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Vázquez JA, Comesaña S, Soengas JL, Pérez M, Bermúdez R, Rotllant J, Valcarcel J. Optimal and sustainable production of tailored fish protein hydrolysates from tuna canning wastes and discarded blue whiting: Effect of protein molecular weight on chemical and bioactive properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173461. [PMID: 38815836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Thousands tons of discards of blue whiting (BW) and tuna heads (YT) by-products are generated each year in Europe. BW is the species most discarded by European fishing fleet and, in some canning factories, YT are processed for the retrieval of oil rich in omega-3, but producing a huge amount of solid remains and effluents disposal as wastes. The development of optimal and sustainable processes for both substrates is mandatory in order to reach clean solutions under the circular economy precepts. This work focused on the mathematical optimization of the production of tailored fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), from blue whiting and tuna residues, in terms of controlling average molecular weights (Mw) of proteins. For the modeling of the protein depolymerization time-course, a pseudo-mechanistic model was used, which combined a reaction mechanistic equation affected, in the kinetic parameters, by two non-lineal equations (a first-order kinetic and like-Weibull formulae). In all situations, experimental data were accurately simulated by that model achieving R2 values higher than 0.96. The validity of the experimental conditions obtained from modeling were confirmed performing productions of FPH at scale of 5 L-reactor, without pH-control in most of cases, at the different ranges of Mw selected (1-2 kDa, 2-5 kDa and 5-10 kDa). The results showed that FPH from BW with lower Mw led to a remarkable yield of production (12 % w/w of substrate), largest protein contents (77 % w/w of BW hydrolysate), greatest in vitro digestibility (>95 %), highest essential amino acid presence (43 %) and the best antioxidant (DPPH = 62 %) and antihypertensive (IC50-ACE = 80 mg/L) properties. Our results prove that the proposed procedure to produce sustainable FPH, with specific Mw characterisitics, could be extended to other fish waste substrates. Tailored FPH may have the potential to serve as valuable ingredients for functional foods and high-quality aquaculture feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Sara Comesaña
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Montse Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Acuicultura Marina Sostenible (AquaCOV), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía-CSIC, 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Roberto Bermúdez
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología Animal (GAPAVET), Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Servicio de Análisis (SICIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/ Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Tsegay ZT, Agriopoulou S, Chaari M, Smaoui S, Varzakas T. Statistical Tools to Optimize the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Marine Byproducts. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:182. [PMID: 38667799 PMCID: PMC11050780 DOI: 10.3390/md22040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Techniques for extracting important bioactive molecules from seafood byproducts, viz., bones, heads, skin, frames, fins, shells, guts, and viscera, are receiving emphasis due to the need for better valorization. Employing green extraction technologies for efficient and quality production of these bioactive molecules is also strictly required. Hence, understanding the extraction process parameters to effectively design an applicable optimization strategy could enable these improvements. In this review, statistical optimization strategies applied for the extraction process parameters of obtaining bioactive molecules from seafood byproducts are focused upon. The type of experimental designs and techniques applied to criticize and validate the effects of independent variables on the extraction output are addressed. Dominant parameters studied were the enzyme/substrate ratio, pH, time, temperature, and power of extraction instruments. The yield of bioactive compounds, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, gelatine, collagen, chitin, vitamins, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, etc., were the most studied responses. Efficiency and/or economic and quality considerations and their selected optimization strategies that favor the production of potential bioactive molecules were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenebe Tadesse Tsegay
- Department of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia;
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Moufida Chaari
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
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Oprea OB, Sannan S, Tolstorebrov I, Claussen IC, Gaceu L. Effects of Fish Protein Hydrolysate on the Nutritional, Rheological, Sensorial, and Textural Characteristics of Bread. Foods 2024; 13:698. [PMID: 38472811 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential enhancement of the protein content in bakery products is studied by adding fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) flour in varying proportions (1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%) within the production recipe. The mixtures of wheat flour and FPH obtained were comprehensively analysed using Mixolab equipment, evaluating the nutritional, rheological, and enzymatical aspects. The results underscore the substantial potential of FPH as a high-quality protein source evidenced by its polyphenol content and antioxidant value. Moreover, the utilisation of hydrolysed proteins from fish emerges as a viable strategy for reducing the water footprint in food production. Thus, FPH flour showed a protein content of 80.21%, a polyphenol content of 1452 mg GAE/100 g, and an antioxidant activity of 294 mg TE/100 g. While the bread samples made from wheat flour mixed with FPH exhibited a satisfactory rheological behaviour, the presence of an aftertaste and the pronounced fish aroma impacted consumer acceptance. Notably, only the bread sample with 1.5% added FPH met the organoleptic preferences of the consumers, receiving a commendable total acceptability score of 6.2. Additionally, this sample demonstrated favourable results in texture analysis and exhibited an extended shelf life compared to that of the control sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Bianca Oprea
