1
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Ahmadi M, Ritter CA, von Woedtke T, Bekeschus S, Wende K. Package delivered: folate receptor-mediated transporters in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1966-2006. [PMID: 38332833 PMCID: PMC10848714 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoplasias pose a significant threat to aging society, underscoring the urgent need to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy through pioneering strategies. Targeted drug delivery is an evolving frontier in cancer therapy, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy while mitigating undesirable side effects. One promising avenue utilizes cell membrane receptors like the folate receptor to guide drug transporters precisely to malignant cells. Based on the cellular folate receptor as a cancer cell hallmark, targeted nanocarriers and small molecule-drug conjugates have been developed that comprise different (bio) chemistries and/or mechanical properties with individual advantages and challenges. Such modern folic acid-conjugated stimuli-responsive drug transporters provide systemic drug delivery and controlled release, enabling reduced dosages, circumvention of drug resistance, and diminished adverse effects. Since the drug transporters' structure-based de novo design is increasingly relevant for precision cancer remediation and diagnosis, this review seeks to collect and debate the recent approaches to deliver therapeutics or diagnostics based on folic acid conjugated Trojan Horses and to facilitate the understanding of the relevant chemistry and biochemical pathways. Focusing exemplarily on brain and breast cancer, recent advances spanning 2017 to 2023 in conjugated nanocarriers and small molecule drug conjugates were considered, evaluating the chemical and biological aspects in order to improve accessibility to the field and to bridge chemical and biomedical points of view ultimately guiding future research in FR-targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Section Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße 17475 Greifswald Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center Strempelstr. 13 18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
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2
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Ünak P, Yasakçı V, Tutun E, Karatay KB, Walczak R, Wawrowicz K, Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Majkowska-Pilip A, Bilewicz A. Multimodal Radiobioconjugates of Magnetic Nanoparticles Labeled with 44Sc and 47Sc for Theranostic Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030850. [PMID: 36986710 PMCID: PMC10053001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to synthesize multimodal radiopharmaceutical designed for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were used as a platform for targeting molecule (PSMA-617) and for complexation of two scandium radionuclides, 44Sc for PET imaging and 47Sc for radionuclide therapy. TEM and XPS images showed that the Fe3O4 NPs have a uniform cubic shape and a size from 38 to 50 nm. The Fe3O4 core are surrounded by SiO2 and an organic layer. The saturation magnetization of the SPION core was 60 emu/g. However, coating the SPIONs with silica and polyglycerol reduces the magnetization significantly. The obtained bioconjugates were labeled with 44Sc and 47Sc, with a yield higher than 97%. The radiobioconjugate exhibited high affinity and cytotoxicity toward the human prostate cancer LNCaP (PSMA+) cell line, much higher than for PC-3 (PSMA-) cells. High cytotoxicity of the radiobioconjugate was confirmed by radiotoxicity studies on LNCaP 3D spheroids. In addition, the magnetic properties of the radiobioconjugate should allow for its use in guide drug delivery driven by magnetic field gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Ünak
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (P.Ü.); (A.B.)
| | - Volkan Yasakçı
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Elif Tutun
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - K. Buşra Karatay
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Rafał Walczak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Żelechowska-Matysiak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.Ü.); (A.B.)
