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Li M, Yang T, Zhao J, Ma X, Cao Y, Hu X, Zhao S, Zhou L. Cell sheet formation enhances the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction on urethral stricture. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:101012. [PMID: 38464495 PMCID: PMC10924207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urethral stricture (US) is a common disease in urology, lacking effective treatment options. Although injecting a stem cells suspension into the affected area has shown therapeutic benefits, challenges such as low retention rate and limited efficacy hinder the clinical application of stem cells. This study evaluates the therapeutic impact and the mechanism of adipose-derived vascular fraction (SVF) combined with cell sheet engineering technique on urethral fibrosis in a rat model of US. The results showed that SVF-cell sheets exhibit positive expression of α-SMA, CD31, CD34, Stro-1, and eNOS. In vivo study showed less collagen deposition, low urethral fibrosis, and minimal tissue alteration in the group receiving cell sheet transplantation. Furthermore, the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like structure by the cell sheets enhances the paracrine effect of SVF, facilitates the infiltration of M2 macrophages, and suppresses the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway through HGF secretion, thereby exerting antifibrotic effects. Small animal in vivo imaging demonstrates improved retention of SVF cells at the damaged urethra site with cell sheet application. Our results suggest that SVF combined with cell sheet technology more efficiently inhibits the early stages of urethral fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxin Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Ma S, Ma B, Yang Y, Mu Y, Wei P, Yu X, Zhao B, Zou Z, Liu Z, Wang M, Deng J. Functionalized 3D Hydroxyapatite Scaffold by Fusion Peptides-Mediated Small Extracellular Vesicles of Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3064-3081. [PMID: 38215277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology offers extensive applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) because it can create a three-dimensional porous structure with acceptable porosity and fine mechanical qualities that can mimic natural bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is commonly used as a bone repair material due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can regulate bone metabolism and stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study has designed a functionalized bone regeneration scaffold (3D H-P-sEVs) by combining the biological activity of BMSCs-sEVs and the 3D-HA scaffold to improve bone regeneration. The scaffold utilizes the targeting of fusion peptides to increase the loading efficiency of sEVs. The composition, structure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation performance of the 3D H-P-sEVs scaffolds were examined. The composite scaffold demonstrated good biocompatibility, substantially increased the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins, and had a satisfactory bone integration effect in the critical skull defect model of rats. In conclusion, the combination of EVs and 3D-HA scaffold via fusion peptide provides an innovative composite scaffold for bone regeneration and repair, improving osteogenic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Beibei Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuzhu Mu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio-medicine Industry Park, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xueqiao Yu
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio-medicine Industry Park, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Plant West, Valley No. 1 Bio-medicine Industry Park, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhenyu Zou
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Tianjin Zhongnuo Dental Hospital, Dingfu Building at the intersection of Nanma Road and Nankai Sanma Road in Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Minggang Wang
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
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3
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Sarasati A, Syahruddin MH, Nuryanti A, Ana ID, Barlian A, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi D, Wungu TDK, Takemori H. Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041053. [PMID: 37189671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits. Moreover, it is known that Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, with an abundance of unexplored sources of PDENs. This encouraged further research in biomedical science to develop natural richness in plants as a source for human welfare. This study aims to verify the potential of PDENs for biomedical purposes, especially for regenerative therapy applications, by collecting and analyzing data from the latest relevant research and developments.