- Faculty of Food and Tourism, Transilvania University of Brasov, Castelului 148, 500014 Brașov, Romania
| | - Sigurd Sannan
- SINTEF Energi AS, Postboks 4761 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ignat Tolstorebrov
- SINTEF Energi AS, Postboks 4761 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
- NTNU, Institutt for Energi- og Prosessteknikk, Postboks 8900 Torgarden, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Liviu Gaceu
- Faculty of Food and Tourism, Transilvania University of Brasov, Castelului 148, 500014 Brașov, Romania
- CSCBAS&CE-MONT Centre/INCE-Romanian Academy, Casa Academiei Române, Calea 13 Septembrie No. 13, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Nikoo M, Regenstein JM, Yasemi M. Protein Hydrolysates from Fishery Processing By-Products: Production, Characteristics, Food Applications, and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:4470. [PMID: 38137273 PMCID: PMC10743304 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish processing by-products such as frames, trimmings, and viscera of commercial fish species are rich in proteins. Thus, they could potentially be an economical source of proteins that may be used to obtain bioactive peptides and functional protein hydrolysates for the food and nutraceutical industries. The structure, composition, and biological activities of peptides and hydrolysates depend on the freshness and the actual composition of the material. Peptides isolated from fishery by-products showed antioxidant activity. Changes in hydrolysis parameters changed the sequence and properties of the peptides and determined their physiological functions. The optimization of the value of such peptides and the production costs must be considered for each particular source of marine by-products and for their specific food applications. This review will discuss the functional properties of fishery by-products prepared using hydrolysis and their potential food applications. It also reviews the structure-activity relationships of the antioxidant activity of peptides as well as challenges to the use of fishery by-products for protein hydrolysate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikoo
- Department of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia 57179-44514, Iran
| | - Joe M. Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA;
| | - Mehran Yasemi
- Department of Fisheries, Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19858-13111, Iran;
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Roy VC, Islam MR, Sadia S, Yeasmin M, Park JS, Lee HJ, Chun BS. Trash to Treasure: An Up-to-Date Understanding of the Valorization of Seafood By-Products, Targeting the Major Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:485. [PMID: 37755098 PMCID: PMC10532690 DOI: 10.3390/md21090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishery production is exponentially growing, and its by-products negatively impact industries' economic and environmental status. The large amount of bioactive micro- and macromolecules in fishery by-products, including lipids, proteins, peptides, amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, collagen, gelatin, chitin, chitosan, and fucoidan, need to be utilized through effective strategies and proper management. Due to the bioactive and healthy compounds in fishery discards, these components can be used as functional food ingredients. Fishery discards have inorganic or organic value to add to or implement in various sectors (such as the agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical industries). However, the best use of these postharvest raw materials for human welfare remains unelucidated in the scientific community. This review article describes the most useful techniques and methods, such as obtaining proteins and peptides, fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and carotenoids, as well as collagen, gelatin, and polysaccharides such as chitin-chitosan and fucoidan, to ensure the best use of fishery discards. Marine-derived bioactive compounds have biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These high-value compounds are used in various industrial sectors, such as the food and cosmetic industries, owing to their unique functional and characteristic structures. This study aimed to determine the gap between misused fishery discards and their effects on the environment and create awareness for the complete valorization of fishery discards, targeting a sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra Roy
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakibul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Sadia
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Momota Yeasmin
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro Namgu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