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3
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Setia A, Mehata AK, Vikas, Malik AK, Viswanadh MK, Muthu MS. Theranostic magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, toxicity, and emerging trends for biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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4
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Cho H, Lee N, Kim BH. Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse Nickel and Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183198. [PMID: 36144985 PMCID: PMC9503933 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nickel and nickel phosphide nanoparticles are highly useful in various fields, owing to their catalytic and magnetic properties. Although several synthetic protocols to produce nickel and nickel phosphide nanoparticles have been previously proposed, controllable synthesis of nanoparticles using these methods is challenging. Herein, we synthesized highly monodisperse nickel and nickel phosphide nanoparticles via thermal decomposition of nickel-oleylamine-phosphine complexes in organic solvents. The size and composition of the nickel and nickel phosphide nanoparticles were easily controlled by changing the aging temperature, precursor concentration, and phosphine surfactant type. Large-sized monodisperse nickel nanoparticles obtained using our method were successfully applied for the purification of histidine-tagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Cho
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Byung Hyo Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
- Department of Green Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-829-8218
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5
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Emerging trends in the nanomedicine applications of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as novel therapies for acute and chronic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:393. [PMID: 36045375 PMCID: PMC9428876 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality point-of-care is critical for timely decision of disease diagnosis and healthcare management. In this regard, biosensors have revolutionized the field of rapid testing and screening, however, are confounded by several technical challenges including material cost, half-life, stability, site-specific targeting, analytes specificity, and detection sensitivity that affect the overall diagnostic potential and therapeutic profile. Despite their advances in point-of-care testing, very few classical biosensors have proven effective and commercially viable in situations of healthcare emergency including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome these challenges functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as key players in advancing the biomedical and healthcare sector with promising applications during the ongoing healthcare crises. This critical review focus on understanding recent developments in theranostic applications of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Given the profound global economic and health burden, we discuss the therapeutic impact of functionalized MNPs in acute and chronic diseases like small RNA therapeutics, vascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer, as well as for COVID-19 testing. Lastly, we culminate with a futuristic perspective on the scope of this field and provide an insight into the emerging opportunities whose impact is anticipated to disrupt the healthcare industry.
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6
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Theranostic Applications of an Ultra-Sensitive T1 and T2 Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Based on Cobalt Ferrite Spinel Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164026. [PMID: 36011020 PMCID: PMC9406498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-dimensional materials have become a focus of multiple clinical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. Magnetic nanoparticles represent an important class of nanomaterials that are widely studied for use as magnetic resonance (MR) contrast and drug delivery agents, especially as they can be detected and manipulated remotely. Using magnetic cobalt ferrite spinel (MCFS) nanoparticles, this study was aimed at developing a multifunctional drug delivery platform with MRI capability for use in cancer treatment. We found that MCFS nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding properties for contrast MRI (r1 = 22.1 s-1mM-1 and r2 = 499 s-1mM-1) that enabled high-resolution T1- and T2-weighted MRI-based signal detection. Furthermore, MCFS nanoparticles were used for the development of a multifunctional targeted drug delivery platform for cancer treatment that is concurrently empowered with the MR contrast properties. Their therapeutic effect in systemic chemotherapy and unique MRI double-contrast properties were confirmed in vivo using a breast cancer mouse tumor model. Our study thus provides an empirical basis for the development of a novel multimodal composite drug delivery system for anticancer therapy combined with noninvasive MRI capability.
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7
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Barbaro D, Di Bari L, Gandin V, Marzano C, Ciaramella A, Malventi M, Evangelisti C. Glucose-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by metal vapor synthesis can target GLUT1 overexpressing tumors: In vitro tests and in vivo preliminary assessment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269603. [PMID: 35704647 PMCID: PMC9200296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with glucose (Glc-SPIONs) were prepared by a new approach called Metal Vapor Synthesis (MVS) and their morphological/structural features were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering. TEM analysis revealed the presence of small roundish crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles in the organic amorphous phase of glucose, The particles were distributed in a narrow range (1.5 nm—3.5 nm) with a mean diameter of 2.7 nm. The hydrodynamic mean diameter of the Glc-SPIONs, was 15.5 nm. From 4 mg/mL onwards, there was a constant level of positive contrast in a T1-weighted sequence. In