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4
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Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Exosomes treating osteoarthritis: hope with challenge. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13152. [PMID: 36711315 PMCID: PMC9880404 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has been proven as the second primary cause of pain and disability in the elderly population, impact patients both physically and mentally, as well as imposing a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. Current treatment methods, whether conservative or surgical, that aim at relieving symptoms can not delay or reverse the degenerative process in the structure. Scientists and clinicians are facing a revolution in OA treatment strategies. The emergence of exosomes brings hope for OA treatment based on pathology, which is attributed to its full potential in protecting chondrocytes from excessive death, alleviating inflammation, maintaining cartilage matrix metabolism, and regulating angiogenesis and subchondral bone remodeling. Therefore, we summarized the recent studies of exosomes in OA, aiming to comprehensively understand the functions and mechanisms of exosomes in OA treatment, which may provide direction and theoretical support for formulating therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ma T, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1071472. [PMID: 36532583 PMCID: PMC9755356 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results via PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. Data and sources: An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers. Results: Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture. Conclusoin: This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Ren J, Yu R, Xue J, Tang Y, Su S, Liao C, Guo Q, Guo W, Zheng J. How Do Extracellular Vesicles Play a Key Role in the Maintenance of Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5375-5389. [PMID: 36419718 PMCID: PMC9677931 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of bone homeostasis includes both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. These two processes are in dynamic balance to maintain a constant amount of bone for accomplishing its critical functions in daily life. Multiple cell type communications are involved in these two complex and continuous processes. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have shown that osteogenic and osteoclastic extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in regulating bone homeostasis through paracrine, autosecretory and endocrine signaling. Elucidating the functional roles of extracellular vesicles in the maintenance of bone homeostasis may contribute to the design of new strategies for bone regeneration. Hence, we review the recent understandings of the classification, production process, extraction methods, structure, contents, functions and applications of extracellular vesicles in bone homeostasis. We highlight the contents of various bone-derived extracellular vesicles and their interactions with different cells in the bone microenvironment during bone homeostasis. We also summarize the recent advances in EV-loaded biomaterial scaffolds for bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongcheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihui Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Farmani AR, Nekoofar MH, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Azami M, Najafipour S, Moradpanah S, Ai J. Preparation and In Vitro Osteogenic Evaluation of Biomimetic Hybrid Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Gelatin/Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) and Lithium-Doped 45s5 Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2022; 31:870-885. [PMID: 36373108 PMCID: PMC9638231 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-022-02615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an emerging technique for repairing large bone lesions. Biomimetic techniques expand the use of organic-inorganic spongy-like nanocomposite scaffolds and platelet concentrates. In this study, a biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold was prepared using lithium-doped bioactive-glass nanoparticles and gelatin/PRGF. First, sol-gel method was used to prepare bioactive-glass nanoparticles that contain 0, 1, 3, and 5%wt lithium. The lithium content was then optimized based on antibacterial and MTT testing. By freeze-drying, hybrid scaffolds comprising 5, 10, and 20% bioglass were made. On the scaffolds, human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) were cultured for adhesion (SEM), survival, and osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteopontin, osteocalcin, and Runx2 gene expression were measured. The effect of bioactive-glass nanoparticles and PRGF on nanocomposites' mechanical characteristics and glass-transition temperature (T g) was also studied. An optimal lithium content in bioactive glass structure was found to be 3% wt. Nanoparticle SEM examination indicated grain deformation due to different sizes of lithium and sodium ions. Results showed up to 10% wt bioactive-glass and PRGF increased survival and cell adhesion. Also, Hybrid scaffolds revealed higher ALP-activity and OP, OC, and Runx2 gene expression. Furthermore, bioactive-glass has mainly increased ALP-activity and Runx2 expression, whereas PRGF increases the expression of OP and OC genes. Bioactive-glass increases scaffold modulus and T g continuously. Hence, the presence of both bioactive-glass and nanocomposite scaffold improves the expression of osteogenic differentiation biomarkers. Subsequently, it seems that hybrid scaffolds based on biopolymers, Li-doped bioactive-glass, and platelet extracts can be a good strategy for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Somayeh Moradpanah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Ren YZ, Ding SS, Jiang YP, Wen H, Li T. Application of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in bone regeneration: Opportunities and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:473-489. [PMID: 36157529 PMCID: PMC9350624 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in the fields of regenerative medicine, cell-free therapy has received increased attention. Exosomes have a variety of endogenous properties that provide stability for molecular transport across biological barriers to cells, as a form of cell-to-cell communication that regulates function and phenotype. In addition, exosomes are an important component of paracrine signaling in stem-cell-based therapy and can be used as a stand-alone therapy or as a drug delivery system. The remarkable potential of exosomes has paved the pathway for cell-free treatment in bone regeneration. Exosomes are enriched in distinct noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs. Different ncRNAs have multiple functions. Altered expression of ncRNA in exosomes is associated with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases, such as femoral head osteonecrosis, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Although there is increasing evidence that exosome-derived ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) have the potential for bone regeneration, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we review the biogenesis of exo-ncRNA and the effects of ncRNAs on angiogenesis and osteoblast- and osteoclast-related pathways in different diseases. However, there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in the clinical application of ncRNA; for instance, production, storage, targeted delivery and therapeutic potency assessment. Advancements in exo-ncRNA methods and design will promote the development of therapeutics, revolutionizing the present landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhong Ren