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Wu MF, Xi QH, Sheng Y, Wang YM, Wang WY, Chi CF, Wang B. Antioxidant Peptides from Monkfish Swim Bladders: Ameliorating NAFLD In Vitro by Suppressing Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress via Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:360. [PMID: 37367685 DOI: 10.3390/md21060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the ameliorating functions of QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) from monkfish swim bladders on an FFA-induced NAFLD model of HepG2 cells. The lipid-lowering mechanisms revealed that these five oligopeptides can up-regulate the expression of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) proteins to inhibit the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) proteins on increasing lipid synthesis and up-regulating the expression of the PPAP-α and CPT-1 proteins on promoting the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Moreover, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) can significantly inhibit reactive oxygen species' (ROS) production, promote the activities of intracellular antioxidases (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX; and catalase, CAT) and bring down the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) derived from lipid peroxidation. Further investigations revealed that the regulation of these five oligopeptides on oxidative stress was achieved through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to raise the expression levels of the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and downstream antioxidant proteases. Therefore, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) could serve as candidate ingredients to develop functional products for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing-Hao Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wan-Yi Wang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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de la Fuente B, Aspevik T, Barba FJ, Kousoulaki K, Berrada H. Mineral Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Capacity of Protein Hydrolysates from Salmon ( Salmo salar) and Mackerel ( Scomber scombrus) Backbones and Heads. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050294. [PMID: 37233488 DOI: 10.3390/md21050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the bioaccessibility of minerals is essential to consider a food ingredient as a potential mineral fortifier. In this study, the mineral bioaccessibility of protein hydrolysates from salmon (Salmo salar) and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) backbones and heads was evaluated. For this purpose, the hydrolysates were submitted to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (INFOGEST method), and the mineral content was analyzed before and after the digestive process. Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Se were then determined using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer mass detector (ICP-MS). The highest bioaccessibility of minerals was found in salmon and mackerel head hydrolysates for Fe (≥100%), followed by Se in salmon backbone hydrolysates (95%). The antioxidant capacity of all protein hydrolysate samples, which was measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), increased (10-46%) after in vitro digestion. The heavy metals As, Hg, Cd, and Pb were determined (ICP-MS) in the raw hydrolysates to confirm the harmlessness of these products. Except for Cd in mackerel hydrolysates, all toxic elements were below the legislation levels for fish commodities. These results suggest the possibility of using protein hydrolysates from salmon and mackerel backbones and heads for food mineral fortification, as well as the need to verify their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de la Fuente
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Tone Aspevik
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima, 5141 Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Katerina Kousoulaki
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Nofima, 5141 Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - Houda Berrada
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 València, Spain
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Formation of Oxidative Compounds during Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Byproducts of the Seafood Industry. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant potential to increase the sustainability of the fishing and aquaculture industries through the maximization of the processing of byproducts. Enzymatic hydrolysis provides an opportunity to valorize downstream fish industry byproducts for the production of protein hydrolysates (FPH) as a source of bioactive peptides (BAP) with health benefits. Deteriorative oxidative reactions may occur during the enzymatic hydrolysis of byproducts, influencing the safety or bioactivities of the end product. Lipid oxidation, autolysis mediated by endogenous enzymes in viscera, protein degradation, and formation of low-molecular-weight metabolites are the main reactions that are expected to occur during hydrolysis and need to be controlled. These depend on the freshness, proper handling, and the type of byproducts used. Viscera, frames, trimmings, and heads are the byproducts most available for enzymatic hydrolysis. They differ in their composition, and, thus, require standardization of both the hydrolysis procedures and the testing methods for each source. Hydrolysis conditions (e.g., enzyme type and concentration, temperature, and time) also have a significant role in producing FPH with specific structures, stability, and bioactivity. Protein hydrolysates with good safety and quality should have many applications in foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. This review discusses the oxidative reactions during the enzymatic hydrolysis of byproducts from different fish industry sectors and possible ways to reduce oxidation.