vitro experiments were performed in three cell lines: pancreatic cancer (PSN-1), human thyroid cancer (BCPAP), and human embryonic kidney non-tumor cells. We evaluated GLUT1 expression in each cell line and demonstrated that the exposure time and concentration of the Glc-SPIONs we used did not affect cell viability. PSN-1 cells were the most effective at internalizing Glc-SPIONs. Although significantly higher than the control cells, a lower Fe content was detected BCPAP cells treated with Glc-SPIONs. To confirm the involvement of GLUT1 in Glc-SPIONs internalization, cellular uptake experiments were also conducted by pre-treating cancer cells with specific GLUT1 inhibitors, All the inhibitors reduced the cancer cell uptake of Glc-SPIONs In vivo tests were performed on mice inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma. Mice were treated with a single i.v. injection of Glc-SPION and our results showed a great bioavailability to the malignant tissue by the i.v. administration of Glc-SPIONs. Glc-SPIONs were efficiently eliminated by the kidney. To the best of our knowledge, our study demonstrates for the first time that Glc-SPIONs prepared with MVS can be electively internalized by tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo by exploiting one of the most universal metabolic anomalies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Barbaro
- U.O. Endocrinology, General Hospital, Livorno, Livorno, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Evangelisti
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, Italian National Council for Research (ICCOM-CNR), Pisa, Italy
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8
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Ramezani Farani M, Azarian M, Heydari Sheikh Hossein H, Abdolvahabi Z, Mohammadi Abgarmi Z, Moradi A, Mousavi SM, Ashrafizadeh M, Makvandi P, Saeb MR, Rabiee N. Folic Acid-Adorned Curcumin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Cervical Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1305-1318. [PMID: 35201760 PMCID: PMC8941513 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease that has long plagued humans and has become more prevalent in recent years. The common treatment modalities for this disease have always faced many problems and complications, and this has led to the discovery of strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The use of magnetic nanoparticles in the past two decades has had a significant impact on this. One of the objectives of the present study is to introduce the special properties of these nanoparticles and how they are structured to load and transport drugs to tumors. In this study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with 6 nm sizes were coated with hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) and folic acid (FA). The functionalized nanoparticles (10-20 nm) were less likely to aggregate compared to non-functionalized nanoparticles. HPG@Fe3O4 and FA@HPG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles were compared in drug loading procedures with curcumin. HPG@Fe3O4 and FA@HPG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles' maximal drug-loading capacities were determined to be 82 and 88%, respectively. HeLa cells and mouse L929 fibroblasts treated with nanoparticles took up more FA@HPG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles than HPG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The FA@HPG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles produced in the current investigation have potential as anticancer drug delivery systems. For the purpose of diagnosis, incubation of HeLa cells with nanoparticles decreased MRI signal enhancement's percentage and the largest alteration was observed after incubation with FA@HPG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology
and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
(PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department
of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin
Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Hamid Heydari Sheikh Hossein
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Zohreh Abdolvahabi
- Metabolic
Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable
Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 241567, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi Abgarmi
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1668814811, P.O.
Box: 14115-331, Iran
| | - Arash Moradi
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute
of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1668814811, P.O.
Box: 14956-161, Iran
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey,Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy,
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department
of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran,School
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia,;
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9
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Moammeri A, Abbaspour K, Zafarian A, Jamshidifar E, Motasadizadeh H, Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Salehi Z, Makvandi P, Dinarvand R. pH-Responsive, Adorned Nanoniosomes for Codelivery of Cisplatin and Epirubicin: Synergistic Treatment of Tumorigenesis Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:675-690. [PMID: 35129960 PMCID: PMC8864616 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Combination chemotherapy
has become a treatment modality for breast
cancer. However, serious side effects and high cytotoxicity associated
with this combination therapy make it a high-risk method for breast
cancer treatment. This study evaluated the anticancer effect of decorated
niosomal nanocarriers loaded with cisplatin (CIS) and epirubicin (EPI) in vitro (on SKBR3 and 4T1 breast cancer cells) and in vivo on BALB/c mice. For this purpose, polyethylene glycol
(PEG) and folic acid (FA) were employed to prepare a functionalized
niosomal system to improve endocytosis. FA-PEGylated niosomes exhibited
desired encapsulation efficiencies of ∼91.2 and 71.9% for CIS
and EPI, respectively. Moreover, cellular assays disclosed that a
CIS and EPI-loaded niosome (NCE) and FA-PEGylated niosomal CIS and
EPI (FPNCE) enhanced the apoptosis rate and cell migration in SKBR3
and 4T1 cells compared to CIS, EPI, and their combination (CIS+EPI).
