HC (S), Hyramic (H) were taken into consideration. Specimens received the following surface treatment protocols: conventional polishing [p], polishing and glazing [pg], conditioning with CoJet [c], conditioning with CoJet and glazing [cg], sandblasting [s], sandblasting and glazing [sg], etching [e], etching and glazing [eg]. Surface roughness was analyzed for all samples and nanosurface topographic characterization was made by Atomic Force Microscopy. The highest roughness was registered for sandblasted surfaces [s], followed by tribochemical silica airborne particle abrasion [c], and etching [e]. A very strong correlated conditioning behavior of resin nanoceramic materials, like L, C and S samples was found. The microroughness decreased thus [s] > [c] > [e]. These are moderate correlated with H, and are moderate negative correlated to E, where e is more efficient. Three-dimensional images indicated visible grain boundaries after conditioning, for all materials. After polishing and glazing, surfaces became smoother. For all tested conditioning and finishing methods, surface roughness values were within clinically acceptable limits. Finishing by polishing was proved to be a good choice for all materials taken into consideration, polishing and glazing likewise, excepting Hyramic. For Enamic and Shofu HC sandblasting or tribochemical conditioning and glazing and for Hyramic polishing and glazing are not the best options, related to nanoroughness values. Referring to the nanosurface topography, for Enamic, Cerasmart and Hyramic, glazing would be the method of choice, associated with the adequate conditioning method for each material.
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Porojan L, Toma FR, Vasiliu RD, Topală FI, Porojan SD, Matichescu A. Optical Properties and Color Stability of Dental PEEK Related to Artificial Ageing and Staining. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234102. [PMID: 34883606 PMCID: PMC8658820 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that the processes of PEEK discoloration caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors require elucidation, the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of the combined action of ageing and immersing solutions on the optical properties and color stability of PEEK material, related to surface processing (polishing or glazing). (2) Methods: This study aims to determine the influence of different ageing and staining protocols on optical properties, color changes, and surface roughness of a reinforced PEEK material (bioHPP, Bredent, Senden, Germany). For ageing, specimens were submitted to 5000 cycles in a 55 °C bath and a 5 °C bath filled with distilled water. For staining, thermal cycling was performed in a hot coffee bath (55 °C) and a bath filled with distilled water (37 °C) and in a cold juice bath (5 °C) and a bath filled with distilled water (37 °C). Translucency (TP) and opalescence (OP) parameters were determined, the total color change value (ΔΕ*) was calculated, specimens’ surface roughness was analyzed, and statistical analyses were performed. (3) Results: The mean TP values of the studied samples were in the interval of 1.25–3.60, which is lower than those reported for natural teeth or other aesthetic restoration materials. The OP values of PEEK were registered in the range of 0.27–0.75, being also lower than those of natural teeth or other aesthetic restoration materials. OP has a very strong positive relationship with TP. The mean registered Ra values for all subgroups were below 0.13 µm. Artificial ageing and staining in hot coffee proved to increase the roughness values. (4) Conclusions: The glazing of PEEK has a favorable effect on surface roughness and opalescence, irrespective of the artificial ageing or staining protocols. Artificial ageing damages the color stability and roughness of PEEK, regardless of surface processing, and decreases the translucency and opalescence of glazed surfaces. Immersion in hot coffee leads to perceivable discolorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.R.T.)
| | - Flavia Roxana Toma
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.R.T.)
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Florin-Ionel Topală
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Sorin Daniel Porojan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania;
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Optical behaviors, surface treatment, adhesion, and clinical indications of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS): A narrative review. J Dent 2021; 112:103722. [PMID: 34118284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present narrative review was focused on the optical properties, surface treatment, adhesion, and clinical indications of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics (ZLS) for Computer-aided design / Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. DATA/SOURCES A literature search was performed by 3 calibrated independent researchers on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, Dynamed, and Open Grey. The criteria for inclusion were: 1) papers addressing at least one of the following variables about ZLS: optical properties, surface treatment, adhesion, and clinical indications; 2) in vitro, in silico, or in vivo studies; 3) case reports; 4) systematic reviews. The exclusion criteria were: 1) animal studies; 2) non-dental studies; 3) studies only focusing on ZLS used in the heat-pressed process. STUDY SELECTION 98 records among in vitro studies and case reports were included. CONCLUSIONS Despite the promising microstructure characteristics of ZLS, increased translucency compared to lithium disilicate ceramics (LS2) was not proven, but acceptable color changes and stability were reported. Mechanical polishing was the most effective method to reduce surface roughness. Moreover, machinability and handling of ZLS resulted harder than LS2. Conventional acid etching procedures seemed effective in conditioning ZLS surface, but no protocol has been established yet. Besides, silane-coupling and dual-curing resin cements were recommended. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ZLSs can be used for anterior and posterior fixed single-unit CAD/CAM restorations onto both natural teeth and implants, but do not seem to represent a viable treatment option for endocrowns onto posterior teeth or fixed dental prostheses.
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Jakovac M, Klaser T, Radatović B, Skoko Ž, Pavić L, Žic M. Surface Characterization and Conductivity of Two Types of Lithium-Based Glass Ceramics after Accelerating Ageing. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245632. [PMID: 33321786 PMCID: PMC7763873 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two different dental ceramics, based on zirconia-reinforced lithium-silicate (LS1) glass-ceramics (Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) and lithium disilicate (LS2) ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were examined. They were tested prior to and after the crystallization by sintering in the dental furnace. Additionally, the impact of ageing on ceramic degradability was investigated by immersing it in 4% acetic acid at 80 °C for 16 h. The degradability of the materials was monitored by Impedance Spectroscopy (IS), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) techniques. It was detected that LS2 (vs. LS1) samples had a lower conductivity, which can be explained by reduced portions of structural defects. XRPD analyses also showed that the ageing increased the portion of defects in ceramics, which facilitated the ion diffusion and degradation of samples. To summarize, this study suggests that the non-destructive IS technique can be employed to probe the ageing properties of the investigated LS1 and LS2 ceramics materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jakovac
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Teodoro Klaser
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (Ž.S.)
| | - Borna Radatović
- Center for Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Željko Skoko
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (Ž.S.)
| | - Luka Pavić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mark Žic
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
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