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Hybridising plasma functionalized water and ultrasound pretreatment for enzymatic protein hydrolysis of Larimichthys polyactis: Parametric screening and optimization. Food Chem 2022; 385:132677. [PMID: 35334341 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybridising plasma functionalized water and ultrasound pretreatment for the enzymatic hydrolysis (HPUEH) of Larimichthys polyactis was evaluated by adopting Plackett-Burman design for parametric screening of six key variables, and Box-Behnken design for optimizing three most significant variables including plasma generating voltage (PV), ultrasound treatment time (UT), and enzyme concentration (EC). The models developed for predicting the degree of hydrolysis (DoH), protein recovery (PVY), and soluble protein content (SPC) were sufficiently fitted to the experimental data (R2 ≥ 0.966) with non-significant lack of fit and used for determining the optimum conditions as PV of 70 V, UT of 15 min, and EC of 1.787%, with predictive values of 27.74%, 85.62%, and 3.28 mg/mL for DoH, PVY, and SPC, respectively. HPUEH presented hydrolysates with smaller peptide sizes and molecular weights, enhanced DoH, PVY, SPC, amino acids and antioxidant activity, but reduced emulsifying and foaming properties when compared with conventional enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Influence of substituting wheat flour with quinoa flour on quality characteristics and in vitro starch and protein digestibility of fried-free instant noodles. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Singh S, Negi T, Sagar NA, Kumar Y, Tarafdar A, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Pandey A. Sustainable processes for treatment and management of seafood solid waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152951. [PMID: 34999071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seafood processing is an important economical activity worldwide and is an integral part of the food chain system. However, their processing results in solid waste generation whose disposal and management is a serious concern. Proteins, amino acids, lipids with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenoids, and minerals are abundant in the discards, effluents, and by-catch of seafood processing waste. As a result, it causes nutritional loss and poses major environmental risks. To solve the issues, it is critical that the waste be exposed to secondary processing and valorization for recovery of value added products. Although chemical waste treatment technologies are available, the majority of these procedures have inherent flaws. Biological solutions, on the other hand, are safe, efficacious, and ecologically friendly while maintaining the intrinsic bioactivities after waste conversion. Microbial fermentation or the actions of exogenously introduced enzymes on waste components are used in most bioconversion processes. Algal biotechnology has recently developed unique technologies for biotransformation of nutrients, which may be employed as a feedstock for the recovery of important chemicals as well as biofuel. Bioconversion methods combined with a bio-refinery strategy offer the potential to enable environmentally-friendly and cost-effective seafood waste management. The refinement of these wastes through sustainable bioprocessing interventions can give rise to various circular bioeconomies within the seafood processing sector. Moreover, a techno-economic perspective on the developed solid waste processing lines and its subsequent environmental impact could facilitate commercialization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view and critical analysis of the recent updates in seafood waste processing in terms of bioconversion processes and byproduct development. Various case studies on circular bioeconomy formulated on seafood processing waste along with techno-economic feasibility for the possible development of sustainable seafood biorefineries have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, -263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology(,) G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 125, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Saint Longwal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section(,) ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136 713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Rodrigues DP, Calado R, Ameixa OM, Valcarcel J, Vázquez JA. Valorisation of Atlantic codfish (Gadus morhua) frames from the cure-salting industry as fish protein hydrolysates with in vitro bioactive properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Valcarcel J, Fraguas J, Hermida-Merino C, Hermida-Merino D, Piñeiro MM, Vázquez JA. Production and Physicochemical Characterization of Gelatin and Collagen Hydrolysates from Turbot Skin Waste Generated by Aquaculture Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:491. [PMID: 34564153 PMCID: PMC8465087 DOI: 10.3390/md19090491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising trends in fish filleting are increasing the amount of processing by-products, such as skins of turbot, a flatfish of high commercial value. In line with circular economy principles, we propose the valorization of turbot skins through a two-step process: initial gelatin extraction described for the first time in turbot, followed by hydrolysis of the remaining solids to produce collagen hydrolysates. We assayed several methods for gelatin extraction, finding differences in gelatin properties depending on chemical treatment and temperature. Of all methods, the application of NaOH, sulfuric, and citric acids at 22 °C results in the highest gel strength (177 g), storage and loss moduli, and gel stability. We found no relation between mechanical properties and content of pyrrolidine amino acids, but the best performing gelatin displays higher structural integrity, with less than 30% of the material below 100 kDa. Collagen hydrolysis was more efficient with papain than alcalase, leading to a greater reduction in Mw of the hydrolysates, which contain a higher proportion of essential amino acids than gelatin and show high in vitro anti-hypertensive activity. These results highlight the suitability of turbot skin by-products as a source of gelatin and the potential of collagen hydrolysates as a functional food and feed ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.F.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Javier Fraguas
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.F.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Carolina Hermida-Merino
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, BP220, F38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Manuel M. Piñeiro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (J.F.); (J.A.V.)
