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Panzade P, Wagh A, Harale P, Bhilwade S. Pharmaceutical cocrystals: a rising star in drug delivery applications. J Drug Target 2024; 32:115-127. [PMID: 38164658 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2300690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals, owing to their manifold applications, are acting as bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical product development. The ability to scale up pharmaceutical cocrystals through continuous manufacturing approaches offers superior and economic pharmaceutical products. Moreover, cocrystals can be an aid for the nanoparticulate systems to solve the issues related to scale-up and cost. Cocrystals grabbed attention of academic researchers and pharmaceutical scientist due to their potential to target various diseases like cancer. The present review is mainly focussed on the diverse and comprehensive applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals in drug delivery including solubility and dissolution enhancement, improvement of bioavailability of drug, mechanical and flow properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients, controlled/sustained release and colour tuning of API. Besides, phytochemical based cocrystals, multi-drug cocrystals and cocrystals for tumour therapy have been discussed in this review. Additionally, recent progress pertinent to pharmaceutical cocrystals is also included, which may provide future directions to manufacturing and scale-up of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Anita Wagh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Pratiksha Harale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Sumeet Bhilwade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
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Singh S, Awasthi R. Berberine HCl and diacerein loaded dual delivery transferosomes: Formulation and optimization using Box-Behnken design. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:553-580. [PMID: 39091899 PMCID: PMC11289510 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Berberine is a poorly water-soluble alkaloid compound showing significant anti-inflammatory characteristics. It reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α, IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL-23, IL-12, and IL-23). Diacerein significantly reduces the splenomegaly associated with psoriasis. It downregulates the production of TNF-α and IL-12. Method This study reported the development of transferosomes containing berberine HCl and diacerein using a film hydration method followed by optimization using a Box-Behnken design. Sodium deoxycholate was used as an edge activator. The impact of independent variables (amount of phosphatidylcholine, amount of edge activator, and sonication cycles) on dependent variables (particle size and entrapment efficiency) was examined. The optimized formulation was characterized for polydispersity index, vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, ζ potential, spectral analysis like Fourier transform infrared, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, deformability, transmission electron microscopy, antioxidant assay, in-vitro release, and ex-vivo skin permeation studies. Results The optimized formulation had a particle size of 110.90±2.8 nm with high entrapment efficiency (89.50±1.5 of berberine HCl and 91.23±1.8 of diacerein). Deformability, polydispersity index, ζ potential, and antioxidant activity of the optimized formulation were 2.44, 0.296, -13.3, and 38.36 %, respectively. Optimized transferosomes exhibited 82.093±0.81 % and 85.02±3.81 % release of berberine HCl and diacerein after 24 h of dissolution study. The transdermal flux of optimized formulation was 0.0224 μg cm-2 h-1 (2.24 cm h-1 permeation coefficient) and 0.0462 μg cm-2 h-1 (4.62 cm h-1 permeation coefficient), respectively, for berberine HCl and diacerein. Raman analysis of treated pig skin confirmed that the transferosomes can permeate the skin. No change in the skin condition or irritation was observed in BALB/c mice. Formulation stored at 4 and 25±2 °C / 60±5 % relative humidity was stable for 3 months. Conclusions Thus, the results demonstrated successful optimization of the transferosomes for the efficient topical delivery of berberine HCl and diacerein in the effective management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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He Y, Chen S, Li M, Gao Y, Feng H, Umar Q, Yin D, Feng Y. Novel co-crystal of 3-methylcinnamic acid with berberine (1:1): synthesis, characterization, and intestinal absorption property. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:617-627. [PMID: 37725481 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2259460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesis a novel 'Pharmaceutical Cocrystal' of berberine (BBR) with coformer 3-methylcinnamic acid (3MCA) for increasing its solubility and intestinal absorption property. SIGNIFICANCE BBR-HCl has poor liposolubility, difficulty in penetrating the cell membrane and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, low bioavailability, and limited clinical application. A new cocrystal is formed by the interaction between 3-MCA and BBR through molecular interaction, which improves the physicochemical properties, intestinal absorption property, and hygroscopicity. METHODS The solvent evaporation method was used to synthesize BCR-3MCA cocrystal. The physicochemical properties of the crystals were confirmed by different spectral techniques, i.e. by X-ray diffraction (PXRD, SXRD), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (DSC, TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hygroscopicity of the cocrystal was evaluated by dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS). The intestinal absorption property was evaluated by the Ussing chamber system. RESULTS BBR and 3MCA can be directly self-assembled into uniform co-crystal by hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. Compared with BBR-HCl, the solubility of BBR-3MCA cocrystal in polar solvents of water, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol increased by 13.9, 1.5, 4.7, and 15.8 times, respectively. The apparent absorption and the absorption rate constants were increased by 7.7 and 5.6 times, respectively. Surprisingly, BBR-3MCA co-crystal almost had no hygroscopicity. CONCLUSION The absolute molecular structure of the co-crystal was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The hydrogen bonds drove the formation of X-like one-dimensional unit. Compared to the BBR-HCl, BBR-3MCA cocrystal displayed superior dissolution and solubility performance, improved physical-chemical properties and significantly improved intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Hefei University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Huiyi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qasim Umar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Yisi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Su X, Liu L, Sun W, Li J, Feng Y, Geng Y, Cheng G. Improving the solubility of tetrahydropalmatine by introducing sulfonic acid by forming pharmaceutical salts of tetrahydropalmatine with supramolecular helical structure via CAHBs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Xu Y, Sun Q, Chen W, Han Y, Gao Y, Ye J, Wang H, Gao L, Liu Y, Yang Y. The Taste-Masking Mechanism of Chitosan at the Molecular Level on Bitter Drugs of Alkaloids and Flavonoid Glycosides from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules 2022; 27:7455. [PMID: 36364280 PMCID: PMC9658633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste masking of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) containing multiple bitter components remains an important challenge. In this study, berberine (BER) in alkaloids and phillyrin (PHI) in flavonoid glycosides, which are common bitter components in traditional Chinese medicines, were selected as model drugs. Chitosan (CS) was used to mask their unfriendly taste. Firstly, from the molecular level, we explained the taste-masking mechanism of CS on those two bitter components in detail. Based on those taste-masking mechanisms, the bitter taste of a mixture of BER and PHI was easily masked by CS in this work. The physicochemical characterization results showed the taste-masking compounds formed by CS with BER (named as BER/CS) and PHI (named as PHI/CS) were uneven in appearance. The drug binding efficiency of BER/CS and PHI/CS was 50.15 ± 2.63% and 67.10 ± 2.52%, respectively. The results of DSC, XRD, FTIR and molecular simulation further indicated that CS mainly masks the bitter taste by disturbing the binding site of bitter drugs and bitter receptors in the oral cavity via forming hydrogen bonds between its hydroxyl or amine groups and the nucleophilic groups of BER and PHI. The taste-masking evaluation results by the electronic tongue test confirmed the excellent taste-masking effects on alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides or a mixture of the two kinds of bitter components. The in vitro release as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic results suggested that the taste-masked compounds in this work could achieve rapid drug release in the gastric acid environment and did not influence the in vivo pharmacokinetic results of the drug. The taste-masking method in this work may have potential for the taste masking of traditional Chinese medicine compounds containing multiple bitter components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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He Q, Chen B, Wang G, Zhou D, Zeng H, Li X, Song Y, Yu X, Liang W, Chen H, Liu X, Wu Q, Wu L, Zhang L, Li H, Hu X, Zhou W. Co-Crystal of Rosiglitazone With Berberine Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance Through the PI3K/AKT/TXNIP Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842879. [PMID: 35571083 PMCID: PMC9096649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This study examined the effect and elucidated the mechanism of improvement of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by a co-crystal of rosiglitazone with berberine (RB) in high-sugar high-fat diet (HSHFD)-induced diabetic KKAy mice. Methods: Diabetic KKAy mice were randomly divided into seven groups: KKAy model control group (DM control) treated with 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; RB groups, administered daily with RB 0.7 mg/kg (RB-L), 2.11 mg/kg (RB-M), or 6.33 mg/kg (RB-H); positive control