For FPNCE and NCE groups, the expression levels of Bax, Caspase3, Caspase9, and Mfn1 genes increased, whereas the expression of Bcl2, Drp1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes was downregulated. Histopathology results showed
a reduction in the mitosis index, invasion, and pleomorphism in BALB/c
inbred mice with NCE and FPNCE treatment. In this paper, for the first
time, we report a niosomal nanocarrier functionalized with PEG and
FA for codelivery of CIS and EPI to treat breast cancer. The results
demonstrated that the codelivery of CIS and EPI through FA-PEGylated
niosomes holds great potential for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 111554563, Iran
| | - Koorosh Abbaspour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 111554563, Iran
| | - Alireza Zafarian
- Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Elham Jamshidifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556451, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 111554563, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556451, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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10
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Akbarzadeh I, Farid M, Javidfar M, Zabet N, Shokoohian B, Arki MK, Shpichka A, Noorbazargan H, Aghdaei HA, Hossein-khannazer N, Timashev P, Makvandi P, Vosough M. The Optimized Formulation of Tamoxifen-Loaded Niosomes Efficiently Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:57. [PMID: 35048234 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim, as proof of concept, was to optimize niosomal formulations of tamoxifen in terms of size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics for further treatment of the breast cancer (BC). Different assays were carried out to evaluate the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxicity impact of tamoxifen-loaded niosomes in two BC cells, MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3. In this study, tamoxifen was loaded in niosomes after optimization in the formulation. The formulation of niosomes supported maximized drug entrapment and minimized their size. The novel formulation showed improvement in storage stability, and after 60 days only, small changes in size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment were observed. Besides, a pH-dependent release pattern of formulated niosomes displayed slow release at physiological pH (7.4) and a considerable increase of release at acidic pH (5.4), making them a promising candidate for drug delivery in the BC treatment. The cytotoxicity study exhibited high biocompatibility with MCF10A healthy cells, while remarkable inhibitory effects were observed after treatment of cancerous lines, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3 cells. The IC50 values for the tamoxifen-loaded niosomes were significantly less than other groups. Moreover, treatment with drug-loaded niosomes significantly changed the gene expression pattern of BC cells. Statistically significant down-regulation of cyclin D, cyclin E, VEGFR-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes and up-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were observed. These results were in correlation with cell cycle arrest, lessoned migration capacity, and increased caspase activity and apoptosis induction in cancerous cells. Optimization in the formulation of tamoxifen-loaded niosomes can make them a novel candidate for drug delivery in BC treatment.
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11
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Chi F, Chen L, Jin X, He G, Liu Z, Han S. CKAP2L, transcriptionally inhibited by FOXP3, promotes breast carcinogenesis through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Song B, Li M, Ren J, Liu Q, Wen X, Zhang W, Yuan J. A multifunctional nanoprobe based on europium( iii) complex–Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles for bimodal time-gated luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional nanoprobe for tumor-targeting time-gated luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mengyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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13
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SI-ATRP Decoration of Magnetic Nanoparticles with PHEMA and Post-Polymerization Modification with Folic Acid for Tumor Cells' Specific Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010155. [PMID: 35008582 PMCID: PMC8745432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted nanocarriers could reach new levels of drug delivery, bringing new tools for personalized medicine. It is known that cancer cells overexpress folate receptors on the cell surface compared to healthy cells, which could be used to create new nanocarriers with specific targeting moiety. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles can be guided under the influence of an external magnetic field in different areas of the body, allowing their precise localization. The main purpose of this paper was to decorate the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) by surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) followed by covalent bonding of folic acid to side groups of the polymer to create a high specificity magnetic nanocarrier with increased internalization capacity in tumor cells. The biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was demonstrated by testing them on the NHDF cell line and folate-dependent internalization capacity was tested on three tumor cell lines: MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2. It has also been shown that a higher concentration of folic acid covalently bound to the polymer leads to a higher internalization in tumor cells compared to healthy cells. Last but not least, magnetic resonance imaging was used to highlight the magnetic properties of the functionalized nanoparticles obtained.