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Phadke GG, Rathod NB, Ozogul F, Elavarasan K, Karthikeyan M, Shin KH, Kim SK. Exploiting of Secondary Raw Materials from Fish Processing Industry as a Source of Bioactive Peptide-Rich Protein Hydrolysates. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090480. [PMID: 34564142 PMCID: PMC8468292 DOI: 10.3390/md19090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing peptide-based drugs are very promising to address many of the lifestyle mediated diseases which are prevalent in a major portion of the global population. As an alternative to synthetic peptide-based drugs, derived peptides from natural sources have gained a greater attention in the last two decades. Aquatic organisms including plants, fish and shellfish are known as a rich reservoir of parent protein molecules which can offer novel sequences of amino acids in peptides, having unique bio-functional properties upon hydrolyzing with proteases from different sources. However, rather than exploiting fish and shellfish stocks which are already under pressure due to overexploitation, the processing discards, regarded as secondary raw material, could be a potential choice for peptide based therapeutic development strategies. In this connection, we have attempted to review the scientific reports in this area of research that deal with some of the well-established bioactive properties, such as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, anti-coagulative, antibacterial and anticarcinogenic properties, with reference to the type of enzymes, substrate used, degree of particular bio-functionality, mechanism, and wherever possible, the active amino acid sequences in peptides. Many of the studies have been conducted on hydrolysate (crude mixture of peptides) enriched with low molecular bioactive peptides. In vitro and in vivo experiments on the potency of bioactive peptides to modulate the human physiological functions beneficially have demonstrated that these peptides can be used in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable lifestyle mediated diseases. The information synthesized under this review could serve as a point of reference to drive further research on and development of functionally active therapeutic natural peptides. Availability of such scientific information is expected to open up new zones of investigation for adding value to underutilized secondary raw materials, which in turn paves the way for sustainability in fish processing. However, there are significant challenges ahead in exploring the fish waste as a source of bioactive peptides, as it demands more studies on mechanisms and structure–function relationship understanding as well as clearance from regulatory and statutory bodies before reaching the end user in the form of supplement or therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Gajanan Phadke
- Network for Fish Quality Management & Sustainable Fishing (NETFISH), The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Navi Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha 402109, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey;
| | - Krishnamoorthy Elavarasan
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi 682029, Kerala, India;
| | - Muthusamy Karthikeyan
- The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Kochi 682036, Kerala, India;
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Ansan 11558, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Ansan 11558, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-400-5539 or +82-10-7223-6375
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Vázquez JA, Hermida-Merino C, Hermida-Merino D, Piñeiro MM, Johansen J, Sotelo CG, Pérez-Martín RI, Valcarcel J. Characterization of Gelatin and Hydrolysates from Valorization of Farmed Salmon Skin By-Products. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162828. [PMID: 34451367 PMCID: PMC8398820 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmon processing commonly involves the skinning of fish, generating by-products that need to be handled. Such skin residues may represent valuable raw materials from a valorization perspective, mainly due to their collagen content. With this approach, we propose in the present work the extraction of gelatin from farmed salmon and further valorization of the remaining residue through hydrolysis. Use of different chemical treatments prior to thermal extraction of gelatin results in a consistent yield of around 5%, but considerable differences in rheological properties. As expected from a cold-water species, salmon gelatin produces rather weak gels, ranging from 0 to 98 g Bloom. Nevertheless, the best performing gelatins show considerable structural integrity, assessed by gel permeation chromatography with light scattering detection for the first time on salmon gelatin. Finally, proteolysis of skin residues with Alcalase for 4 h maximizes digestibility and antihypertensive activity of the resulting hydrolysates, accompanied by the sharpest reduction in molecular weight and higher content of essential amino acids. These results indicate the possibility of tuning salmon gelatin properties through changes in chemical treatment conditions, and completing the valorization cycle through production of bioactive and nutritious hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Hermida-Merino
- CINBIO, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, CP36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF, CS 40220, F38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Manuel M. Piñeiro
- CINBIO, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, CP36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.H.-M.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Johan Johansen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Torggården, Kudalsveien 6, NO-8027 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Carmen G. Sotelo
- Group of Food Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.G.S.); (R.I.P.-M.)