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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10
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Zhang M, Li Y, Feng T, Li R, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yin P, Tang P. Bone Engineering Scaffolds With Exosomes: A Promising Strategy for Bone Defects Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:920378. [PMID: 35782499 PMCID: PMC9240482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.920378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is still an intractable clinical problem, despite the fact that numerous treatments are currently available. In recent decades, bone engineering scaffolds have become a promising tool to fill in the defect sites and remedy the deficiencies of bone grafts. By virtue of bone formation, vascular growth, and inflammation modulation, the combination of bone engineering scaffolds with cell-based and cell-free therapy is widely used in bone defect repair. As a key element of cell-free therapy, exosomes with bioactive molecules overcome the deficiencies of cell-based therapy and promote bone tissue regeneration via the potential of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation modulation. Hence, this review aimed at overviewing the bone defect microenvironment and healing mechanism, summarizing current advances in bone engineering scaffolds and exosomes in bone defects to probe for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Taojin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Licheng Zhang, ; Pengbin Yin,
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Licheng Zhang, ; Pengbin Yin,
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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11
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Li R, Li D, Wang H, Chen K, Wang S, Xu J, Ji P. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells regulate M1/M2 macrophage phenotypic polarization to promote bone healing via miR-451a/MIF. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:149. [PMID: 35395782 PMCID: PMC8994256 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone defects caused by diseases and trauma are usually accompanied by inflammation, and the implantation of biomaterials as a common repair method has also been found to cause inflammatory reactions, which affect bone metabolism and new bone formation. This study investigated whether exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exos) plays an immunomodulatory role in traumatic bone defects and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS ADSC-Exos were loaded by a biomaterial named gelatine nanoparticles (GNPs), physical and chemical properties were analysed by zeta potential, surface topography and rheology. A rat model of skull defect was used for our in vivo studies, and micro-CT and histological staining were used to analyse histological changes in the bone defect area. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to verify that ADSC-Exos could regulate M1/M2 macrophage polarization. MicroRNA (miRNA) array analysis was conducted to determine the miRNA expression profiles of ADSC-Exos. After macrophages were treated with a miR-451a mimic, miR-451a inhibitor and ISO-1, the relative expression of genes and proteins was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS In vivo, micro-CT and histological staining showed that exosome-loaded GNPs (GNP-Exos) hydrogel, with good biocompatibility and strong mechanical adaptability, exhibited immunomodulatory effect mainly by regulating macrophage immunity and promoting bone tissue healing. Immunofluorescence further indicated that ADSC-Exos reduced M1 marker (iNOS) expression and increased M2 marker (CD206) expression. Moreover, in vitro studies, western blotting and RT-qPCR showed that ADSC-Exos inhibited M1 macrophage marker expression and upregulated M2 macrophage marker expression. MiR-451a was enriched in ADSC-Exos and targeted macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Macrophages treated with the miR-451a mimic showed lower expression of M1 markers. In contrast, miR-451a inhibitor treatment upregulated the expression of M1 markers and downregulated the expression of M2 markers, while ISO-1 (a MIF inhibitor) treatment upregulated miR-451a expression and downregulated M1 macrophage marker expression. CONCLUSION GNP-Exos can effectively regulate bone immune metabolism and further promote bone healing partly through immune regulation of miR-451a, which may provide a therapeutic direction for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dize Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Wang
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Key State Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426, North Songshi Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Bone Cell Exosomes and Emerging Strategies in Bone Engineering. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040767. [PMID: 35453517 PMCID: PMC9033129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue remodeling is a highly regulated process balancing bone formation and resorption through complex cellular crosstalk between resident bone and microenvironment cells. This cellular communication is mediated by direct cell and cell–matrix contact, autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine receptor mediated mechanisms such as local soluble signaling molecules and extracellular vesicles including nanometer sized exosomes. An impairment in this balanced process leads to development of pathological conditions. Bone tissue engineering is an emerging interdisciplinary field with potential to address bone defects and disorders by synthesizing three-dimensional bone substitutes embedded with cells for clinical implantation. However, current cell-based therapeutic approaches have faced hurdles due to safety and ethical concerns, challenging their clinical translation. Recent studies on exosome-regulated bone homeostasis and regeneration have gained interest as prospective cell free therapy in conjugation with tissue engineered bone grafts. However, exosome research is still in its nascent stages of bone tissue engineering. In this review, we specifically describe the role of exosomes secreted by cells within bone microenvironment such as osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cell cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and even tumor cells during bone homeostasis and crosstalk. We also review exosome-based osteoinductive functionalization strategies for various bone-based biomaterials such as ceramics, polymers, and metals in bone tissue engineering. We further highlight biomaterials as carrier agents for exosome delivery to bone defect sites and, finally, the influence of various biomaterials in modulation of cell exosome secretome.