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14
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Mahajan R, Selim A, Neethu KM, Sharma S, Shanmugam V, Jayamurugan G. A systematic study to unravel the potential of using polysaccharides based organic-nanoparticles versus hybrid-nanoparticles for pesticide delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475704. [PMID: 34371483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1bdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To daze conventional pesticide release limitations, nanotechnology-mediated pesticide delivery using natural polymers has been actively investigated. However, the lack of information on what are the beneficial/non-beneficial aspects of using hybrid- and organic-nanoparticles (NP) and among the polysaccharides which are better suited concerning pesticide loading efficiency (PLE wt%), entrapment efficiency, and sustained pesticide release (SPR %) has prompted us to investigate this study. In this report, we systematically investigated a series of polysaccharides such as starch (S), cellulose (C), aminocellulose (AC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) coated on magnetite NP (MNP, Fe3O4) and complete organic nanocarrier systems (starch and cellulose) that have no MNP part were compared for the PLE wt% and SPR % efficiencies for chlorpyrifos (ChP) insecticide. Overall, all nanocarriers (NCs) have shown good to excellent PLE wt% due to the smaller-sized NP obtained through optimal conditions. However, among the hybrid polysaccharides studied, starch MNP has shown a maximum PLE of 111 wt% in comparison with other polysaccharides (80-94 wt%) coated hybrid-NCs as well as with organic-NCs (81-87 wt%). The use of inorganic support does improve the PLE wt% markedly for starch but not for cellulose derivatives. Similarly, the SPR results of S-NP showed a remarkably better sustained release profile for ChP of 88% in 14 d. In contrast, other unfunctionalized and functionalized celluloses exhibited poor release profiles of 60%-20% for the same period. This study may help the researchers choose the right system for designing and achieving enhanced pesticide efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mahajan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Abdul Selim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - K M Neethu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vijayakumar Shanmugam
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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15
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Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Farahani MV, Hamzehlou S, Far FB, Sharifzadeh SO, Samarghandian S, Khan H, Aref AR, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Sethi G. Caffeic acid and its derivatives as potential modulators of oncogenic molecular pathways: New hope in the fight against cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105759. [PMID: 34245864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a phenolic acid compound, caffeic acid (CA) can be isolated from different sources such as tea, wine and coffee. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is naturally occurring derivative of CA isolated from propolis. This medicinal plant is well-known due to its significant therapeutic impact including its effectiveness as hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-diabetic agent. Among them, anti-tumor activity of CA has attracted much attention, and this potential has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. CA can induce apoptosis in cancer cells via enhancing ROS levels and impairing mitochondrial function. Molecular pathways such as PI3K/Akt and AMPK with role in cancer progression, are affected by CA and its derivatives in cancer therapy. CA is advantageous in reducing aggressive behavior of tumors via suppressing metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition mechanism. Noteworthy, CA and CAPE can promote response of cancer cells to chemotherapy, and sensitize them to chemotherapy-mediated cell death. In order to improve capacity of CA and CAPE in cancer suppression, it has been co-administered with other anti-tumor compounds such as gallic acid and p-coumaric acid. Due to its poor bioavailability, nanocarriers have been developed for enhancing its ability in cancer suppression. These issues have been discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways to pave the way for rapid translation of CA for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Bakhtiari Far
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Peng Y, Gao Y, Yang C, Guo R, Shi X, Cao X. Low-Molecular-Weight Poly(ethylenimine) Nanogels Loaded with Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for T1-Weighted MR Imaging-Guided Gene Therapy of Sarcoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27806-27813. [PMID: 34105346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is still a major obstacle in clinical cancer therapy and a paramount cause of cancer deaths. Designing multifunctional nanoplatforms with an enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and anti-metastasis efficiency against tumors represents a major trend in current cancer management. Herein, we report the preparation of low-molecular-weight poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanogels (NGs) loaded with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) siRNA and ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) for gene therapy and T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of tumors and tumor metastasis in a mouse sarcoma model. In this work, ultrasmall Fe3O4 NPs stabilized by sodium citrate were first prepared and then mixed with PEI (800 Da) and PEG (400 Da)-diacrylate as a cross-linker to form Fe3O4/PEI-PEG NGs with an average size of 76.3 nm via an inverse microemulsion method. The developed hybrid NGs display good cytocompatibility and enhanced MR imaging performance (r1 relaxivity = 1.0346 mM-1 s-1). The Fe3O4/PEI-PEG NGs can be further used to compact TGF-β1 siRNA through electrostatic interaction and efficiently deliver siRNA to cancer cells and a tumor model to silence the TGF-β1 gene, which inhibits the growth and invasion of cancer cell in vitro significantly, as well as the growth of a subcutaneous sarcoma tumor model and lung metastasis in vivo. The designed hybrid NG-ultrasmall iron oxide NPs may be extended for the delivery of other drugs or genes for theranostics of different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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17