groups, administered daily with rosiglitazone 1.04 mg/kg (RSG), berberine 195 mg/kg (BBR), or combination of 1.04 mg/kg RSG and 1.08 mg/kg BBR (MIX). Test compounds were administered orally for 8 weeks. Non-diabetic C57BL/6J mice were used as normal control (NC). Blood glucose, food intake, body weight, glucose-lipid metabolism, and pathological changes in the pancreas and liver were examined. We further evaluated the mechanism of action of RB in C2C12 and HepG2 cells stimulated with high glucose and palmitate. Results: RB treatment improved glucolipid metabolism and insulin resistance in diabetic KKAy mice. RB reduced blood glucose levels, white fat index, plasma triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and insulin levels, increased the levels of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glycogen content in the liver and muscle; and improved oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and pathological changes in the pancreas and liver of KKAy mice. Moreover, RB upregulated p-PI3K and p-AKT levels and reduced TXNIP expression in KKAy mice and in HepG2 and C2C12 cells. Conclusion: These data indicate that RB ameliorates insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, and the mechanism might be through regulating the PI3K/AKT/TXNIP signaling pathway . Thus, the co-crystal drug RB may be considered as a potential antidiabetic agent for future clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuya Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Gao Z, Liu S, Calvin Sun C. Complexation with aromatic dicarboxylic acids expands the solid-state landscape of berberine. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121587. [PMID: 35176335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two novel salt cocrystals of berberine chloride (BCl) with 4-aminobenzoic acid (BCl-4ABA) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BCl-4HBA) and one new berberine salt with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (B)+(26DHBA)- were prepared and characterized. The chloride anions form N-H···Cl- hydrogen bonds in BCl-4ABA and O-H···Cl- hydrogen bonds in BCl-4HBA. In (B)+(26DHBA)-, the ionic interactions between 26DHBA- and quaternary ammonium cation of berberine contribute to a stronger crystal lattice and a higher melting point. All three new crystal forms exhibit a lower hygroscopicity at 25 ℃ than BCl, which is the crystal form used in the commercial tablets. Compared to BCl, the dissolution rates of BCl-4ABA and BCl-4HBA in water are higher but that of (B)+(26DHBA)- is lower. Among the three crystal forms, the form with a higher melting point also exhibits a lower dissolution rate, which is explained by the stronger intermolecular interactions in these crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Kong Y, Li L, Zhao LG, Yu P, Li DD. A patent review of berberine and its derivatives with various pharmacological activities (2016-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 32:211-223. [PMID: 34455891 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1974001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Berberine (BBR), as one of the outstanding representatives of isoquinoline alkaloids, has been used as an antibacterial drug for a long time in China since ancient times. Currently, a large number of studies have been reported that berberine has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, and the like. AREAS COVERED This review systematically discussed important patents on berberine and berberine derivatives in terms of pharmacological activity between 2016 and 2020. These patents were mainly searched through the European Patent Office database and Web of Science. These berberine patents (~41) cover a wide range of applications, mainly including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-metabolic disorder, and other newly reported pharmacological activities. EXPERT OPINION Berberine is an important lead compound with great potential for optimization in drug development. However, there is a lack of research related to the biomolecular targets of BBR, which directly restricts the development of berberine in the pharmaceutical field. The problems involved with poor bioavailability and cytotoxicity are also worth considering in the development of berberine-based drugs. Accordingly, the increasing number of patents involving biomolecular targets in BBR's patent applications will be published as its related pharmacological mechanisms are further deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China.,College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,159Long Pan Road,Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China.,College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,159Long Pan Road,Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Lin-Guo Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China.,College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,159Long Pan Road,Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Pan Yu
- Institute of Environmentally Friendly Materials and Occupational Health,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China.,College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,159Long Pan Road,Nanjing 210037,China
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