| | - Ricardo I. Pérez-Martín
- Group of Food Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; (C.G.S.); (R.I.P.-M.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, CP36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
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Caruso G, Floris R, Serangeli C, Di Paola L. Fishery Wastes as a Yet Undiscovered Treasure from the Sea: Biomolecules Sources, Extraction Methods and Valorization. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120622. [PMID: 33297310 PMCID: PMC7762275 DOI: 10.3390/md18120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new biological sources of commercial value is a major goal for the sustainable management of natural resources. The huge amount of fishery by-catch or processing by-products continuously produced needs to be managed to avoid environmental problems and keep resource sustainability. Fishery by-products can represent an interesting source of high added value bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, collagen, polyunsaturated fatty acids, chitin, polyphenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, toxins; nevertheless, their biotechnological potential is still largely underutilized. Depending on their structural and functional characteristics, marine-derived biomolecules can find several applications in food industry, agriculture, biotechnological (chemical, industrial or environmental) fields. Fish internal organs are a rich and underexplored source of bioactive compounds; the fish gut microbiota biosynthesizes essential or short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or enzymes and is also a source of probiotic candidates, in turn producing bioactive compounds with antibiotic and biosurfactant/bioemulsifier activities. Chemical, enzymatic and/or microbial processing of fishery by-catch or processing by-products allows the production of different valuable bioactive compounds; to date, however, the lack of cost-effective extraction strategies so far has prevented their exploitation on a large scale. Standardization and optimization of extraction procedures are urgently required, as processing conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative properties of these biomolecules. Valorization routes for such raw materials can provide a great additional value for companies involved in the field of bioprospecting. The present review aims at collecting current knowledge on fishery by-catch or by-products, exploring the valorization of their active biomolecules, in application of the circular economy paradigm applied to the fishery field. It will address specific issues from a biorefinery perspective: (i) fish tissues and organs as potential sources of metabolites, antibiotics and probiotics; (ii) screening for bioactive compounds; (iii) extraction processes and innovative technologies for purification and chemical characterization; (iv) energy production technologies for the exhausted biomass. We provide a general perspective on the techno-economic feasibility and the environmental footprint of the production process, as well as on the definition of legal constraints for the new products production and commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6015-423
| | - Rosanna Floris
- AGRIS-Sardegna, Servizio Ricerca Prodotti Ittici, Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | | | - Luisa Di Paola
- Unit of Chemical-Physics Fundamentals in Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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Valcarcel J, Sanz N, Vázquez JA. Optimization of the Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysis of By-Products from Seabream ( Sparus aurata) and Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax), Chemical and Functional Characterization. Foods 2020; 9:E1503. [PMID: 33092225 PMCID: PMC7589672 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of seabass and seabream by-products is becoming increasingly relevant, as marketing of these species moves from selling whole fish to filleting for convenience products. With this aim, we optimized for the first time the production of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) by enzymatic hydrolysis from filleting by-products of these commercially relevant aquaculture species, isolating fish oil at the same time. On the whole, both fish yielded similar amounts of protein, but frames and trimmings (FT) were the best source, followed by heads and viscera. In vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities showed similar figures for both species, placing FPHs from FT as the most active. Molecular weights ranged from 1381 to 2023 Da, corresponding to the lowest values of FT, in line with the higher hydrolysis degrees observed. All FPHs reached high digestibility (>86%) and displayed an excellent amino acid profile in terms of essential amino acids and flavor, making them suitable as food additives and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (N.S.); (J.A.V.)
- Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials Laboratory (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Noelia Sanz
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (N.S.); (J.A.V.)
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioprocesses Group, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (N.S.); (J.A.V.)
- Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials Laboratory (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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