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Delfi M, Sartorius R, Ashrafizadeh M, Sharifi E, Zhang Y, De Berardinis P, Zarrabi A, Varma RS, Tay FR, Smith BR, Makvandi P. Self-assembled peptide and protein nanostructures for anti-cancer therapy: Targeted delivery, stimuli-responsive devices and immunotherapy. NANO TODAY 2021; 38:101119. [PMID: 34267794 PMCID: PMC8276870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled peptides and proteins possess tremendous potential as targeted drug delivery systems and key applications of these well-defined nanostructures reside in anti-cancer therapy. Peptides and proteins can self-assemble into nanostructures of diverse sizes and shapes in response to changing environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, as well as host and guest molecular interactions; their countless benefits include good biocompatibility and high loading capacity for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. These self-assembled nanomaterials can be adorned with functional moieties to specifically target tumor cells. Stimuli-responsive features can also be incorporated with respect to the tumor microenvironment. This review sheds light on the growing interest in self-assembled peptides and proteins and their burgeoning applications in cancer treatment and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736, Hamadan, Iran
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Yapei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Li X, Li W, Wang M, Liao Z. Magnetic nanoparticles for cancer theranostics: Advances and prospects. J Control Release 2021; 335:437-448. [PMID: 34081996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Nanoparticles have been broadly studied and emerged as a novel approach in diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Over the last decade, researches have significantly improved magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)'s theranostic potential as nanomedicine for cancer. Newer MNPs have various advantages such as wider operating temperatures, smaller sizes, lower toxicity, simpler preparations and lower production costs. With a series of unique and superior physical and chemical properties, MNPs have great potential in medical applications. In particular, using MNPs as probes for medical imaging and carriers for targeted drug delivery systems. While MNPs are expected to be the future of cancer diagnosis and precision drug delivery, more research is still required to minimize their toxicity and improve their efficacy. An ideal MNP for clinical applications should be precisely engineered to be stable to act as tracers or deliver drugs to the targeted sites, release drug components only at the targeted sites and have minimal health risks. Our review aims to consolidate the recent improvements in MNPs for clinical applications as well as discuss the future research prospects and potential of MNPs in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Li
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17121, Sweden
| | - Weiyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Mina Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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19
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Zare EN, Zheng X, Makvandi P, Gheybi H, Sartorius R, Yiu CKY, Adeli M, Wu A, Zarrabi A, Varma RS, Tay FR. Nonspherical Metal-Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007073. [PMID: 33710754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoentities, apart from being indispensable research tools, have found extensive use in the industrial and biomedical arena. Because their biological impacts are governed by factors such as size, shape, and composition, such issues must be taken into account when these materials are incorporated into multi-component ensembles for clinical applications. The size and shape (rods, wires, sheets, tubes, and cages) of metallic nanostructures influence cell viability by virtue of their varied geometry and physicochemical interactions with mammalian cell membranes. The anisotropic properties of nonspherical metal-based nanoarchitectures render them exciting candidates for biomedical applications. Here, the size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties of nonspherical metal-based nanoarchitectures are reviewed in the context of their potential applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as, in regenerative medicine. Strategies for the synthesis of nonspherical metal-based nanoarchitectures and their cytotoxicity and immunological profiles are also comprehensively appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuanqi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Homa Gheybi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 53318-17634, Iran
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Aimin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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