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Alnasser M, Alshammari AH, Siddiqui AY, Alothmani OS, Issrani R, Iqbal A, Khattak O, Prabhu N. Tissue Regeneration on Rise: Dental Hard Tissue Regeneration and Challenges-A Narrative Review. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:9990562. [PMID: 38690100 PMCID: PMC11057954 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9990562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Background As people live longer, there is an increasing need for hard tissue regeneration and whole-tooth regeneration. Despite the advancements in the field of medicine, the field of regenerative dentistry is still challenging due to the complexity of dental hard tissues. Cross-disciplinary collaboration among material scientists, cellular biologists, and odontologists aimed at developing strategies and uncovering solutions related to dental tissue regeneration. Methodology. A search of the literature was done for pertinent research. Consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, the electronic databases looked at were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the keyword search "hard dental tissue regeneration." Results Database analysis yielded a total of 476 articles. 222 duplicate articles have been removed in total. Articles that have no connection to the directed regeneration of hard dental tissue were disregarded. The review concluded with the inclusion of four studies that were relevant to our research objective. Conclusion Current molecular signaling network investigations and novel viewpoints on cellular heterogeneity have made advancements in understanding of the kinetics of dental hard tissue regeneration possible. Here, we outline the fundamentals of stem hard dental tissue maintenance, regeneration, and repair, as well as recent advancements in the field of hard tissue regeneration. These intriguing findings help establish a framework that will eventually enable basic research findings to be utilized towards oral health-improving medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsen Alnasser
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amna Yusuf Siddiqui
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Shujaa Alothmani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namdeo Prabhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Alsalhi A. Applications of selected polysaccharides and proteins in dentistry: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129215. [PMID: 38185301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the last ten years, remarkable characteristics and a variety of functionalities have been created in biopolymeric materials for clinical dental applications. This review gives an overview of current knowledge of natural biopolymers (biological macromolecules) in terms of structural, functional, and property interactions. Natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides (chitosan, bacterial cellulose, hyaluronic acid, and alginate) and polypeptides (collagen and silk fibroin) have been discussed for dental uses. These biopolymers exhibit excellent properties alone and when employed with other composite molecules making them ideal for treatment of periodontitis, endodontics, dental pulp regeneration and oral wound healing. These biopolymers together with the composite materials exhibit better biocompatibility, inertness, elasticity and flexibility which makes them a leading candidate to be used for other dental applications like caries management, oral appliances, dentures, dental implants and oral surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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Alhasan MA, Tomokiyo A, Hamano S, Sugii H, Ono T, Ipposhi K, Yamashita K, Mardini B, Minowa F, Maeda H. Hyaluronic Acid Induction Promotes the Differentiation of Human Neural Crest-like Cells into Periodontal Ligament Stem-like Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2743. [PMID: 38067170 PMCID: PMC10705959 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) stem-like cells (PDLSCs) are promising for regeneration of the periodontium because they demonstrate multipotency, high proliferative capacity, and the potential to regenerate bone, cementum, and PDL tissue. However, the transplantation of autologous PDLSCs is restricted by limited availability. Since PDLSCs are derived from neural crest cells (NCs) and NCs persist in adult PDL tissue, we devised to promote the regeneration of the periodontium by activating NCs to differentiate into PDLSCs. SK-N-SH cells, a neuroblastoma cell line that reportedly has NC-like features, seeded on the extracellular matrix of PDL cells for 2 weeks, resulted in the significant upregulation of PDL marker expression. SK-N-SH cell-derived PDLSCs (SK-PDLSCs) presented phenotypic characteristics comparable to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived PDLSCs (iPDLSCs). The expression levels of various hyaluronic acid (HA)-related genes were upregulated in iPDLSCs and SK-PDLSCs compared with iPSC-derived NCs and SK-N-SH cells, respectively. The knockdown of CD44 in SK-N-SH cells significantly inhibited their ability to differentiate into SK-PDLSCs, while low-molecular HA (LMWHA) induction enhanced SK-PDLSC differentiation. Our findings suggest that SK-N-SH cells could be applied as a new model to induce the differentiation of NCs into PDLSCs and that the LMWHA-CD44 relationship is important for the differentiation of NCs into PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anas Alhasan
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita13 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Taiga Ono
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Keita Ipposhi
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Kozue Yamashita
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Bara Mardini
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Fumiko Minowa
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.A.A.); (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.O.); (K.I.); (K.Y.); (B.M.); (F.M.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Li Z, Ruan C, Niu X. Collagen-based bioinks for regenerative medicine: Fabrication, application and prospective. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Decorin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238224. [PMID: 36500314 PMCID: PMC9739490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to clarify the biological functions of decorin (DCN) in the healing and regeneration of wounded periodontal tissue. We investigated the expression pattern of DCN during the healing of wounded periodontal tissue in rats by immunohistochemistry and the effects of DCN on the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells (HPDLSCs) and preosteoblasts by Alizarin red S staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, and western blotting. The expression of DCN was increased around the wounded PDL tissue on day 5 after surgery compared with the nonwounded PDL tissue, whereas its expression was not changed in the osteoblastic layer around the wounded alveolar bone. Furthermore, DCN promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of HPDLSCs, but it did not affect the osteoblastic differentiation of preosteoblasts. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was upregulated during the DCN-induced osteoblastic differentiation of HPDLSCs. DCN did not affect proliferation, migration, or the PDL-related gene expression of HPDLSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DCN has a role in the healing of wounded periodontal tissue. Furthermore, DCN secreted from PDL cells may contribute to bone healing by upregulating osteoblastic differentiation through ERK1/2 signaling in HPDLSCs, indicating a therapeutic effect of DCN in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Gallo S, Pascadopoli M, Pellegrini M, Pulicari F, Manfredini M, Zampetti P, Spadari F, Maiorana C, Scribante A. Latest Findings of the Regenerative Materials Application in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Surgery: A Scoping Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:594. [PMID: 36290567 PMCID: PMC9598513 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dentistry represents a therapeutic modern approach involving biomaterials and biologics such as mesenchymal stem cells. The role of regenerative dentistry is promising in all branches of dentistry, especially in periodontology and implantology for the treatment of bony defects around teeth and implants, respectively. Due to the number of different materials that can be used for this purpose, the aim of the present review is to evidence the regenerative properties of different materials both in periodontitis and peri-implantitis as well as to compare their efficacy. Clinical trials, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies have been considered in this review. The outcome assessed is represented by the regenerative properties of bone grafts, barrier membranes, and biological materials in the treatment of intrabony and furcation defects, peri-implantitis sites, alveolar ridge preservation, and implant site development. Based on the studies included, it can be stated that in the last years regenerative materials in periodontal and peri-implant defects treatments have shown excellent results, thus providing valuable support to surgical therapy. To achieve optimal and predictable results, clinicians should always consider factors like occlusal load control, prevention of microbial contamination, and wound dehiscence. Further evidence is required about the use of enamel matrix derivative in alveolar ridge preservation, as well as of stem cells and bone morphogenetic proteins-2 in furcation defects and peri-implantitis sites. Considering the high amount of research being conducted in this field, further evidence is expected to be obtained soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Pulicari
- Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Zampetti
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Spadari
- Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Biomaterials Used for Periodontal Disease Treatment: Focusing on Immunomodulatory Properties. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:7693793. [PMID: 35528847 PMCID: PMC9072036 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7693793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing use of biomaterials with different therapeutic purposes increases the need for their physiological understanding as well as to seek its integration with the human body. Chronic inflammatory local pathologies, generally associated with infectious or autoimmunity processes, have been a current therapeutic target due to the difficulty in their treatment. The recent development of biomaterials with immunomodulatory capacity would then become one of the possible strategies for their management in local pathologies, by intervening in situ, without generating alterations in the systemic immune response. The treatment of periodontal disease as an inflammatory entity has involved the use of different approaches and biomaterials. There is no conclusive, high evidence about the use of these biomaterials in the regeneration of periodontitis sequelae, so the profession keeps looking for other different strategies. The use of biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties could be one, with a promising future. This review of the literature summarizes the scientific evidence about biomaterials used in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Natural Polymers for the Maintenance of Oral Health: Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910337. [PMID: 34638678 PMCID: PMC8508910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of modern dental treatment is strongly dependent on the materials used both temporarily and permanently. Among all dental materials, polymers are a very important class with a wide spectrum of applications. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent advances in the field of natural polymers used to maintain or restore oral health. It focuses on the properties of the most common proteins and polysaccharides of natural origin in terms of meeting the specific biological requirements in the increasingly demanding field of modern dentistry. The use of naturally derived polymers in different dental specialties for preventive and therapeutic purposes has been discussed. The major fields of application cover caries and the management of periodontal diseases, the fabrication of membranes and scaffolds for the regeneration of dental structures, the manufacturing of oral appliances and dentures as well as providing systems for oral drug delivery. This paper also includes a comparative characteristic of natural and synthetic dental polymers. Finally, the current review highlights new perspectives, possible future advancements, as well as challenges that may be encountered by researchers in the field of dental applications of polymers of natural origin.
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Olaru M, Sachelarie L, Calin G. Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration-Approaches and Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102558. [PMID: 34069265 PMCID: PMC8156070 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Olaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
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Batool F, Özçelik H, Stutz C, Gegout PY, Benkirane-Jessel N, Petit C, Huck O. Modulation of immune-inflammatory responses through surface modifications of biomaterials to promote bone healing and regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211041428. [PMID: 34721831 PMCID: PMC8554547 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211041428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of inflammation is indispensable for optimal oral wound healing and tissue regeneration. Several biomaterials have been used to enhance the regenerative outcomes; however, the biomaterial implantation can ensure an immune-inflammatory response. The interface between the cells and the biomaterial surface plays a critical role in determining the success of soft and hard tissue regeneration. The initial inflammatory response upon biomaterial implantation helps in tissue repair and regeneration, however, persistant inflammation impairs the wound healing response. The cells interact with the biomaterials through extracellular matrix proteins leading to protein adsorption followed by recruitment, attachment, migration, and proliferation of several immune-inflammatory cells. Physical nanotopography of biomaterials, such as surface proteins, roughness, and porosity, is crucial for driving cellular attachment and migration. Similarly, modification of scaffold surface chemistry by adapting hydrophilicity, surface charge, surface coatings, can down-regulate the initiation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Besides, functionalization of scaffold surfaces with active biological molecules can down-regulate pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive mediators' release as well as actively up-regulate anti-inflammatory markers. This review encompasses various strategies for the optimization of physical, chemical, and biological properties of biomaterial and the underlying mechanisms to modulate the immune-inflammatory response, thereby, promoting the tissue integration and subsequent soft and hard tissue regeneration potential of the administered biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Batool
- Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Hayriye Özçelik
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Stutz
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gegout
- Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Petit
- Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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