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13
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Kang M, Lee CS, Lee M. Bioactive Scaffolds Integrated with Liposomal or Extracellular Vesicles for Bone Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8100137. [PMID: 34677210 PMCID: PMC8533541 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With population aging and increased life expectancy, an increasing number of people are facing musculoskeletal health problems that necessitate therapeutic intervention at defect sites. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has become a promising approach for bone graft substitutes as traditional treatments using autografts or allografts involve clinical complications. Significant advancements have been made in developing ideal BTE scaffolds that can integrate bioactive molecules promoting robust bone repair. Herein, we review bioactive scaffolds tuned for local bone regenerative therapy, particularly through integrating synthetic liposomal vesicles or extracellular vesicles to the scaffolds. Liposomes offer an excellent drug delivery system providing sustained release of the loaded bioactive molecules. Extracellular vesicles, with their inherent capacity to carry bioactive molecules, are emerging as an advanced substitute of synthetic nanoparticles and a novel cell-free therapy for bone regeneration. We discuss the recent advance in the use of synthetic liposomes and extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials combined with scaffolds, highlighting major challenges and opportunities for their applications in bone regeneration. We put a particular focus on strategies to integrate vesicles to various biomaterial scaffolds and introduce the latest advances in achieving sustained release of bioactive molecules from the vesicle-loaded scaffolds at the bone defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kang
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea;
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kučuk N, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Exosomes Engineering and Their Roles as Therapy Delivery Tools, Therapeutic Targets, and Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9543. [PMID: 34502452 PMCID: PMC8431173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are becoming increasingly important therapeutic biomaterials for use in a variety of therapeutic applications due to their unique characteristics, especially due to the ineffectiveness and cytotoxicity of some existing therapies and synthetic therapeutic nanocarriers. They are highly promising as carriers of drugs, genes, and other therapeutic agents that can be incorporated into their interior or onto their surface through various modification techniques to improve their targeting abilities. In addition, they are biocompatible, safe, and stable. The review focuses on different types of exosomes and methods of their preparation, including the incorporation of different kinds of cargo, especially for drug delivery purposes. In particular, their importance and effectiveness as delivery vehicles of various therapeutic agents for a variety of therapeutic applications, including different diseases and disorders such as cancer treatment, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, are emphasized. Administration routes of exosomes into the body are also included. A novelty in the article is the emphasis on global companies that are already successfully developing and testing such therapeutic biomaterials, with a focus on the most influential ones. Moreover, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of exosome production is summarized for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Kučuk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Mateja Primožič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.P.); (Ž.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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15
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Mosaad KE, Shoueir KR, Saied AH, Dewidar MM. New Prospects in Nano Phased Co-substituted Hydroxyapatite Enrolled in Polymeric Nanofiber Mats for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2006-2029. [PMID: 34378121 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The most common forms of tissue impairment are fracture bones and significant bone disorders caused by multiple traumas or normal aging. Surgical care sometimes necessitates the placement of a temporary or permanent prosthesis, which continues to be a challenge for orthopedic surgeons, including those with large bone defects. Electrospun scaffolds made from natural and synthetic nanofiber-based polymers are studied as natural extracellular matrix (ECM)-like scaffolds for tissue engineering. Besides, nanostructured materials have properties and functions depending on the scale of natural materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAP), ranging from 1 to 100 nm, which activity was proficient upon enrolled in nanofiber mats. The use of nanofibers in combination with nano-HAP has increased the scaffold's ability to replicate the construction of natural bone tissue that is the aim of the present text. In bone engineering, nanofiber substrates facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, while HAP induces cells to secrete ECM for bone mineralization and development. This review aims to draw the reader's attention to the critical issues with synthetic and natural polymers containing HAP in bone tissue engineering; co-substituted hydroxyapatite has also been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem E Mosaad
- Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Department, Al-Azahar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamel R Shoueir
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS, UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Ahmed H Saied
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Gaish Street, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Montasser M Dewidar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Gaish Street, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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16
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Lan Y, Jin Q, Xie H, Yan C, Ye Y, Zhao X, Chen Z, Xie Z. Exosomes Enhance Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation of Initial Bone Marrow Stem Cells on Titanium Surfaces. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583234. [PMID: 33224950 PMCID: PMC7674173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful osseointegration involves the biological behavior of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on an implant surface; however, the role of BMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes in osseointegration is little known. This study aimed to: (i) explore the interaction force between exosomes (Exo) and cells on a titanium surface; (ii) discuss whether the morphology and biological behavior of BMSCs are affected by exosomes; and (iii) preliminarily investigate the mechanism by which exosomes regulate cells on Ti surface. Exosomes secreted by rat BMSCs were collected by ultracentrifugation and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, and alkaline phosphatase bioactivity, Alizarin Red staining, and quantification were used to investigate the exosomes that adhere to the Ti plates under different treatments as well as the morphological change, adhesion, spread, and differentiation of BMSCs. We found that exosomes were efficiently internalized and could regulate cell morphology and promoted the adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. These were achieved partly by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Our discovery presents a new insight into the positive regulatory effect of exosomes on the biological behaviors of BMSCs on Ti surface and provides a novel route to modify the surface of a Ti implant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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